National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (2)
- Children/Adolescents (3)
- Communication (1)
- Data (1)
- Education (1)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Emergency Preparedness (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (2)
- Genetics (2)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (1)
- Healthcare Costs (3)
- Healthcare Utilization (1)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (2)
- Health Services Research (HSR) (2)
- Hospitals (2)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1)
- Implementation (1)
- Infectious Diseases (4)
- Influenza (2)
- Medication (1)
- Mortality (2)
- Obesity (1)
- Opioids (1)
- Palliative Care (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Patient and Family Engagement (1)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Policy (3)
- Prevention (5)
- Provider: Pharmacist (1)
- (-) Public Health (20)
- Research Methodologies (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Substance Abuse (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Tobacco Use (1)
- Vaccination (5)
- Vulnerable Populations (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 20 of 20 Research Studies DisplayedBartsch SM, Taitel MS, DePasse JV
Epidemiologic and economic impact of pharmacies as vaccination locations during an influenza epidemic.
During an influenza epidemic, where early vaccination is crucial, pharmacies may be a resource to increase vaccine distribution reach and capacity. In this paper, the investigators utilized an agent-based model of the US and a clinical and economics outcomes model to simulate the impact of different influenza epidemics and the impact of utilizing pharmacies in addition to traditional (hospitals, clinic/physician offices, and urgent care centers) locations for vaccination for the year 2017.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Taitel MS, DePasse JV .
Epidemiologic and economic impact of pharmacies as vaccination locations during an influenza epidemic.
Vaccine 2018 Nov 12;36(46):7054-63. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.040..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Influenza, Provider: Pharmacist, Public Health, Vaccination
Leyenaar JK, Bogetz JF
Child mortality in the United States: bridging palliative care and public health perspectives.
This commentary discusses the findings of the article by Trowbridge et al in this same issue of Pediatrics, which examines modes of death rather than causes of death at a freestanding children’s hospital. Five distinct categories were created: withdrawal of life-sustaining technology; non-escalation of care; failed resuscitation; code then withdrawal; death by neurological criteria. More than 60% of the deaths were infants. The authors of this commentary note that conceptualizing the findings of this study from a public health perspective raises important questions about how causes of death are associated with end-of-life care in hospitals.
AHRQ-funded; HS024133.
Citation: Leyenaar JK, Bogetz JF .
Child mortality in the United States: bridging palliative care and public health perspectives.
Pediatrics 2018 Oct;142(4). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1927..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitals, Mortality, Palliative Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Public Health
Wedlock PT, Mitgang EA, Siegmund SS
Dual-chamber injection device for measles-rubella vaccine: the potential impact of introducing varying sizes of the devices in 3 countries.
The purpose of this study was to identify the ideal size for dual-chamber injection devices used in routine immunization programs. Vaccine supply chain models of the Republic of Benin, the Republic of Mozambique, and Bihar were generated using the HERMES modeling software to simulate the effects of replacing a 10-dose lyophilized measles-rubella vaccine with single-dose, dual-chamber injection devices of varying sizes and prices. Optimal volume-per-dose was identified as either improving or causing no change in vaccine availability, wastage, or supply-chain costs in comparison to the existing program. The study concludes that a single-dose, dual-chamber measles-rubella injection device would need to be no larger than 5.2cm(3) to not significantly impair the flow of other vaccines.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Wedlock PT, Mitgang EA, Siegmund SS .
Dual-chamber injection device for measles-rubella vaccine: the potential impact of introducing varying sizes of the devices in 3 countries.
Vaccine 2018 Sep 18;36(39):5879-85. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.026..
Keywords: Public Health, Vaccination
Davis CS, Green TC, Hernandez-Delgado H
Status of US state laws mandating timely reporting of nonfatal overdose.
Timely, actionable, nonfatal overdose data are urgently needed to improve public health response to the overdose crisis. The purpose of this paper was to provide background and catalyze discussion regarding this important issue. The authors briefly report the results of a systematic analysis of state laws mandating reporting of nonfatal overdose, and provide suggestions for improving the collection and use of nonfatal overdose data to improve the public health response to this ongoing epidemic.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Davis CS, Green TC, Hernandez-Delgado H .
Status of US state laws mandating timely reporting of nonfatal overdose.
Am J Public Health 2018 Sep;108(9):1159-61. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304589..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Opioids, Policy, Public Health, Substance Abuse
Baker AW, Haridy S, Salem J
Performance of statistical process control methods for regional surgical site infection surveillance: a 10-year multicentre pilot study.
The authors performed a pilot study within a large network of community hospitals to evaluate performance of statistical process control (SPC) methods for detecting surgical site infections (SSI) outbreaks. Their findings illustrated the potential usefulness and feasibility of real-time SPC surveillance of SSI to rapidly identify outbreaks and improve patient safety. Further study is needed to optimize SPC chart selection and calculation, statistical outbreak detection rules and the process for reacting to signals of potential outbreaks.
AHRQ-funded; HS023821.
Citation: Baker AW, Haridy S, Salem J .
Performance of statistical process control methods for regional surgical site infection surveillance: a 10-year multicentre pilot study.
BMJ Qual Saf 2018 Aug;27(8):600-10. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006474..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Surgery, Hospitals, Public Health, Prevention, Adverse Events
Lyles CR, Lunn MR, Obedin-Maliver J
The new era of precision population health: insights for the All of Us Research Program and beyond.
This paper addresses the new era of precision population health. Although precision medicine has made advances in individualized patient treatments, the authors assert that there needs to be continued attention on tailored population health and prevention strategies. They provide specific recommendations from the All of Us Research Program and the Precision Public Health Summit as examples for moving this field forward.
AHRQ-funded; HS022408.
Citation: Lyles CR, Lunn MR, Obedin-Maliver J .
The new era of precision population health: insights for the All of Us Research Program and beyond.
J Transl Med 2018 Jul 27;16(1):211. doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1585-5..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Services Research (HSR), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Public Health
Bartsch SM, Asti L, Nyathi S
Estimated cost to a restaurant of a foodborne illness outbreak.
This study estimated the cost to restaurants of a foodborne illness outbreak. The researchers estimated costs for all types of restaurants including fast food, fast casual, casual dining and fine dining. They created a computational scenario model which included the restaurant type, outbreak size (5 to 250 people), pathogen, lost revenues (defined as meals lost per illness), lawsuit and legal fee costs, fines, and insurance premium increases. Costs ranged from a lot of $3968 to $2.6 million, depending on outbreak size. The biggest losses were attributed to lawsuits and legal fees, outbreak size and lost revenue.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Asti L, Nyathi S .
Estimated cost to a restaurant of a foodborne illness outbreak.
Public Health Rep 2018 May/Jun;133(3):274-86. doi: 10.1177/0033354917751129..
Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Public Health
de Montigny S, Adamson BJS, Masse BR
Projected effectiveness and added value of HIV vaccination campaigns in South Africa: a modeling study.
Sci Rep 2018 Apr 17;8(1):6066. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24268-4.
In this paper, the authors estimated the potential epidemiological and economic impact of HIV vaccine campaigns compared to continuous vaccination, assuming that vaccine efficacy was transient and dependent on immune response. The investigators concluded that results suggested a partially effective HIV vaccine would have substantial impact on the HIV epidemic in South Africa and offer good value if priced less than $105 for a five-dose series. They suggested that vaccination campaigns every two years may offer greater value for money than continuous vaccination reaching the same coverage level.
In this paper, the authors estimated the potential epidemiological and economic impact of HIV vaccine campaigns compared to continuous vaccination, assuming that vaccine efficacy was transient and dependent on immune response. The investigators concluded that results suggested a partially effective HIV vaccine would have substantial impact on the HIV epidemic in South Africa and offer good value if priced less than $105 for a five-dose series. They suggested that vaccination campaigns every two years may offer greater value for money than continuous vaccination reaching the same coverage level.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: de Montigny S, Adamson BJS, Masse BR .
Projected effectiveness and added value of HIV vaccination campaigns in South Africa: a modeling study.
Sci Rep 2018 Apr 17;8(1):6066. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24268-4..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Costs, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Public Health, Vaccination
Marx FM, Yaesoubi R, Menzies NA
Tuberculosis control interventions targeted to previously treated people in a high-incidence setting: a modelling study.
In high-incidence settings, recurrent disease among previously treated individuals contributes substantially to the burden of incident and prevalent tuberculosis. The authors developed a transmission-dynamic model of tuberculosis and HIV in a high-incidence setting. And concluded that in the high-incidence setting, the use of targeted active case finding in combination with secondary isoniazid preventive therapy in previously treated individuals could accelerate decreases in tuberculosis morbidity and mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Marx FM, Yaesoubi R, Menzies NA .
Tuberculosis control interventions targeted to previously treated people in a high-incidence setting: a modelling study.
Lancet Glob Health 2018 Apr;6(4):e426-e35. doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30022-6..
Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Public Health
Malik S, Lee DC, Doran KM
Vulnerability of older adults in disasters: emergency department utilization by geriatric patients after Hurricane Sandy.
Older adults are a potentially medically vulnerable population with increased mortality rates during and after disasters. To evaluate the impact of a natural disaster on this population, the authors of this study performed a temporal and geospatial analysis of emergency department (ED) use by adults aged 65 years and older in New York City (NYC) following Hurricane Sandy's landfall.
AHRQ-funded; HS024172.
Citation: Malik S, Lee DC, Doran KM .
Vulnerability of older adults in disasters: emergency department utilization by geriatric patients after Hurricane Sandy.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2018 Apr;12(2):184-93. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2017.44..
Keywords: Elderly, Emergency Department, Vulnerable Populations, Public Health, Healthcare Utilization
Szilagyi PG, Schaffer S, Rand CM
School-located influenza vaccinations for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.
In this study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the effect of school-located influenza vaccination (SLIV) on adolescents' influenza vaccination rates. In 2015-2016, they performed a cluster-randomized trial of adolescent SLIV in middle/high schools. They concluded that SLIV in this community increased influenza vaccination rates among adolescents attending suburban schools.
AHRQ-funded; HS021163.
Citation: Szilagyi PG, Schaffer S, Rand CM .
School-located influenza vaccinations for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.
J Adolesc Health 2018 Feb;62(2):157-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.021..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Education, Influenza, Prevention, Public Health, Vaccination
Lemke AA, Harris-Wai JN
Stakeholder engagement in policy development: challenges and opportunities for human genomics.
The purpose of this paper is to examine how stakeholder engagement is used to develop policies in genomics research and public health areas, as well as to identify future priorities for conducting evidence-based stakeholder engagements. It concluded that several challenges of using stakeholder engagement as a tool for genomics policy development remain, and little evidence regarding how to best incorporate stakeholder feedback into policy-making processes is currently available.
AHRQ-funded; HS023547.
Citation: Lemke AA, Harris-Wai JN .
Stakeholder engagement in policy development: challenges and opportunities for human genomics.
Genet Med 2015 Dec;17(12):949-57. doi: 10.1038/gim.2015.8.
.
.
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Genetics, Patient and Family Engagement, Policy, Public Health
Dixon BE, McFarlane TD, Dearth S
Characterizing informatics roles and needs of public health workers: results from the public health workforce interests and needs survey.
The authors sought to characterize public health workers who specialize in informatics and to assess informatics-related aspects of the work performed by the public health workforce. Using the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS), they found that, overall, informatics specialists are younger, but share many common traits with other public health science roles, including positive attitudes toward their contributions to the mission of public health as well as job satisfaction.
AHRQ-funded; HS020909.
Citation: Dixon BE, McFarlane TD, Dearth S .
Characterizing informatics roles and needs of public health workers: results from the public health workforce interests and needs survey.
J Public Health Manag Pract 2015 Nov-Dec;21 Suppl 6:S130-40. doi: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000304.
.
.
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Public Health
Bhattacharyya S, Gesteland PH, Korgenski K
Cross-immunity between strains explains the dynamical pattern of paramyxoviruses.
The researchers used long-term incidence data on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), three serotypes of Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV), and Human Metapneumovirus to study mathematical models of different mechanisms of pathogen interaction. Their results showed a strong signal of cross-protection from RSV in controlling the timing and magnitude of HPIV outbreaks, and a stronger interaction with more closely related serotypes.
AHRQ-funded; HS018538.
Citation: Bhattacharyya S, Gesteland PH, Korgenski K .
Cross-immunity between strains explains the dynamical pattern of paramyxoviruses.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015 Oct 27;112(43):13396-400. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1516698112..
Keywords: Data, Public Health, Respiratory Conditions
Rodriguez M, Hogan PG, Satola SW
Discriminatory indices of typing methods for epidemiologic analysis of contemporary Staphylococcus aureus strains.
The researchers compared the discriminatory index of 5 typing methods for contemporary S. aureus strain characterization. They found that the typing methods yielded comparable discriminatory power for Aureus characterization overall; when discriminating among USA300 isolates, repetitive sequence-based PCR (repPCR) retained the highest discriminatory power.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736.
Citation: Rodriguez M, Hogan PG, Satola SW .
Discriminatory indices of typing methods for epidemiologic analysis of contemporary Staphylococcus aureus strains.
Medicine 2015 Sep;94(37):e1534. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000001534..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Genetics, Public Health
Glanz JM, Kraus CR, Daley MF
Addressing parental vaccine concerns: engagement, balance, and timing.
The recent United States measles epidemic has sparked another contentious national discussion about childhood vaccination. Interventions to address this emerging public health issue are needed. The authors describe a framework by which web-based interventions can be used to help parents make evidence-based decisions about childhood vaccinations.
AHRQ-funded; HS021492.
Citation: Glanz JM, Kraus CR, Daley MF .
Addressing parental vaccine concerns: engagement, balance, and timing.
PLoS Biol 2015 Aug;13(8):e1002227. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002227..
Keywords: Vaccination, Children/Adolescents, Public Health, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Leeman J, Myers AE, Ribisl KM
Disseminating policy and environmental change interventions: insights from obesity prevention and tobacco control.
This paper describes the approach that two projects developed to disseminate policy and environmental change interventions. The Center for Training and Research Translation (Center TRT) disseminates evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to promote physical activity and healthy eating. Counter Tobacco disseminates EBIs to counter tobacco product sales and marketing in the retail environment.
AHRQ-funded; HS019468.
Citation: Leeman J, Myers AE, Ribisl KM .
Disseminating policy and environmental change interventions: insights from obesity prevention and tobacco control.
Int J Behav Med 2015 Jun;22(3):301-11. doi: 10.1007/s12529-014-9427-1..
Keywords: Communication, Evidence-Based Practice, Obesity, Policy, Prevention, Public Health, Tobacco Use, Implementation
Bartsch SM, Gorham K, Lee BY
The cost of an Ebola case.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to estimate the cost of an Ebola virus disease (EVD) case from the provider and societal perspectives in the three most affected countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Their model estimates the total societal cost of an EVD case with full recovery ranges from $480 to $912, while that of an EVD case not surviving ranges from $5,929 to $18,929, varying by age and country.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Gorham K, Lee BY .
The cost of an Ebola case.
Pathog Glob Health 2015 Feb;109(1):4-9. doi: 10.1179/2047773214y.0000000169..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Mortality, Public Health, Infectious Diseases
Matthews Pillemer F, Blendon RJ, Zaslavsky AM
Predicting support for non-pharmaceutical interventions during infectious outbreaks: a four region analysis.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as quarantines and face masks are socially and economically disruptive, and usually require compliance by a significant proportion of the population to be effective. The researchers investigated the predictors of NPI support in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. They found NPI support varies widely by region, possibly because of cultural variation and prior experience.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055; HS017587.
Citation: Matthews Pillemer F, Blendon RJ, Zaslavsky AM .
Predicting support for non-pharmaceutical interventions during infectious outbreaks: a four region analysis.
Disasters 2015 Jan;39(1):125-45. doi: 10.1111/disa.12089..
Keywords: Public Health, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Emergency Preparedness
Pitts SI, Apostolou A, DasGupta S
Serotype 10A in case patients with invasive pneumococcal disease: a pilot study of PCR-based serotyping in New Jersey.
This study used the existing infrastructure for surveillance of invasive S. pneumoniae in New Jersey to conduct state-based serotype surveillance using nucleic acid amplification. It revealed that an unusual serotype, 10A, represented 25% of invasive pneumococcal disease cases in New Jersey during the study period.
AHRQ-funded; HS019488.
Citation: Pitts SI, Apostolou A, DasGupta S .
Serotype 10A in case patients with invasive pneumococcal disease: a pilot study of PCR-based serotyping in New Jersey.
Public Health Rep 2015 Jan-Feb;130(1):54-9..
Keywords: Pneumonia, Public Health