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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (2)
- Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) (2)
- Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) (2)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Clostridium difficile Infections (1)
- Community-Acquired Infections (3)
- Elderly (1)
- Family Health and History (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (10)
- Hospitals (1)
- Infectious Diseases (5)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (3)
- Long-Term Care (3)
- (-) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (15)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (1)
- Newborns/Infants (2)
- Nursing Homes (2)
- Patient Safety (5)
- Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) (1)
- Prevention (8)
- Risk (2)
- Surgery (1)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 15 of 15 Research Studies DisplayedKim JJ, Johnson JK, Stucke EM
Burden of perianal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in nursing home residents increases transmission to healthcare worker gowns and gloves.
Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to health care workers (HCWs) on gowns and gloves has been an issue in nursing homes. This study evaluated the effect of the burden in 13 community-based nursing homes in Maryland and Michigan. Residents were cultured for S. aureus at the perianal skin and the anterior nares areas. A total of 403 residents were enrolled, with 169 colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Transmission to HCW gowns and gloves was greater from those colonized with greater quantities of S. aureus on the perianal skin. These findings inform future infection control practices for both MRSA and MSSA in nursing homes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019979; HS025451.
Citation: Kim JJ, Johnson JK, Stucke EM .
Burden of perianal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in nursing home residents increases transmission to healthcare worker gowns and gloves.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020 Dec;41(12):1396-401. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.336..
Keywords: Elderly, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention
McKinnell JA, Miller LG, Singh RD
High prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism colonization in 28 nursing homes: an "iceberg effect."
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms (ESBLs), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among residents and in the environment of nursing homes (NHs). The investigators concluded that in more than half of the NHs, more than 50% of residents were colonized with MDROs of clinical and public health significance, most commonly MRSA and ESBL. Additionally, the vast majority of resident rooms and common areas were MDRO contaminated.
AHRQ-funded; HS024286.
Citation: McKinnell JA, Miller LG, Singh RD .
High prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism colonization in 28 nursing homes: an "iceberg effect."
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020 Dec;21(12):1937-43.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.007..
Keywords: Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
Gall E, Long A, Hall KK
Chlorhexidine bathing strategies for multidrug-resistant organisms: a summary of recent evidence.
This systematic literature review investigated the latest evidence for patient bathing with a 2%-4% chlorhexidine gluconate solution to reduce multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) transmission and infection. Three databases were searched for articles from 2008 through 2018, as well as any key articles published after 2018. Findings focused on health care-associated infections (HAIs) and 3 categories of MDROs: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Chlorhexidine reduced MRSA acquisition and carriage, but no studies found significant reductions in infections. Several studies found that chlorhexidine bathing reduced VRE acquisition and carriage. Two very large studies found bathing significantly reduced HAIs, but these reductions may be smaller when HAIs are already controlled with other anti-infection measures.
AHRQ-funded; HHSP233201500013I.
Citation: Gall E, Long A, Hall KK .
Chlorhexidine bathing strategies for multidrug-resistant organisms: a summary of recent evidence.
J Patient Saf 2020 Sep;16(3S Suppl 1):S16-s22. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000743..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety, Infectious Diseases
Luzum M, Sebolt J, Chopra V
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection, Clostridioides difficile colitis, central line-associated bloodstream infection, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
This article provides summaries of the background, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of central line-associated bloodstream infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, Clostridioides difficile, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infections. Additional prevention strategies, including those related to recent national interventions, are also reviewed.
AHRQ-funded; HS022835.
Citation: Luzum M, Sebolt J, Chopra V .
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection, Clostridioides difficile colitis, central line-associated bloodstream infection, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Med Clin North Am 2020 Jul;104(4):663-79. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.02.004..
Keywords: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Clostridium difficile Infections, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases
Hogan PG, Mork RL, Thompson RM
Environmental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination, persistent colonization, and subsequent skin and soft tissue infection.
This 12-month prospective cohort study examined households contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), persistent colonization, and subsequent soft tissue infection (SSTI). Households in St. Louis who had members with community-acquired MRSA SSTI were longitudinally tracked from 2012 to 2015. A baseline visit was conducted at the index patient’s primary home, followed by four quarterly visits over 12 months. With each visit, an interview and serial cultures were collected. Of the 692 participants in 150 households, including 150 children, who completed all 5 samplings; 213 (39%) showed persistent colonization with S. aureus, particularly in the nose. Nine pets (8%) were persistently colonized with S. aureus. Interval SSTI was also associated with MRSA in 76 index patients (53%) and 101 household contacts (19%).
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Hogan PG, Mork RL, Thompson RM .
Environmental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination, persistent colonization, and subsequent skin and soft tissue infection.
JAMA Pediatr 2020 Jun;174(6):552-62. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0132..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Community-Acquired Infections
Mork RL, Hogan PG, Muenks CE
Longitudinal, strain-specific Staphylococcus aureus introduction and transmission events in households of children with community-associated meticillin-resistant S aureus skin and soft tissue infection: a prospective cohort study.
This prospective cohort study examined methods of transmission for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in households with otherwise healthy children who have a MRSA infection. From 2012-2015 households in St. Louis with children who had a community-acquired MRSA skin and soft-tissue infection were longitudinally tracked. Children with other health issues were excluded. A baseline visit was conducted at the index patient’s primary home, followed by four quarterly visits over 12 months. With each visit, an interview and serial cultures were collected. Molecular typing was done of those samples to determine the distinct S aureus strain. MRSA recipients were most likely to live in a rental situation, and were more likely to share a bedroom with a strain-colonised individual. The most likely transmission source was shared bath towels. Pets were often recipients, but rarely the sole transmission source. Frequent handwashing decreased the likelihood of novel strains being introduced into the house and emphasizes the importance of hand hygiene.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269
Citation: Mork RL, Hogan PG, Muenks CE .
Longitudinal, strain-specific Staphylococcus aureus introduction and transmission events in households of children with community-associated meticillin-resistant S aureus skin and soft tissue infection: a prospective cohort study.
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Feb;20(2):188-98. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30570-5..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections, Prevention, Children/Adolescents, Family Health and History
Peterson LR, Boehm S, Beaumont JL
Reduction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in long-term care is possible while maintaining patient socialization: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
The researchers sought to demonstrate that a novel, minimally invasive program not interfering with activities of daily living or socialization could lower methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) disease in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). They found that the MRSA infection rate decreased 65% between baseline and year 2, with a significant reduction observed at each of the three participating LTCFs. They concluded that on-site MRSA surveillance with targeted decolonization resulted in a significant decrease in clinical MRSA infection among LTCF residents.
AHRQ-funded; HS019968.
Citation: Peterson LR, Boehm S, Beaumont JL .
Reduction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in long-term care is possible while maintaining patient socialization: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
Am J Infect Control 2016 Dec;44(12):1622-27. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.04.251.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Patient Safety, Prevention
Piper Jenks N, Pardos de la Gandara M, D'Orazio BM
Differences in prevalence of community-associated MRSA and MSSA among U.S. and non-U.S. born populations in six New York community health centers.
As part of a research collaborative, 6 New York City-area community health centers recruited patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs). This study found that although not statistically significant, immigrants had lower rates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections than did native-born participants, and immigrants showed significantly higher rates of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) wound cultures.
AHRQ-funded; HS021667.
Citation: Piper Jenks N, Pardos de la Gandara M, D'Orazio BM .
Differences in prevalence of community-associated MRSA and MSSA among U.S. and non-U.S. born populations in six New York community health centers.
Travel Med Infect Dis 2016 Nov - Dec;14(6):551-60. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.10.003.
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Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Injuries and Wounds, Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN), Antibiotics
Dicks KV, Lofgren E, Lewis SS
A multicenter pragmatic interrupted time series analysis of chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in community hospital intensive care units.
This study sought to determine whether daily chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing of intensive care unit (ICU) patients leads to a decrease in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), particularly infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). It concluded that hospitals that implemented CHG bathing attained a decrease in ICU central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), ICU primary BSIs, and VRE central-line-associated bloodstream infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Dicks KV, Lofgren E, Lewis SS .
A multicenter pragmatic interrupted time series analysis of chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in community hospital intensive care units.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Jul;37(7):791-7. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.23.
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Keywords: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
Reich PJ, Boyle MG, Hogan PG
Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in the neonatal intensive care unit: an infection prevention and patient safety challenge.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The researchers characterized the clinical and molecular epidemiology of MRSA strains colonizing NICU patients. They found that community-acquired MRSA strains are prominent in the NICU and associated with distinct risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Reich PJ, Boyle MG, Hogan PG .
Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in the neonatal intensive care unit: an infection prevention and patient safety challenge.
Clin Microbiol Infect 2016 Jul;22(7):645.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.04.013.
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Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Patient Safety, Prevention, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Newborns/Infants, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
Muenks CE, Hogan PG, Wang JW
Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing various niches of the human body.
The objectives of this study were to determine whether S. aureus polyclonal colonization exists within one body niche and to determine the optimal sampling sites and culture methodology to capture the diversity of S. aureus strains in community-dwelling individuals. The researchers found S. aureus polyclonality within a single body niche and that culture methodology and sampling sites influenced the analytical sensitivity of S. aureus colonization detection and the robustness of phenotypic and genotypic strain recovery.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Muenks CE, Hogan PG, Wang JW .
Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing various niches of the human body.
J Infect 2016 Jun;72(6):698-705. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.03.015.
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Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Risk
Baker AW, Dicks KV, Durkin MJ
Epidemiology of surgical site infection in a community hospital network.
The researchers described the epidemiology of complex surgical site infection (SSI) following commonly performed surgical procedures in community hospitals and to characterize trends of SSI prevalence rates over time for MRSA and other common pathogens. They found that the prevalence of MRSA SSI decreased from 2008 to 2012. This decrease in MRSA SSI prevalence led to an overall decrease in SSI prevalence.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Baker AW, Dicks KV, Durkin MJ .
Epidemiology of surgical site infection in a community hospital network.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 May;37(5):519-26. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.13.
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Keywords: Surgery, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events, Risk, Hospitals
Popoola VO, Colantuoni E, Suwantarat N
Active surveillance cultures and decolonization to reduce staphylococcus aureus infections in the neonatal intensive care unit.
The researchers examined the impact of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) decolonization on the incidence of MSSA infection and to measure the prevalence of mupirocin resistance. They found that active surveillance cultures and decolonization may be effective in decreasing S. aureus infections in NICUs.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Popoola VO, Colantuoni E, Suwantarat N .
Active surveillance cultures and decolonization to reduce staphylococcus aureus infections in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Apr;37(4):381-7. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.316..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Newborns/Infants
Huang SS, Septimus E, Hayden MK
Effect of body surface decolonisation on bacteriuria and candiduria in intensive care units: an analysis of a cluster-randomised trial.
The researchers aimed to assess the effect of decolonization on bacteriuria and candiduria in patients admitted to ICUs. They concluded that universal decolonization of patients in the ICU with once a day chlorhexidine baths and short-course nasal mupirocin could be a potential preventive strategy in male patients because it significantly decreases candiduria and any bacteriuria, but not for women.
AHRQ-funded; 290201000008I; 29032007T.
Citation: Huang SS, Septimus E, Hayden MK .
Effect of body surface decolonisation on bacteriuria and candiduria in intensive care units: an analysis of a cluster-randomised trial.
Lancet Infect Dis 2016 Jan;16(1):70-9. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00238-8.
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Keywords: Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention
Russell D, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM
Routine use of contact precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus: Which way is the pendulum swinging?
This study assessed the state of utilization of contact precautions (CP) as well as adjunctive measures to reduce the risk of transmission for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in US hospitals. It found that the most widely used trigger for initiation of CP for both pathogens was positive clinical culture. Practices for discontinuation of isolation varied widely. Evidence-based guidelines regarding CP and horizontal interventions are needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS021188.
Citation: Russell D, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM .
Routine use of contact precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus: Which way is the pendulum swinging?
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Jan;37(1):36-40. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.246.
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Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Patient Safety