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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 12 of 12 Research Studies DisplayedWiese AD, Griffin MR, Zhu Y
Changes in empyema among U.S. children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era.
The authors assessed changes in the incidence of empyema hospitalizations among U.S. children after the PCV13 vaccine introduction. They found that although empyema hospitalization rates among U.S. children peaked after the PCV7 vaccine introduction, rates decreased substantially following the introduction of PCV13.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Wiese AD, Griffin MR, Zhu Y .
Changes in empyema among U.S. children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era.
Vaccine 2016 Dec 7;34(50):6243-49. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.062.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Vaccination
Bonafide CP, Brady PW, Daymont C
Physiologic monitor alarms for children: pushing the limits.
This editorial comments on an article by Goel, et al., (2017), published in the Journal of Hospital Medicine, entitled “Safety analysis of proposed data-driven physiologic alarm parameters for hospitalized children.”
AHRQ-funded; HS023827.
Citation: Bonafide CP, Brady PW, Daymont C .
Physiologic monitor alarms for children: pushing the limits.
J Hosp Med 2016 Dec;11(12):886-87. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2638..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Patient Safety
Thomson J, Hall M, Berry JG
Diagnostic testing and hospital outcomes of children with neurologic impairment and bacterial pneumonia.
This study assessed hospital-level variability in diagnostic testing and outcomes for children with neurologic impairment hospitalized with pneumonia. For children with neurologic impairment hospitalized with pneumonia, across hospital differences in diagnostic testing were not associated with clinically meaningful differences in outcomes. High-utilizing hospitals may be able to decrease diagnostic testing for children with neurologic impairment hospitalized with pneumonia without adversely impacting outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023092.
Citation: Thomson J, Hall M, Berry JG .
Diagnostic testing and hospital outcomes of children with neurologic impairment and bacterial pneumonia.
J Pediatr 2016 Nov;178:156-63.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.024.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Outcomes, Hospitalization
Leyenaar JK, Ralston SL, Shieh MS
Epidemiology of pediatric hospitalizations at general hospitals and freestanding children's hospitals in the United States.
Researchers described the volume and characteristics of pediatric hospitalizations at acute care general and freestanding children's hospitals in the United States. They found that, in 2012, more than 70 percent of pediatric hospitalizations occurred at general hospitals in the United States. Although the most common reasons for hospitalization were similar, the most costly conditions differed.
AHRQ-funded; HS024133.
Citation: Leyenaar JK, Ralston SL, Shieh MS .
Epidemiology of pediatric hospitalizations at general hospitals and freestanding children's hospitals in the United States.
J Hosp Med 2016 Nov;11(11):743-49. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2624.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Hospitals, Children/Adolescents
Zima BT, Rodean J, Hall M
Psychiatric disorders and trends in resource use in pediatric hospitals.
This study described recent, 10-year trends in pediatric hospital resource use with and without a psychiatric diagnosis and examine how these trends vary by type of psychiatric and medical diagnosis co-occurrence. It concluded that the 10-year rise in pediatric hospitalizations in US children's hospitals is 5 times greater for children with versus without a psychiatric diagnosis.
AHRQ-funded; HS023092.
Citation: Zima BT, Rodean J, Hall M .
Psychiatric disorders and trends in resource use in pediatric hospitals.
Pediatrics 2016 Nov;138(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-0909.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Hospitalization, Children/Adolescents
Wilkes JJ, Hennessy S, Xiao R
Volume-outcome relationships in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: association between hospital pediatric and pediatric oncology volume with mortality and intensive care resources during initial therapy.
Researchers investigated if inpatient hospital volume influences outcomes. The objective of their study was to evaluate the relationship between inpatient pediatric and pediatric oncology volume and mortality and intensive care resources (ICU care). It concluded that induction mortality was low and that there was no inverse relationship between volume and mortality or ICU care.
AHRQ-funded; HS023419.
Citation: Wilkes JJ, Hennessy S, Xiao R .
Volume-outcome relationships in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: association between hospital pediatric and pediatric oncology volume with mortality and intensive care resources during initial therapy.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2016 Jul;16(7):404-10.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.04.016.
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Keywords: Cancer, Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Mortality, Outcomes
Wiese AD, Grijalva CG, Zhu Y
Changes in childhood pneumonia hospitalizations by race and sex associated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the childhood immunization schedule was associated with decreases in all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations among black and white children in Tennessee, USA. Although racial disparities that existed before introduction of these vaccines have been substantially reduced, rates remain higher in boys than in girls among young children.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Wiese AD, Grijalva CG, Zhu Y .
Changes in childhood pneumonia hospitalizations by race and sex associated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
Emerg Infect Dis 2016 Jun;22(6). doi: 10.3201/eid2206.152023.
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Keywords: Hospitalization, Vaccination, Children/Adolescents, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Millman AJ, Finelli L, Bramley AM
Community-acquired pneumonia hospitalization among children with neurologic disorders.
The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and etiology of pneumonia among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with neurologic disorders, non-neurologic underlying conditions, and no underlying conditions. It found that children with neurologic disorders hospitalized with CAP were less likely to have a pathogen detected and more likely to be admitted to the ICU than children without neurologic disorders.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Millman AJ, Finelli L, Bramley AM .
Community-acquired pneumonia hospitalization among children with neurologic disorders.
J Pediatr 2016 Jun;173:188-95.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.049..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Outcomes, Hospitalization, Children/Adolescents
Peltz A, Wu CL, White ML
Characteristics of rural children admitted to pediatric hospitals.
The researchers assessed characteristics and hospitalizations of rural children admitted to US children's hospitals in 2012. They found that rural children more often resided in low-income ZIP codes and Health Professional Shortage Areas; they further noted that rural children had a higher prevalence of complex chronic conditions and medical technology assistance. Rural children also experienced higher inpatient costs and higher odds of 30-day readmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS023092.
Citation: Peltz A, Wu CL, White ML .
Characteristics of rural children admitted to pediatric hospitals.
Pediatrics 2016 May;137(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3156.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Children/Adolescents, Rural Health, Vulnerable Populations
Forster CS, Jerardi KE, Herbst L
Right test, wrong patient: biomarkers and value.
A 2-year-old girl with Pierre Robin sequence, a gastric tube, and a tracheostomy and ventilator was admitted to the hospital medicine service. The care delivered to this patient was not unsafe, and she did well. However, the value of care was almost certainly suboptimal. The continued emphasis on a single laboratory value (the procalcitonin test) rather than her clinical picture was the true driver behind the lower value of care delivered to this patient.
AHRQ-funded; HS023827.
Citation: Forster CS, Jerardi KE, Herbst L .
Right test, wrong patient: biomarkers and value.
Hosp Pediatr 2016 May;6(5):315-7. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2015-0199.
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Keywords: Quality of Care, Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Healthcare Delivery
Michelson KA, Monuteaux MC, Neuman MI
Variation and trends in anaphylaxis care in United States children's hospitals.
The authors sought to determine the extent of variation in treatment of children with anaphylaxis. They found that there is substantial variability in the use of common therapies and hospitalization rates for children cared for in U.S. children's hospitals, highlighting the need for research defining optimal care for anaphylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Michelson KA, Monuteaux MC, Neuman MI .
Variation and trends in anaphylaxis care in United States children's hospitals.
Acad Emerg Med 2016 May;23(5):623-7. doi: 10.1111/acem.12922.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Hospitals, Care Management, Hospitalization
Khan A, Furtak SL, Melvin P
Parent-reported errors and adverse events in hospitalized children.
The researchers sought to determine the frequency with which parents experience patient safety incidents and the proportion of reported incidents that meet standard definitions of medical errors and preventable adverse events (AEs). They found that parents frequently reported errors and preventable AEs, many of which were not otherwise documented in the medical record.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Khan A, Furtak SL, Melvin P .
Parent-reported errors and adverse events in hospitalized children.
JAMA Pediatr 2016 Apr 4;170(4):e154608. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4608..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Patient Safety, Adverse Events, Medical Errors