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- Health Literacy (2)
- Health Promotion (2)
- Heart Disease and Health (4)
- Hospital Discharge (1)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (10)
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- Maternal Care (3)
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- Research Methodologies (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (2)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
- Sleep Problems (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (2)
- Social Stigma (4)
- Substance Abuse (2)
- Teams (1)
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- Vulnerable Populations (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 40 Research Studies DisplayedCibrian FL, Monteiro E, Ankrah E
Parents' perspectives on a smartwatch intervention for children with ADHD: rapid deployment and feasibility evaluation of a pilot intervention to support distance learning during COVID-19.
This paper explores how smartwatch technology, including timing notifications, can support children with ADHD during distance learning due to COVID-19. The researchers used a Digital Health Intervention which included a smartwatch and a smartphone. Their results demonstrated that children successfully adopted the use of the smartwatch, and parents believed that the intervention was helpful, especially in supporting the development of organizational skills in their children. The authors included suggestions to help professionals teach children with ADHD to use smartwatches to improve organization and task completion, especially as it applies to supporting remote instruction.
AHRQ-funded; HS026058.
Citation: Cibrian FL, Monteiro E, Ankrah E .
Parents' perspectives on a smartwatch intervention for children with ADHD: rapid deployment and feasibility evaluation of a pilot intervention to support distance learning during COVID-19.
PLoS One 2021 Oct 27;16(10):e0258959. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258959..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Behavioral Health, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient Adherence/Compliance
Morrone KA, Manwani D, Cabana MD
Efficient clinical counseling for sickle cell disease.
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a chronic illness that requires frequent health care visits for preventative management. Aims of this overview were to review challenges faced in outpatient subspecialty medicine and describe evidence-based techniques for more effective communication for patients with sickle cell anemia.
AHRQ-funded; HS025297.
Citation: Morrone KA, Manwani D, Cabana MD .
Efficient clinical counseling for sickle cell disease.
J Natl Med Assoc 2021 Aug;113(4):382-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2021.01.006..
Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Chronic Conditions, Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Xu L, Xie D, Griffin KS
Objective adherence to dental device versus positive airway pressure treatment in adults with obstructive sleep apnea.
Although mandibular advancement device (MAD) treatment of adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generally less efficacious than positive airway pressure (PAP), the two treatments are associated, with similar clinical outcomes. As a sub-analysis of a randomized trial comparing the effect of MAD versus PAP on blood pressure, this study compared objectively measured adherence to MAD versus PAP treatment in adults with OSA.
AHRQ-funded; HS019738.
Citation: Xu L, Xie D, Griffin KS .
Objective adherence to dental device versus positive airway pressure treatment in adults with obstructive sleep apnea.
J Sleep Res 2021 Aug;30(4):e13240. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13240..
Keywords: Sleep Problems, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Treatments, Dental and Oral Health, Respiratory Conditions
Lopez-Olivo MA, des Bordes JK, Lin H
A randomized controlled trial comparing two self-administered educational strategies for patients with knee osteoarthritis.
The authors conducted a randomized clinical trial in patients with knee osteoarthritis to assess the efficacy of providing a video for entertainment education, in combination with two booklets, compared with providing the booklets alone. They found that, although both education strategies were associated with improved knowledge and reduced decisional conflict at 6 months, receiving the video + booklets in combination, compared with receiving the booklets alone, proved to be more effective in changing behaviors and appeared to have some advantages for Spanish speakers and those who were less educated.
AHRQ-funded; HS019354.
Citation: Lopez-Olivo MA, des Bordes JK, Lin H .
A randomized controlled trial comparing two self-administered educational strategies for patients with knee osteoarthritis.
ACR Open Rheumatol 2021 Mar;3(3):185-95. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11222..
Keywords: Arthritis, Orthopedics, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Patient Self-Management, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Decision Making, Health Promotion
Heneghan MB, Hussain T, Barrera L
Access to technology and preferences for an mHealth intervention to promote medication adherence in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: approach leveraging behavior change techniques.
This study’s objectives were to examine access to mobile technology and preferences for an mHealth intervention to improve medication adherence in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Parents of children with ALL as well as adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with ALL who received maintenance chemotherapy were given a cross-sectional survey. Findings showed that parents, adolescents, and AYAs reported ubiquitous access to mobile technology and strong interest in multiple adherence-specific mHealth app features. Parents and AYAs provided valuable insight into preferred features for a multifunctional behavioral intervention to promote medication adherence in pediatric ALL.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Heneghan MB, Hussain T, Barrera L .
Access to technology and preferences for an mHealth intervention to promote medication adherence in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: approach leveraging behavior change techniques.
J Med Internet Res 2021 Feb 18;23(2):e24893. doi: 10.2196/24893..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Caregiving, Cancer, Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Health Information Technology (HIT), Treatments
Snyder ME, Chewning B, Kreling D
An evaluation of the spread and scale of PatientToc™ from primary care to community pharmacy practice for the collection of patient-reported outcomes: a study protocol.
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), measuring adherence challenges pertaining to both remembering and intention to take medication, offer a rich data source for pharmacists and prescribers to use to resolve medication non-adherence. PatientToc™ is a PROs collection software developed to facilitate collection of PROs data from low-literacy and non-English speaking patients in Los Angeles. This study evaluated the spread and scale of PatientToc™ from primary care to community pharmacies for the collection and use of PROs data pertaining to medication adherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS025943.
Citation: Snyder ME, Chewning B, Kreling D .
An evaluation of the spread and scale of PatientToc™ from primary care to community pharmacy practice for the collection of patient-reported outcomes: a study protocol.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2021 Feb;17(2):466-74. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.019..
Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Primary Care, Provider: Pharmacist, Provider, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Hill SC, Abdus S
AHRQ Author: Hill SC Abdus S
The effects of Medicaid on access to care and adherence to recommended preventive services.
Using MEPS data, the authors sought to quantify the impact of Medicaid enrollment on access to care and adherence to recommended preventive services. They found that Medicaid enrollment decreased the probability of having unmet needs for medical care and of experiencing delays getting prescription drugs. Medicaid enrollment increased the probability of having a usual source of care, of having a routine checkup, and of having a flu shot in past year.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Hill SC, Abdus S .
The effects of Medicaid on access to care and adherence to recommended preventive services.
Health Serv Res 2021 Feb;56(1):84-94. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13603..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Medicaid, Access to Care, Prevention, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Oikonomidi T, Ravaud P, Cosson E
AHRQ Author: Montori V
Evaluation of patient willingness to adopt remote digital monitoring for diabetes management.
Investigators sought to identify the minimum effectiveness patients report they require to adopt 36 different remote digital monitoring (RDM) scenarios. Adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes living in 30 countries assessed three randomly selected scenarios from a total of 36 that described different combinations of digital monitoring tools. The investigators found that patients required greater health benefits to adopt more intrusive RDM modalities, food monitoring, and real-time feedback by a health care professional. They recommended that patient monitoring devices be designed to be minimally intrusive.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Oikonomidi T, Ravaud P, Cosson E .
Evaluation of patient willingness to adopt remote digital monitoring for diabetes management.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Jan;4(1):e2033115. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33115..
Keywords: Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Care Management, Patient Self-Management, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Parikh K, Perry K, Pantor C
Multidisciplinary engagement increases medications in-hand for patients hospitalized with asthma.
Asthma exacerbations in children are a leading cause of missed school days and health care use. Patients discharged from the hospital often do not fill discharge prescriptions and are at risk for future exacerbations. In this study, a multidisciplinary team aimed to increase the percentage of patients discharged from the hospital after an asthma exacerbation with their medications in-hand from 15% to 80%.
AHRQ-funded; HS024554.
Citation: Parikh K, Perry K, Pantor C .
Multidisciplinary engagement increases medications in-hand for patients hospitalized with asthma.
Pediatrics 2019 Dec;144(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-0674..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Teams, Hospital Discharge, Transitions of Care
Stringer KL, Marotta P, Baker E
Substance use stigma and antiretroviral therapy adherence among a drug-using population living with HIV.
Among people living with HIV (PLWH), HIV-related stigma predicts nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, the role of stigma associated with drug use is largely unknown. The this study the investigators examined the association between substance use (SU) stigma and optimal ART adherence in a sample of 172 self-reported HIV-infected drug users.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Stringer KL, Marotta P, Baker E .
Substance use stigma and antiretroviral therapy adherence among a drug-using population living with HIV.
AIDS Patient Care STDS 2019 Jun;33(6):282-93. doi: 10.1089/apc.2018.0311..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Social Stigma, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Substance Abuse
Goyal P, Gorodeski EZ, Marcum ZA
Cardiac rehabilitation to optimize medication regimens in heart failure.
This paper discusses the use of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) to optimize medication regimens for older adults with heart failure. Challenges in CR are discussed length and strategies were offered for leveraged CR.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Goyal P, Gorodeski EZ, Marcum ZA .
Cardiac rehabilitation to optimize medication regimens in heart failure.
Clin Geriatr Med 2019 Nov;35(4):549-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2019.06.001..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Rehabilitation, Medication, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Chronic Conditions
Cole AL, Jazowski SA, Dusetzina SB
Initiation of generic imatinib may improve medication adherence for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
Investigators compared adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) between patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who initiated branded or generic imatinib using MarketScan commercial claims data. They found that patients initiating generic imatinib achieved clinically significant improvements in adherence to TKI therapy relative to branded drug users, presumably due to lower out-of-pocket costs. Given the importance of optimal adherence in CML, considering barriers to adherence when selecting initial treatment may improve long-term medication adherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Cole AL, Jazowski SA, Dusetzina SB .
Initiation of generic imatinib may improve medication adherence for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2019 Nov;28(11):1529-33. doi: 10.1002/pds.4893..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Chronic Conditions, Cancer
Bassett SM, Schuette SA, O'Dwyer LC
Positive affect and medication adherence in chronic conditions: a systematic review.
This systematic evidence review was conducted to determine the current state of knowledge on the relationship between positive affect and medication adherence in persons living with chronic conditions. The review was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and Embase. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and examined the correlation in people living with HIV or cardiovascular conditions. The review further proved a link between positive affect and medication adherence for chronic conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Bassett SM, Schuette SA, O'Dwyer LC .
Positive affect and medication adherence in chronic conditions: a systematic review.
Health Psychol 2019 Nov;38(11):960-74. doi: 10.1037/hea0000778..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Chronic Conditions
Marcum ZA, Vasan S, Tom S
Self-reported barriers to medication use in older women: findings from the Women's Health Initiative.
This study examined barriers to medication use in older women, using self-reported data from the Women’s Health Initiative from 2005-2010. The prevalence of one or more barriers was measured for women taking chronic medication in these 3 target classes: antilipemics, antihypertensives, and oral hypoglycemic. Criteria also included that they took the medication for at least 1 month and then answered questions about barriers at year 4. Among older women, approximately 20% reported at least 1 barrier to medication use, and 7% reporting multiple barriers. Barriers including concerns about adverse effects, not liking to take medications, and medication costs. Women with multiple barriers were more likely to have at least one of these characteristics: a lower age, Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, or have a poorer quality of health overall.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Marcum ZA, Vasan S, Tom S .
Self-reported barriers to medication use in older women: findings from the Women's Health Initiative.
J Am Pharm Assoc 2019 Nov - Dec;59(6):842-47. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2019.07.003..
Keywords: Medication, Women, Elderly, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Cho H, Flynn G, Saylor M
Use of the FITT framework to understand patients' experiences using a real-time medication monitoring pill bottle linked to a mobile-based HIV self-management app: a qualitative study.
This study examined the usefulness of a mobile app linked to a real-time medication monitoring pill bottle that reminds HIV patients to take their medication. Thirty-eight randomized patients living with HIV who were aged 18 and older, owned a smartphone and were mostly medication-compliant were selected. The majority were African-American, had a high school education or less, and had a median income of less than $20,000. The Fit between Individuals, Task and Technology (FITT) framework was used to determine the fit between the individuals and the technology. Hindrances to the technology included: ease of use, HIV-related stigma and disclosure of HIV status, customized alert of medication time windows, and preference for device design.
AHRQ-funded; HS025071.
Citation: Cho H, Flynn G, Saylor M .
Use of the FITT framework to understand patients' experiences using a real-time medication monitoring pill bottle linked to a mobile-based HIV self-management app: a qualitative study.
Int J Med Inform 2019 Nov;131:103949. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.08.009..
Keywords: Patient Experience, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Patient Self-Management, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Fung VC, Overhage LN, Sylvia LG
Complex polypharmacy in bipolar disorder: side effect burden, adherence, and response predictors.
Investigators assessed the associations between complex polypharmacy (CP), adherence, and side effect burden, and patient traits associated with clinical improvement in relationship to CP in patients with bipolar disorder. They found that bipolar disorder patients with CP were less likely to adhere to therapy, and those with worse adherence to CP were less likely to clinically respond. They recommended that clinicians assess medication adherence prior to adding another agent to medication regimens.
AHRQ-funded; HS019371.
Citation: Fung VC, Overhage LN, Sylvia LG .
Complex polypharmacy in bipolar disorder: side effect burden, adherence, and response predictors.
J Affect Disord 2019 Oct 1;257:17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.050..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Behavioral Health, Chronic Conditions, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Jefferson UT, Zachary I, Majee W
Employing a user-centered design to engage mothers in the development of a mHealth breastfeeding application.
The Mother's Milk Connection mHealth application was designed to improve breastfeeding duration and access to support. This article describes a user-centered design process to engage mothers in the development of the Mother's Milk Connection application. Stakeholder and user engagement indicated the integration of four distinct features acceptable for use as a comprehensive mHealth intervention to improve access to breastfeeding support. Further, mHealth has the potential to be a useful strategy for providing breastfeeding support, and a clinical trial regarding the efficacy of the Mother's Milk Connection application is needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS022140.
Citation: Jefferson UT, Zachary I, Majee W .
Employing a user-centered design to engage mothers in the development of a mHealth breastfeeding application.
Comput Inform Nurs 2019 Oct;37(10):522-31. doi: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000549..
Keywords: Breast Feeding, Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Women, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient and Family Engagement, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Health Promotion, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Caregiving
Zhou J, Hodges JS, Suri MFK
A Bayesian hierarchical model estimating CACE in meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials with noncompliance.
Noncompliance to assigned treatment is a common challenge in analysis and interpretation of randomized clinical trials. The complier average causal effect (CACE) approach provides a useful tool for addressing noncompliance, where CACE is defined as the average difference in potential outcomes for the response in the subpopulation of subjects who comply with their assigned treatments. In this article, the investigators present a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the CACE in a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials where compliance may be heterogeneous between studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS024743.
Citation: Zhou J, Hodges JS, Suri MFK .
A Bayesian hierarchical model estimating CACE in meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials with noncompliance.
Biometrics 2019 Sep;75(3):978-87. doi: 10.1111/biom.13028..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Research Methodologies
Oates GR, Niranjan SJ, Ott C
Adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a qualitative exploration of patient perspectives on barriers and facilitators.
Adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is low. This qualitative study used the PRECEDE model to identify predisposing (intrapersonal), reinforcing (interpersonal), and enabling (structural) factors acting as barriers or facilitators of adherence to PR, and elicit recommendations for solutions from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The investigators concluded that health limitations, social support, transportation and financial difficulties, and program features impact ability of patients to attend PR.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Oates GR, Niranjan SJ, Ott C .
Adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a qualitative exploration of patient perspectives on barriers and facilitators.
J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2019 Sep;39(5):344-49. doi: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000436..
Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Rehabilitation, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Chronic Conditions
Fredericksen RJ, Yang FM, Gibbons LE
Development and content validation of measures assessing adherence barriers and behaviors for use in clinical care.
The authors developed brief, computer-administered patient-reported measures in English and Spanish assessing prescribed medication adherence behaviors and barriers for use with patients living with chronic diseases focusing on clinical relevance, brevity, and content validity for use in clinical care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation: Fredericksen RJ, Yang FM, Gibbons LE .
Development and content validation of measures assessing adherence barriers and behaviors for use in clinical care.
Res Social Adm Pharm 2019 Sep;15(9):1168-76. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.10.001..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Chronic Conditions, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Carter EB, Cahill AG, Olsen MA
Practical considerations with 17-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate for preterm birth prevention: does timing of initiation and compliance matter?
This study examined whether early initiation and compliance with use of 17-OHPC can reduce the risk of preterm birth (PTB) risk more than later medication initiation. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using MarketScan® data. Rates of PTB were compared for women with medication initiation at 16-21 weeks versus 21-29 weeks. Women with an early 17-OHPC start were less likely to delivery preterm than those with a later start. Less compliant patients also had a higher PTB rate.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Carter EB, Cahill AG, Olsen MA .
Practical considerations with 17-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate for preterm birth prevention: does timing of initiation and compliance matter?
J Perinatol 2019 Sep;39(9):1182-89. doi: 10.1038/s41372-019-0401-2..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, Women, Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance
Flory JH, Keating S, Guelce D
Overcoming barriers to the use of metformin: patient and provider perspectives.
Researcher undertook a qualitative study of barriers to metformin use from the patient and provider perspective. A purposive sampling of patients and providers in New York State were interviewed and 1259 charts manually reviewed. The researchers found that, although metformin is positively viewed by patients and providers, gastrointestinal side effects are a barrier to its use. They recommended clinical trial research on optimal dose, formulation, and counseling for new users.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Flory JH, Keating S, Guelce D .
Overcoming barriers to the use of metformin: patient and provider perspectives.
Patient Prefer Adherence 2019 Aug 22;13:1433-41. doi: 10.2147/ppa.S211614..
Keywords: Medication, Diabetes, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Patient Experience
Hill LM, Golin CE, Gottfredson NC
Drug use mediates the relationship between depressive symptoms and adherence to ART among recently incarcerated people living with HIV.
The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms involved with antiretroviral therapy (ART) non-adherence among people living with HIV (PLHIV) after release from prison. Results showed that, on average, study participants achieved 79% ART adherence. Greater symptoms of depression were associated with greater drug use, which was in turn associated with lower adherence. Lower adherence self-efficacy was associated with depressive symptoms, but not with adherence. Results suggested that depression screening and targeted mental health and substance use services for depressed individuals at risk of substance use constitute important steps to promote adherence to ART after prison release.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Hill LM, Golin CE, Gottfredson NC .
Drug use mediates the relationship between depressive symptoms and adherence to ART among recently incarcerated people living with HIV.
AIDS Behav 2019 Aug;23(8):2037-47. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2355-3..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Depression, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Substance Abuse, Vulnerable Populations
Lipira L, Williams EC, Huh D
HIV-related stigma and viral suppression among African-American women: exploring the mediating roles of depression and ART nonadherence.
Investigators recruited a sample of African-American women living with HIV to participate in a stigma-reduction intervention. The women lived in Chicago and Birmingham from 2013 to 2015. The relationship between HIV-related stigma and viral suppression was evaluated and the role of depression and nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) was assessed. Among 100 women who participated 95% reported some level of HIV-related stigma. Those who reported higher levels of stigma did have lower odds of being virally suppressed. The indirect effects of depression and ART nonadherence were not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Lipira L, Williams EC, Huh D .
HIV-related stigma and viral suppression among African-American women: exploring the mediating roles of depression and ART nonadherence.
AIDS Behav 2019 Aug;23(8):2025-36. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2301-4..
Keywords: Depression, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Medication, Behavioral Health, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Stigma, Women
Tajeu GS, Kent ST, Huang L
Antihypertensive medication nonpersistence and low adherence for adults <65 years initiating treatment in 2007-2014.
Previous evidence suggests modest improvements in antihypertensive medication adherence occurred from 2007 to 2012 among US adults >/=65 years of age. Whether adherence improved over time among adults <65 years of age is unknown. In this study, the investigators assessed trends in antihypertensive medication nonpersistence and low adherence among 379 658 commercially insured adults <65 years of age initiating treatment in 2007-2014 using MarketScan claims.
AHRQ-funded; HS024262; HS013852.
Citation: Tajeu GS, Kent ST, Huang L .
Antihypertensive medication nonpersistence and low adherence for adults <65 years initiating treatment in 2007-2014.
Hypertension 2019 Jul;74(1):35-46. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12495..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Cardiovascular Conditions