National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Access to Care (2)
- (-) Disparities (4)
- Elderly (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Kidney Disease and Health (2)
- Low-Income (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Outcomes (3)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (3)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Risk (1)
- (-) Sex Factors (4)
- Social Determinants of Health (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Transplantation (1)
- Trauma (2)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 4 of 4 Research Studies DisplayedPurnell TS, Luo X, Crews DC
Neighborhood poverty and sex differences in live donor kidney transplant outcomes in the United States.
Neighborhood poverty has been associated with worse outcomes after live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), and prior work suggests that women with kidney disease may be more susceptible to the negative influence of poverty than men. As such, our goal was to examine whether poverty differentially affects women in influencing LDKT outcomes. The investigators concluded that given their findings that poverty was more strongly associated with graft loss in women, targeted efforts are needed to specifically address mechanisms driving these disparities in LDKT outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS024600.
Citation: Purnell TS, Luo X, Crews DC .
Neighborhood poverty and sex differences in live donor kidney transplant outcomes in the United States.
Transplantation 2019 Oct;103(10):2183-89. doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002654.
.
.
Keywords: Transplantation, Kidney Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Disparities, Women, Sex Factors, Low-Income, Outcomes
Jarman MP, Pollack Porter K, Curriero FC
Factors mediating demographic determinants of injury mortality.
The authors investigated the role of injury characteristics and access to trauma care as mediators of the relationships between race, ethnicity, sex, and injury mortality. They found that distance, injury characteristics, and insurance mediate the effects of demographic characteristics on injury mortality and appear to contribute to disparities in injury mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Jarman MP, Pollack Porter K, Curriero FC .
Factors mediating demographic determinants of injury mortality.
Ann Epidemiol 2019 Jun;34:58-64.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.03.013..
Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Injuries and Wounds, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Social Determinants of Health, Trauma
Marcolini EG, Albrecht JS, Sethuraman KN
Gender disparities in trauma care: how sex determines treatment, behavior, and outcome.
This study used US and European trauma database statistics, including the National Trauma Databank, to examine sex disparities in trauma care. Their findings indicate that sex differences in risk-taking behaviors that lead to traumatic injury have been associated with males, with female menstrual cycle timing, and with cortisol levels. Differences in access to services at trauma centers, including triage or transfer and level of medical attention are associated with sex as well race, rural or urban location, and insurance status. Outcomes, such as in-hospital mortality, multiple organ failure, pneumonia, and sepsis are associated with sex disparities in the general trauma patient; outcomes after general trauma and specifically traumatic brain injury show mixed results.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560.
Citation: Marcolini EG, Albrecht JS, Sethuraman KN .
Gender disparities in trauma care: how sex determines treatment, behavior, and outcome.
Anesthesiol Clin 2019 Mar;37(1):107-17. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2018.09.007..
Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Injuries and Wounds, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Sex Factors, Trauma
Lee T, Qian J, Thamer M
Gender disparities in vascular access surgical outcomes in elderly hemodialysis patients.
In this study, the investigators assessed clinically relevant arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and arteriovenous grafts (AVG) surgical outcomes in elderly male and female patients initiating hemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC). The investigators concluded that while AVFs should be considered the preferred vascular access in most circumstances, clinical AVF surgical outcomes were uniformly worse in females. They suggest that clinicians should also consider AVGs as a viable alternative in elderly female patients initiating hemodialysis with a CVC to avoid extended CVC dependence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022931; HS021229.
Citation: Lee T, Qian J, Thamer M .
Gender disparities in vascular access surgical outcomes in elderly hemodialysis patients.
Am J Nephrol 2019;49(1):11-19. doi: 10.1159/000495261..
Keywords: Elderly, Sex Factors, Surgery, Kidney Disease and Health, Disparities, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research