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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedKing C, Cook R, Korthuis PT
Causes of death in the 12 months after hospital discharge among patients with opioid use disorder.
This study described causes of death in the year post-discharge among hospitalized patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). Data was analyzed from participants at least 18 years old with Medicaid insurance, who had a diagnosis of OUD during a general hospital admission in Oregon. Findings showed that hospitalized patients with OUD were at high risk of death, from drug and non-drug related causes, in the year after discharge. Recommendations included future research considering not only overdose, but a more comprehensive definition of drug-related death in understanding post-discharge mortality among hospitalized patients with OUD.
AHRQ-funded; HS026370.
Citation: King C, Cook R, Korthuis PT .
Causes of death in the 12 months after hospital discharge among patients with opioid use disorder.
J Addict Med 2022 Jul-Aug;16(4):466-69. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000915..
Keywords: Mortality, Hospital Discharge, Hospitals, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health
Auty SG, Griffith KN
Medicaid expansion and drug overdose mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
This study examined trends in overdose mortality nationally and by state Medicaid expansion status from 2013 to 2020. Using data from the CDC’s WONDER database, findings showed that the increase in drug or opioid overdose deaths experienced during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was similar in states with and without Medicaid expansion.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Auty SG, Griffith KN .
Medicaid expansion and drug overdose mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2022 Mar 1;232:109340. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109340..
Keywords: COVID-19, Medicaid, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Mortality, Public Health
Ching JH, Owens DK, Trafton JA
Impact of treatment duration on mortality among Veterans with opioid use disorder in the United States Veterans Health Administration.
This study used simulation of a Veterans Health Administration cohort to identify the opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment durations necessary for the elevated mortality risks during treatment transitions balanced by reductions in mortality while receiving medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with methadone or buprenorphine. A simulated cohort of 10,000 individuals with OUD was created by using parameters obtained through calibration and published meta-analyses of studies from North America, Europe, and Australia. Methadone treatment for 4 months or longer or buprenorphine for 2 months or longer resulted in 54 and 65 fewer deaths relative to not receiving MAT for the same duration. The authors estimated shorter treatment durations necessary to achieve net mortality benefits of 2 months or longer for methadone and 1 month or longer for buprenorphine. Necessary treatment increased more with smaller mortality reductions on treatment with larger relative risks during treatment transitions.
AHRQ-funded; HS027935; HS026128.
Citation: Ching JH, Owens DK, Trafton JA .
Impact of treatment duration on mortality among Veterans with opioid use disorder in the United States Veterans Health Administration.
Addiction 2021 Dec;116(12):3494-503. doi: 10.1111/add.15574.
AHRQ-funded; HS027935; HS026128..
AHRQ-funded; HS027935; HS026128..
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Mortality
Griffith KN, Feyman Y, Auty SG
Implications of county-level variation in U.S. opioid distribution.
Investigators used a novel dataset to investigate the distributional patterns of prescription opioids; whether opioid pill volume was associated with opioid-related mortality; and whether early state Medicaid expansions were associated with either pill volume or opioid-related mortality. Data on opioid shipments to retail pharmacies for 2006-2013 were obtained from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration and were mapped to opioid-related deaths (ORDs) from the CDC. The authors compared characteristics of counties in the highest and lowest quartiles for per capita pill volume (PCPV) to determine if they were associated with ORDs and whether early state Medicaid expansions were associated with either outcome. There were large geographic variations found in opioid distribution driven by differences in demographics, healthcare access, and healthcare supply. Early Medicaid expansion states were found to have reduced opioid pill volume. A one-pill increase in PCPV was associated with a 0.20 increase in ORDs per 100,000 population.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Griffith KN, Feyman Y, Auty SG .
Implications of county-level variation in U.S. opioid distribution.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2021 Feb 1;219:108501. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108501..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Mortality
Althoff KN, Leifheit KM, Park JN
Opioid-related overdose mortality in the era of fentanyl: monitoring a shifting epidemic by person, place, and time.
Investigators described US trends in opioid-related overdose mortality rates by race, age, urbanicity, and opioid type before and after the emergence of fentanyl. Using the CDC’s WONDER database, they found a disproportionate increase in opioid-related overdose deaths among urban non-Hispanic Black Americans and recommended interventions for this population in order to halt the increase in overdose deaths.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Althoff KN, Leifheit KM, Park JN .
Opioid-related overdose mortality in the era of fentanyl: monitoring a shifting epidemic by person, place, and time.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2020 Nov 1;216:108321. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108321..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
McClellan CB
Disparities in opioid related mortality between United States counties from 2000 to 2014.
This study examines disparities in opioid related mortality between United States counties from 2000 to 2014. Unfortunately, counties that had lower rates in 2000 had caught up by 2014. The authors suggest that prevention measures need to be broader in scope and be implemented in areas where the opioid crisis doesn’t seem as prevalent.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: McClellan CB .
Disparities in opioid related mortality between United States counties from 2000 to 2014.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2019 Apr 25;199:151-58. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.005..
Keywords: Disparities, Medication, Mortality, Opioids, Substance Abuse
Olfson M, Crystal S, Wall M
Causes of death after nonfatal opioid overdose.
The purpose of this study was to describe all-cause mortality rates, selected cause-specific mortality rates, and standardized mortality rate ratios (SMRs) of adults during their first year after nonfatal opioid overdose. In a US national cohort of adults who had experienced a nonfatal opioid overdose, a marked excess of deaths was attributable to a wide range of substance use-associated, mental health, and medical conditions, underscoring the importance of closely coordinating the substance use, mental health, and medical care of this patient population.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: Olfson M, Crystal S, Wall M .
Causes of death after nonfatal opioid overdose.
JAMA Psychiatry 2018 Aug;75(8):820-27. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1471..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Mortality, Opioids, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Substance Abuse
Olfson M, Wall M, Wang S
Service use preceding opioid-related fatality.
The authors analyzed health service patterns before opioid-related death among nonelderly individuals in the Medicaid program, focusing on decedents with and without past-year diagnoses of non-cancer chronic pain. They found that persons dying of opioid-related causes, particularly those who were diagnosed with chronic pain conditions, commonly received services related to drug use disorders and mental disorders in the last year of life, though opioid use disorder diagnoses near the time of death were rare.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: Olfson M, Wall M, Wang S .
Service use preceding opioid-related fatality.
Am J Psychiatry 2017 Jun;175(6):538-44. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17070808.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Opioids, Medicaid, Mortality, Substance Abuse
Gaither JR, Goulet JL, Becker WC
The effect of substance use disorders on the association between guideline-concordant long-term opioid therapy and all-cause mortality.
The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of a substance use disorder (SUD) modifies the association between guideline-concordant care and 1-year all-cause mortality among patients receiving long-term opioid therapy (LtOT) for pain. It found that for clinicians prescribing LtOT to patients with untreated SUDs, engaging patients with psychotherapeutic and SUD treatment services may reduce mortality.
AHRQ-funded; U19 HS021112.
Citation: Gaither JR, Goulet JL, Becker WC .
The effect of substance use disorders on the association between guideline-concordant long-term opioid therapy and all-cause mortality.
J Addict Med 2016 Nov/Dec;10(6):418-28. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000255.
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Keywords: Care Management, Medication, Mortality, Substance Abuse, Opioids, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Gaither JR, Goulet JL, Becker WC
The association between receipt of guideline-concordant long-term opioid therapy and all-cause mortality.
The researchers' objective was to determine the association between receipt of guideline-concordant long-term opioid therapy (LtOT) and 1-year all-cause mortality. They found no association between all-cause mortality and primary care visits or urine drug testing and recommended that providers use caution in initiating LtOT in conjunction with benzodiazepines and untreated substance use disorders.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: Gaither JR, Goulet JL, Becker WC .
The association between receipt of guideline-concordant long-term opioid therapy and all-cause mortality.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 May;31(5):492-501. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3571-4.
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Keywords: Guidelines, Mortality, Opioids, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Substance Abuse
