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- (-) Cancer (5)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedStrayer TE, Spalluto LB, Burns A
Using the framework for reporting adaptations and modifications-expanded (frame) to study adaptations in lung cancer screening delivery in the Veterans Health Administration: a cohort study.
The purpose of this study was to apply the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Expanded (FRAME) to study adaptations in lung cancer screening delivery processes in a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Initiative. Between 2019 and 2021 the researchers prospectively administered semi-structured interviews with lung cancer screening program navigators at 10 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs). Baseline process maps were developed for each program, and each program navigator reviewed process maps in subsequent years 1 and 2. Researchers then identified, documented, and mapped adaptations in screening processes to the FRAME categories. 16 interviews were conducted across 10 VHA lung cancer screening programs, with 6 of these being operational, and of those 3 reported adaptations to their screening processes that were planned or in response to COVID-19. In year 2 all 10 programs were operational and eligible. Programs reported 14 adaptations in year 2. The adaptations identified were both planned and unplanned and often prompted by increased workload; 57% of year 2 adaptations were associated with the identification and eligibility of Veterans and 43% were associated with follow-up with Veterans for screening results. During the 2 years, adaptations associated with data management and patient tracking took place in 60% of programs to improve the data collection and tracking of Veterans in the screening process. The study concluded that adaptations took place predominantly in the categories of patient identification and communication of results due to increased workload.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122; HS026395.
Citation: Strayer TE, Spalluto LB, Burns A .
Using the framework for reporting adaptations and modifications-expanded (frame) to study adaptations in lung cancer screening delivery in the Veterans Health Administration: a cohort study.
Implement Sci Commun 2023 Jan 12; 4(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s43058-022-00388-x..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Learning Health Systems
Danan ER, Brunner J, Bergman A
The relationship between sexual assault history and cervical cancer screening completion among women veterans in the Veterans Health Administration.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a history of sexual assault in women Veterans is associated with decreased cervical cancer screening completion. The researchers analyzed data from a 2015 survey of 1049 women Veterans who accessed primary care services at 12 Veterans health administration facilities (VA’s) in nine states, and linked responses with electronic health data from the VA system. Fifty-seven percent (616) of women Veterans reported lifetime sexual assault, and those who did so had a greater likelihood of reporting a high level of distress associated with pelvic examinations and delaying a gynecologic exam due to distress. However, in the final adjusted model, there was not a significant association between lifetime sexual assault and reduced odds of cervical cancer screening completion. The study concluded that there was no significant association between sexual assault and gaps in cervical cancer screening completion.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Danan ER, Brunner J, Bergman A .
The relationship between sexual assault history and cervical cancer screening completion among women veterans in the Veterans Health Administration.
J Womens Health 2022 Jul;31(7):1040-47. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0237.AHRQ-funded; HS026379..
Keywords: Women, Cancer: Cervical Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Trauma
Schuttner L, Haraldsson B, Maynard C
Factors associated with low-value cancer screenings in the Veterans Health Administration.
Most clinical practice guidelines recommend stopping cancer screenings when risks exceed benefits, yet low-value screenings persist. The Veterans Health Administration focuses on improving the value and quality of care, using a patient-centered medical home model that may affect cancer screening behavior. The objective of this study was to understand rates and factors associated with outpatient low-value cancer screenings.
AHRQ-funded; HS026369.
Citation: Schuttner L, Haraldsson B, Maynard C .
Factors associated with low-value cancer screenings in the Veterans Health Administration.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Oct;4(10):e2130581. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30581..
Keywords: Screening, Cancer
Spalluto LB, Lewis JA, Stolldorf D
Organizational readiness for lung cancer screening: a cross-sectional evaluation at a Veterans Affairs medical center.
Lung cancer has the highest cancer-related mortality in the United States and among Veterans. Screening of high-risk individuals with low-dose CT (LDCT) can improve survival through detection of early-stage lung cancer. Organizational factors that aid or impede implementation of this evidence-based practice in diverse populations are not well described. In this study, the investigators evaluated organizational readiness for change and change valence (belief that change is beneficial and valuable) for implementation of LDCT screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Spalluto LB, Lewis JA, Stolldorf D .
Organizational readiness for lung cancer screening: a cross-sectional evaluation at a Veterans Affairs medical center.
J Am Coll Radiol 2021 Jun;18(6):809-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.12.010..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Implementation, Organizational Change
Danan ER, White KM, Wilt TJ
Reactions to recommendations and evidence about prostate cancer screening among White and Black male veterans.
This study looked at differences in attitudes about recommendations and evidence on prostate cancer screening among White and Black male veterans. The authors provided a draft educational pamphlet about the benefits and harms of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening to 44 men, ages 55-81 at a midwestern VA medical center in 2013 and 2015. The groups were divided into four White and two Black focus groups. Three universal themes were low baseline familiarity with prostate cancer, surprise and resistance to the guidelines not to test routinely, and negative emotions in response to ambiguity. Discussions in the White groups highlighted the potential benefits of screening, minimized the harms, and emphasized personal choice in screening decisions. Discussions in Black groups devoted almost no time to benefits, considered harms significant, and emphasized personal and collective responsibility for cancer prevention through diet, exercise, and alternative medicine. Discussion in Black groups also emphasized the history of racism and discrimination in healthcare and medical research.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Danan ER, White KM, Wilt TJ .
Reactions to recommendations and evidence about prostate cancer screening among White and Black male veterans.
Am J Mens Health 2021 May-Jun;15(3):15579883211022110. doi: 10.1177/15579883211022110..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Education: Patient and Caregiver