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Topics
- Anxiety (1)
- Behavioral Health (3)
- Cancer (1)
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- Children/Adolescents (5)
- Clinician-Patient Communication (1)
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- Education: Patient and Caregiver (1)
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- (-) Risk (9)
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- Women (2)
- (-) Young Adults (9)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 9 of 9 Research Studies DisplayedGreenzang KA, Fasciano KM, Block SD
Early information needs of adolescents and young adults about late effects of cancer treatment.
This study evaluated the importance, quality, and implications of information about late effects in adolescents and young adults (AYA) recently diagnosed with cancer. Surveying AYAs with cancer who were 15 to 29 years old and were treated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, researchers found that most AYAs with cancer value early information about the risks of late effects and infertility, yet many patients felt that they had not received high-quality information about these topics. They recommended the development of age-appropriate late-effect communication strategies that recognize high AYA distress to address the gap between desired information and perceived information quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Greenzang KA, Fasciano KM, Block SD .
Early information needs of adolescents and young adults about late effects of cancer treatment.
Cancer 2020 Jul 15;126(14):3281-88. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32932..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Cancer, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Risk
Bushnell GA, Gerhard T, Crystal S
Benzodiazepine treatment and fracture risk in young persons with anxiety disorders.
This study examined whether benzodiazepine treatment increases fall and fracture risk in young persons as it has been shown to do in older adults. They examined whether children (6-17 years) and young adults (18-24) recently diagnosed with anxiety disorder had an increased fracture risk. A cohort of commercially insured children and young adults who had initiated use of benzodiazepine or SSRIs were followed for 3 months, or until fracture, treatment discontinuation or switching or disenrollment occurred. The cohort consisted of 120,715 children and 179,768 young adults. There was an increased fracture rate found in children, but not young adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS026001.
Citation: Bushnell GA, Gerhard T, Crystal S .
Benzodiazepine treatment and fracture risk in young persons with anxiety disorders.
Pediatrics 2020 Jul;146(1):e20193478. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3478..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Medication, Falls, Injuries and Wounds, Risk, Anxiety, Behavioral Health
Hill LM, Maseko B, Chagomerana M
HIV risk, risk perception, and PrEP interest among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi: operationalizing the PrEP cascade.
The objective of this study was to understand the level of interest in oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) at highest HIV risk and the potential role of perceived risk in motivating PrEP interest. Findings highlighted key relationships between epidemiologic HIV risk, risk perception, and interest in PrEP. The high number of participants with risk scores below the high-risk cutoff who both expressed high perceived risk and interest in PrEP suggested that the demand for PrEP among AGYW may not be well-aligned with epidemiologic risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Hill LM, Maseko B, Chagomerana M .
HIV risk, risk perception, and PrEP interest among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi: operationalizing the PrEP cascade.
J Int AIDS Soc 2020 Jun;23 Suppl 3:e25502. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25502..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Risk, Prevention, Women, Children/Adolescents, Young Adults
Oates GR, Juarez LD, Hansen B
Social risk factors for medication nonadherence: findings from the CARDIA study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effect of social risk factors on medication nonadherence. Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, the results showed that low income and chronic stress are associated with medication nonadherence, and that the odds of nonadherence increase with the accumulation of social risk factors. These findings may assist with developing risk prediction tools to identify individuals who can benefit from adherence-promoting interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Oates GR, Juarez LD, Hansen B .
Social risk factors for medication nonadherence: findings from the CARDIA study.
Am J Health Behav 2020 Mar 1;44(2):232-43. doi: 10.5993/ajhb.44.2.10..
Keywords: Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Risk, Young Adults, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Kass AE
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset.
This study examined short-term reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid symptoms and behaviors over the course of 24 months using cross-lagged panel models. Subjects were women 18-25 years old at high risk for onset of an eating disorder (ED), randomized to an online ED preventive intervention or waitlist control. Results supported focusing intervention on reducing weight/shape concern over reducing comorbid constructs for efficient short-term change.
AHRQ-funded; HS00078.
Citation: Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Kass AE .
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset.
Eat Weight Disord 2019 Dec;24(6):1189-98. doi: 10.1007/s40519-017-0469-7..
Keywords: Obesity, Obesity: Weight Management, Women, Risk, Behavioral Health, Young Adults
Skaathun B, Voisin DR, Cornwell B
A longitudinal examination of factors associated with network bridging among YMSM: implications for HIV prevention.
In this study, the investigators examined the link between social-environmental factors, network composition and HIV risk among a city-population based sample of young Black men who have sex with Men (YBMSM). The investigators found that bridging (i.e. having non-redundant contacts in one's network, indicating network instability) was associated with adverse social-environmental factors and higher HIV risk, indicating that bridging may be on the explanatory pathway.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Skaathun B, Voisin DR, Cornwell B .
A longitudinal examination of factors associated with network bridging among YMSM: implications for HIV prevention.
AIDS Behav 2019 May;23(5):1326-38. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2258-3..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Young Adults, Risk, Sexual Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Doupnik SK, Lawlor J, Zima BT
Mental health conditions and unplanned hospital readmissions in children.
Mental health conditions (MHCs) are prevalent among hospitalized children and could influence the success of hospital discharge. The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between MHCs and 30-day readmissions. The investigators concluded that MHCs were associated with a higher likelihood of hospital readmission in children admitted for medical conditions and procedures. They suggest that understanding the influence of MHCs on readmissions could guide strategic planning to reduce unplanned readmissions for children with co-occurring physical and mental health conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023292.
Citation: Doupnik SK, Lawlor J, Zima BT .
Mental health conditions and unplanned hospital readmissions in children.
J Hosp Med 2018 Jul;13(7):445-52. doi: 10.12788/jhm.2910..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospital Discharge, Hospital Readmissions, Hospitalization, Risk, Young Adults
Olfson M, Wall M, Wang S
Suicide after deliberate self-harm in adolescents and young adults.
This study’s objective was to identify risk factors for repeated nonfatal self-harm and suicide death among adolescents and young adults, using a national cohort of patients in the Medicaid program who were followed for up to 1 year after initial self-harm. Data on cause of death was obtained from the National Death Index. The results of the study indicated that adolescents and young adults showed a markedly elevated risk of suicide after nonfatal self-harm. The 12-month suicide standardized mortality rate ratio after self-harm was significantly higher for adolescents than young adults. Hazards of suicide after self-harm were also higher for American Indians and Alaskan natives than for non-Hispanic white patients and for those self-harm patients who initially used violent methods, particularly firearms. The authors conclude that these results underscore the importance of follow-up care to help ensure the safety of self-harm patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: Olfson M, Wall M, Wang S .
Suicide after deliberate self-harm in adolescents and young adults.
Pediatrics 2018 Apr;141(4). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3517..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Medicaid, Behavioral Health, Risk, Young Adults
Macmadu A, Carroll JJ, Hadland SE
Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Researchers examined risk factors for exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin (FCH) and experiences with FCH use among young adult non-medical prescription opioids (NMPO) users. Several drug use patterns and risk behaviors were associated with FCH exposure, including: regular heroin and cocaine use; diverted pharmaceutical fentanyl use in the prior six months; NMPO use to avoid withdrawal symptoms; regular injection drug use; and prior overdose.
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Macmadu A, Carroll JJ, Hadland SE .
Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Addict Behav 2017 May;68:35-38. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.014.
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Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Risk, Substance Abuse, Young Adults