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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (1)
- Behavioral Health (3)
- Blood Clots (1)
- Blood Thinners (3)
- Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Case Study (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (5)
- Data (1)
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- Diabetes (1)
- Elderly (1)
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- Health Services Research (HSR) (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
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- (-) Medication (20)
- Medication: Safety (2)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (2)
- Patient Safety (1)
- Primary Care (1)
- (-) Research Methodologies (20)
- Risk (1)
- Stroke (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 20 of 20 Research Studies DisplayedShmuel S, Leonard CE, Bykov K
Breaking research silos and stimulating "innovation at the edges" in epidemiology.
The authors discuss the importance of promoting an exchange of ideas across seemingly disparate epidemiologic subdisciplines. This exchange could lead to opportunities to learn from and to merge knowledge across subdisciplines, as well as promote "innovation at the edges." The authors also outline specific steps to promote such innovation at the researcher, institution, and professional society level.
AHRQ-funded; HS027623.
Citation: Shmuel S, Leonard CE, Bykov K .
Breaking research silos and stimulating "innovation at the edges" in epidemiology.
Am J Epidemiol 2023 Feb 24;192(3):323-27. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwac192.
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies, Medication
Anzuoni K, Field TS, Mazor KM
Recruitment challenges for low-risk health system intervention trials in older adults: a case study.
Researchers assessed factors associated with trial participation in the context of a low-risk intervention intended to reduce adverse drug events in recently hospitalized older adults. They found that recruiting older adults recently discharged from the hospital to participate in trials of low-risk, system-level interventions was challenging and may under-enroll the oldest individuals and those potentially at the highest risk for adverse events, limiting generalizability of study findings.
AHRQ-funded; HS023774.
Citation: Anzuoni K, Field TS, Mazor KM .
Recruitment challenges for low-risk health system intervention trials in older adults: a case study.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2020 Nov;68(11):2558-64. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16696..
Keywords: Elderly, Case Study, Research Methodologies, Health Services Research (HSR), Medication
Utter GH, Dhillon TS, Danielsen BH
Use of statewide administrative data to assess clinical outcomes: a retrospective cohort study of therapeutic anticoagulation for isolated calf vein thrombosis.
Single-center comparative effectiveness studies evaluating outcomes that can occur posthospitalization may become biased if outcomes diagnosed at other facilities are not ascertained. Administrative datasets that link patients' records across facilities may improve outcome ascertainment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether use of linked administrative data significantly augmented thromboembolic outcome ascertainment. The investigators concluded that use of linked hospital administrative data augmented detection of outcomes but imperfect linkage, nonspecific diagnoses, and documentation/coding errors introduced uncertainty regarding the accuracy of outcome ascertainment.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Utter GH, Dhillon TS, Danielsen BH .
Use of statewide administrative data to assess clinical outcomes: a retrospective cohort study of therapeutic anticoagulation for isolated calf vein thrombosis.
Med Care 2020 Jul;58(7):658-62. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001347.
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Keywords: Blood Clots, Blood Thinners, Medication, Research Methodologies, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Wang L, Rouse B, Marks-Anglin A
Rapid network meta-analysis using data from Food and Drug Administration approval packages is feasible but with limitations.
The purpose of this study was to test rapid approaches that use Drugs@FDA (a public database of approved drugs) and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify trials and to compare these two sources with bibliographic databases as an evidence base for a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). The investigators concluded that a rapid NMA approach using data from Drugs@FDA was feasible but had its own limitations. They asserted that reporting of trial design and results can be improved in both the drug approval packages and on ClinicalTrials.gov.
AHRQ-funded; HS024788.
Citation: Wang L, Rouse B, Marks-Anglin A .
Rapid network meta-analysis using data from Food and Drug Administration approval packages is feasible but with limitations.
J Clin Epidemiol 2019 Oct;114:84-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.06.010..
Keywords: Medication, Research Methodologies, Evidence-Based Practice
Desai RJ, Wyss R, Abdia Y
Evaluating the use of bootstrapping in cohort studies conducted with 1:1 propensity score matching - a plasmode simulation study.
Bootstrapping can account for uncertainty in propensity score (PS) estimation and matching processes in 1:1 PS-matched cohort studies. While theory suggests that the classical bootstrap can fail to produce proper coverage, practical impact of this theoretical limitation in settings typical to pharmacoepidemiology is not well studied. In a plasmode-based simulation study, the investigators compared performance of the standard parametric approach, which ignores uncertainty in PS estimation and matching, with two bootstrapping methods.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Desai RJ, Wyss R, Abdia Y .
Evaluating the use of bootstrapping in cohort studies conducted with 1:1 propensity score matching - a plasmode simulation study.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2019 Jun;28(6):879-86. doi: 10.1002/pds.4784..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication
Dunn AG, Orenstein L, Coiera E
The timing and frequency of trial inclusion in systematic reviews of type 2 diabetes drugs was associated with trial characteristics.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether certain trial characteristics are associated with faster or more frequent inclusion in systematic reviews for drug interventions in type 2 diabetes. Results showed that time to inclusion was shorter for trials with industry funding, more participants, and published in higher impact factor journals, while frequency of inclusion was greater for trials with industry funding, more participants, positive conclusions, and published in higher impact factor journals.
AHRQ-funded; HS024798.
Citation: Dunn AG, Orenstein L, Coiera E .
The timing and frequency of trial inclusion in systematic reviews of type 2 diabetes drugs was associated with trial characteristics.
J Clin Epidemiol 2019 May;109:62-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.01.009..
Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Research Methodologies
Desai K, Carroll I, Asch S
Extremely large outlier treatment effects may be a footprint of bias in trials from less developed countries: randomized trials of gabapentinoids.
This meta-analyses looked at extremely large outlier treatment effects for clinical trials of gabapentinoids conducted in less developed countries. Researchers identified 10 meta-analyses that showed statistically significant favorable findings. In four meta-analyses, heterogeneity estimates exceeded 90% for postoperative pain. Those 4 meta-analyses showed 39 out of 77 studies with extremely favorable results and out of those 39, 33 were conducted in less developed countries with no tradition of favorable research, 22 reported no information on funding, and 20 reported no conflicts of interest. Conversely, 27 of 38 studies with unfavorable results came from developed countries.
AHRQ-funded; HS024096.
Citation: Desai K, Carroll I, Asch S .
Extremely large outlier treatment effects may be a footprint of bias in trials from less developed countries: randomized trials of gabapentinoids.
J Clin Epidemiol 2019 Feb;106:80-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.10.012..
Keywords: Medication, Research Methodologies
Desai RJ, Wyss R, Jin Y
Extension of disease risk score-based confounding adjustments for multiple outcomes of interest: an empirical evaluation.
Use of disease risk score (DRS)-based confounding adjustment when estimating treatment effects on multiple outcomes is not well studied. In this empirical cohort study, the investigators compared dabigatran initiators and warfarin initiators with respect to risks of ischemic stroke and major bleeding in 12 sequential monitoring periods (90 days each), using data from the Truven Marketscan database (Truven Health Analytics, Ann Arbor, Michigan).
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Desai RJ, Wyss R, Jin Y .
Extension of disease risk score-based confounding adjustments for multiple outcomes of interest: an empirical evaluation.
Am J Epidemiol 2018 Nov;187(11):2439-48. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy130.
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Keywords: Blood Thinners, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Outcomes, Research Methodologies, Risk, Stroke
Wang SV, Maro JC, Baro E
Data mining for adverse drug events with a propensity score-matched tree-based scan statistic.
In this study, the investigators propose a method that combines tree-based scan statistics with propensity score-matched analysis of new initiator cohorts, a robust design for investigations of drug safety. They subsequently conducted plasmode simulations to evaluate performance. The authors suggest that TreeScan with propensity score matching shows promise as a method for screening and prioritization of potential adverse events.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Wang SV, Maro JC, Baro E .
Data mining for adverse drug events with a propensity score-matched tree-based scan statistic.
Epidemiology 2018 Nov;29(6):895-903. doi: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000907..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Patient Safety, Medication, Medication: Safety, Data, Research Methodologies
Crossley JR, Tan TP, Smith KH
Review of clinical trial settings of drugs commonly used in primary care and approved between 2005 and 2012.
This study examined where clinical trial settings are conducted for drugs commonly used in primary care that were approved by the FDA between 2005 and 2012. The majority of clinical trials did not specify if the trials were conducted at a primary care facility or a specialist, however, of the principal investigators (PIs) the vast majority were specialty physicians. The authors believe that more adverse drug events would occur in clinical trials taking place at specialist offices due to more patients with comorbidities going there for treatment. An initiative called the FDA Drug Trials Snapshots was cited as a way to provide more demographic information of trial participants.
AHRQ-funded; HS022882.
Citation: Crossley JR, Tan TP, Smith KH .
Review of clinical trial settings of drugs commonly used in primary care and approved between 2005 and 2012.
J Gen Intern Med 2018 Sep;33(9):1431-32. doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4486-7..
Keywords: Medication, Primary Care, Research Methodologies
Cosgrove L, Krimsky S, Wheeler EE
Conflict of interest policies and industry relationships of guideline development group members: A cross-sectional study of clinical practice guidelines for depression.
The purpose of the present study was to assess a) the disclosure requirements of guideline development groups in a cross-section of guidelines for major depression; and, b) the extent and type of conflicts of panel members. It found that most of the guidelines were developed by panels that had members with industry financial ties to drug companies that manufacture antidepressant medication.
AHRQ-funded; HS022940.
Citation: Cosgrove L, Krimsky S, Wheeler EE .
Conflict of interest policies and industry relationships of guideline development group members: A cross-sectional study of clinical practice guidelines for depression.
Account Res 2017;24(2):99-115. doi: 10.1080/08989621.2016.1251319.
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Keywords: Medication, Depression, Guidelines, Behavioral Health, Research Methodologies
Wang WJ, Robertson JC, Basu A
Burden of illness and research investments in translational sciences for pharmaceuticals in metastatic cancers.
This study explored whether investments in translational sciences for six metastatic cancers follow idiosyncratic returns to those investments rather than levels of burden of illness (BI). It concluded that investments in trials were positively associated only with contemporary changes in BI (2008-2014). The relationship was stronger for government-sponsored comparative-effectiveness trials than for industry.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: Wang WJ, Robertson JC, Basu A .
Burden of illness and research investments in translational sciences for pharmaceuticals in metastatic cancers.
J Comp Eff Res 2017 Jan;6(1):15-24. doi: 10.2217/cer-2016-0021.
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Keywords: Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Research Methodologies
Hallas J, Pottegard A, Wang S
Persistent user bias in case-crossover studies in pharmacoepidemiology.
The authors aimed to assess the occurrence of an upward-biased odds ratio of studying chronic medication exposure and to evaluate whether it is remedied by including a control group. They found that, in case-crossover studies of medications, contamination by persistent users confers a moderate bias upward, which is partly remedied by using a control group.
AHRQ-funded; HS022193.
Citation: Hallas J, Pottegard A, Wang S .
Persistent user bias in case-crossover studies in pharmacoepidemiology.
Am J Epidemiol 2016 Nov 15;184(10):761-69. doi: 10.1093/aje/kww079.
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Keywords: Medication, Research Methodologies
Goedken AM, Lund BC, Cook EA
Application of a framework for determining number of drugs.
The purpose of the study was to propose a framework and illustrate how that framework can be used to create and succinctly describe various approaches to counting the number of drugs used by patients and to examine the impact of varying individual components of the framework on the resulting drug count.
AHRQ-funded; HS018381.
Citation: Goedken AM, Lund BC, Cook EA .
Application of a framework for determining number of drugs.
BMC Res Notes 2016 May 13;9:272. doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-2076-5.
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Keywords: Medication, Research Methodologies, Heart Disease and Health, Medicare
Kahwati L, Viswanathan M, Golin CE
Identifying configurations of behavior change techniques in effective medication adherence interventions: a qualitative comparative analysis.
The researchers aimed to extend the results from an existing systematic review of interventions to improve medication adherence by using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to identify necessary or sufficient configurations of behavior change techniques among effective interventions. They were able to identify seven configurations of behavior change techniques sufficient for improving adherence, which together accounted for 26 (76 percent) of the effective studies.
AHRQ-funded; HS022563.
Citation: Kahwati L, Viswanathan M, Golin CE .
Identifying configurations of behavior change techniques in effective medication adherence interventions: a qualitative comparative analysis.
Syst Rev 2016 May 4;5:83. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0255-z.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health
Kahwati L, Jacobs S, Kane H
Using qualitative comparative analysis in a systematic review of a complex intervention.
The objective of this study was to describe in detail and examine the suitability of using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) within the context of a systematic review. It concluded that QCA was suitable for use within a systematic review of medication adherence interventions and offered insights beyond the single dimension stratifications used in the original completed review.
AHRQ-funded; HS022563.
Citation: Kahwati L, Jacobs S, Kane H .
Using qualitative comparative analysis in a systematic review of a complex intervention.
Syst Rev 2016 May 4;5:82. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0256-y.
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Keywords: Medication, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health
Wong AF, Pielmeier U, Haug PJ
An in silico method to identify computer-based protocols worthy of clinical study: an insulin infusion protocol use case.
In this paper, the authors compared two existing computer-based insulin infusion protocols: eProtocol-insulin from Utah, USA, and Glucosafe from Denmark. They concluded that preclinical in silico comparison analytical framework allows rapid and inexpensive identification of computer-based protocol care strategies that justify expensive and burdensome clinical trials.
AHRQ-funded; HS006594.
Citation: Wong AF, Pielmeier U, Haug PJ .
An in silico method to identify computer-based protocols worthy of clinical study: an insulin infusion protocol use case.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2016 Mar;23(2):283-8. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocv067.
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Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Medication, Research Methodologies
Hennessy S, Leonard CE, Gagne JJ
Pharmacoepidemiologic methods for studying the health effects of drug-drug interactions.
A drug-drug interaction (DDI) occurs when one or more drugs affect the pharmacokinetics (the body's effect on the drug) and/or pharmacodynamics (the drug's effect on the body) of one or more other drugs. This article discusses aspects of pharmacoepidemiologic research designs that are particularly salient to the design and interpretation of pharmacoepidemiologic studies of DDIs.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898; HS023122.
Citation: Hennessy S, Leonard CE, Gagne JJ .
Pharmacoepidemiologic methods for studying the health effects of drug-drug interactions.
Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016 Jan;99(1):92-100. doi: 10.1002/cpt.277..
Keywords: Medication: Safety, Research Methodologies, Medication
Wyss R, Ellis AR, Brookhart MA
Matching on the disease risk score in comparative effectiveness research of new treatments.
The researchers used simulations and an empirical example to evaluate the performance of disease risk score (DRS) matching compared with propensity score (PS) matching when controlling large numbers of covariates in settings involving newly introduced treatments. When PS distributions are separated, DRS matching can improve the precision of effect estimates and allow researchers to evaluate the treatment effect in a larger proportion of the treated population.
AHRQ-funded; HS017950.
Citation: Wyss R, Ellis AR, Brookhart MA .
Matching on the disease risk score in comparative effectiveness research of new treatments.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015 Sep;24(9):951-61. doi: 10.1002/pds.3810.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Research Methodologies, Blood Thinners, Medication
Camp KM, Parisi MA, Acosta PB
AHRQ Author: Chang CS
Phenylketonuria Scientific Review Conference: state of the science and future research needs.
An NIH State-of-the-Science Conference was convened in 2012 to address new findings, particularly the use of the medication sapropterin to treat some individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), and to develop a research agenda. An AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Center conducted a systematic review of adjuvant treatments for PKU and presented its conclusions at the conference. New drugs that are safe, efficacious, and impact a larger proportion of individuals with PKU are needed. The identification of a research agenda has facilitated the development of clinical practice guidelines by professional organizations and serves as a model for other inborn errors of metabolism.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Camp KM, Parisi MA, Acosta PB .
Phenylketonuria Scientific Review Conference: state of the science and future research needs.
Mol Genet Metab 2014 Jun;112(2):87-122. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.02.013.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Medication, Research Methodologies