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Research Studies is a monthly compilation of research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers and recently published in journals or newsletters.
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1 to 25 of 709 Research Studies Displayed
Patnode CD, Redmond N, Iacocca MO
Behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults without known cardiovascular disease risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Serv
This paper’s objective was to synthesize the evidence on benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity in adults without known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors to inform a USPSTF recommendation. Findings showed that healthy diet and physical activity behavioral counseling interventions for persons without a known risk of CVD were associated with small but statistically significant benefits across a variety of important intermediate health outcomes and small to moderate effects on dietary and physical activity behaviors.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation:
Patnode CD, Redmond N, Iacocca MO .
Behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults without known cardiovascular disease risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Serv
JAMA 2022 Jul 26;328(4):375-88. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.7408..
Keywords:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Lifestyle Changes, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Prevention, Nutrition
Brown SD, Hedderson MM, Gordon N
Reach, acceptability, and perceived success of a telehealth diabetes prevention program among racially and ethnically diverse patients with gestational diabetes: the gem cluster-randomized trial.
The purpose of this study was to describe overall and race/ethnicity-specific reach, acceptability, and perceived success from an effective telehealth diabetes prevention lifestyle program for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, implemented in the Gestational Diabetes Effects on Moms (GEM) cluster-randomized controlled trial. An intervention of 13 telephone sessions and behavior change techniques (BCTs) in a healthcare system were tested by GEM. Survey respondents largely rated BCTs as very helpful. Black and White respondents reported more limited success reaching a healthy weight than Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and multiracial/other women. The researchers concluded that a telehealth diabetes prevention lifestyle program showed both reach and acceptability across racial/ethnic groups, and that similar interventions could encourage preventive care access and help reduce disparities in the risk for diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019367.
Citation:
Brown SD, Hedderson MM, Gordon N .
Reach, acceptability, and perceived success of a telehealth diabetes prevention program among racially and ethnically diverse patients with gestational diabetes: the gem cluster-randomized trial.
Transl Behav Med 2022 Jul 18;12(7):793-99. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibac019..
Keywords:
Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Prevention, Lifestyle Changes
Peaker B, Biondokin E
Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea.
In this Putting Prevention into Practice case study, a 20-year-old woman presents for a wellness examination. She states that she has no health concerns, does not have a history of any sexually transmitted infections, and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or drugs. Last year, she began taking oral contraceptives and reports regular monthly menses. Three multiple-choice questions are presented, followed by their answers.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation:
Peaker B, Biondokin E .
Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Am Fam Physician 2022 Jul;106(1):81-82..
Keywords:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Guidelines, Screening, Prevention, Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Case Study
O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I
Vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence report and systematic review updated the 2013 USPSTF final recommendation to assess benefits and harms of using vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. After an extensive literature review, 84 studies were included. While multivitamin use was significantly associated with a lower incidence of any cancer and lung cancer, the evidence had serious limitations. Beta carotene was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality. Vitamins D and E were not significantly associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease events, or cancer incidence. Evidence for the benefit of other supplements was equivocal, minimal, or absent. There was limited evidence that suggested some supplements may be associated with higher risk of serious harms (hip fracture [vitamin A], hemorrhagic stroke [vitamin E], and kidney stones [vitamin C, calcium]).
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation:
O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I .
Vitamin and mineral supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Jun 21;327(23):2334-47. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.15650..
Keywords:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Vitamins and Supplements, Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Huang J, Park GW, Jones RM
Efficacy of EPA-registered disinfectants against two human norovirus surrogates and Clostridioides difficile endospores.
This study’s goal was to determine the efficacy of a panel of nine EPA-registered disinfectants against two human norovirus (HuNoV) surrogates (feline calicivirus [FCV] and Tulane virus [TuV]) and Clostridioides difficile endospores. These products, five of which contained H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) as the active ingredient, were tested against infectious FCV, TuV, and C. difficile endospores using two ASTM methods, a suspension and carrier test. Products containing hydrogen peroxide were the most efficacious. Of the five products containing hydrogen peroxide, no strong correlation was observed between disinfection efficacy and hydrogen peroxide concentration. Addition of 0.025% ferrous sulphate to 1% hydrogen peroxide solution improved efficacy against FCV, TuV and C. difficile.
AHRQ-funded; HS025987.
Citation:
Huang J, Park GW, Jones RM .
Efficacy of EPA-registered disinfectants against two human norovirus surrogates and Clostridioides difficile endospores.
J Appl Microbiol 2022 Jun;132(6):4289-99. doi: 10.1111/jam.15524..
Keywords:
Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Patient Safety
McAlearney AS, MacEwan SR, Gregory ME
Identifying management practices for promoting infection prevention: perspectives on strategic communication.
The purpose of this study was to better understand the topics and communication strategies used by hospital administrative and clinical leaders to facilitate healthcare-associated infection prevention. Between 2017 and 2019 the researchers interviewed 188 administrative and clinical leaders in 18 U.S. Hospitals and interviewed them about management practices used to promote the prevention of HAI, with a focus on strategic communications. The study found that information sharing regarding infection prevention focused on two main topics: facilitators of success and barriers to success. The researchers also reported that storytelling using examples of real events was useful. The study concluded that the findings provide useful information about how the strategic communication of HAI information can contribute to improvement and advance hospitals’ infection prevention plans and efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS024958.
Citation:
McAlearney AS, MacEwan SR, Gregory ME .
Identifying management practices for promoting infection prevention: perspectives on strategic communication.
Am J Infect Control 2022 Jun;50(6):593-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.11.025..
Keywords:
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Prevention, Communication
Cross WF, West JC, Crean HF
Measurement of primary care providers' suicide prevention skills following didactic education.
This study’s objective was to determine if didactic training by medical residents and nurse practitioner (NP) trainees increased their skills to assess and manage patients’ suicidal ideation, intent, and behaviors. Online didactic training was provided to 127 medical resident and NP trainees followed by a standardized patient interaction conducted to assess demonstrated suicide prevention skills (i.e., assessment of risk factors, protective factors, suicidal ideation and behavior, safety planning). Participants demonstrated only about half of the possible total skills in most domains and were least competent in assessing potential risk for suicide. Residents were rated significantly higher than NPs on observed skills.
AHRQ-funded; HS024224.
Citation:
Cross WF, West JC, Crean HF .
Measurement of primary care providers' suicide prevention skills following didactic education.
Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022 Jun;52(3):373-82. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12827..
Keywords:
Behavioral Health, Primary Care, Prevention, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Provider: Physician, Training
Tracer H, VanHouten JP
Screening for atrial fibrillation.
This purpose of this Putting Prevention Into Practice (PPIP) case study and quiz is to provide an overview of practice recommendations regarding atrial fibrillation screening. It is based on the recommendations of the United States Preventive Services Task Force, with Howard Tracer, MD, Medical Officer, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Program, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, as lead author.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation:
Tracer H, VanHouten JP .
Screening for atrial fibrillation.
Am Fam Physician 2022 Jun;105(6):659-60..
Keywords:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Screening, Prevention, Case Study
Chou R, Selph S, Blazina I
Screening for glaucoma in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence report and systematic review updated the 2013 USPSTF final recommendation to assess benefits and harms of screening for primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in adults. After an extensive literature review, 83 studies were included (30 trials and 53 diagnostic accuracy studies). One randomized clinical trial (RCT) found screening of frail elderly persons associated with no difference in vision outcomes vs no screening but with significantly greater falls risk. There was limited direct evidence on glaucoma screening, with no association of benefits.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500011I.
Citation:
Chou R, Selph S, Blazina I .
Screening for glaucoma in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 May 24;327(20):1998-2012. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.6290..
Keywords:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Eye Disease and Health, Prevention, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice
Marino M, Solberg L, Springer R
Cardiovascular disease preventive services among smaller primary care practices.
This cross-sectional study utilized linear regression modeling to examine the association of aspirin use, blood pressure control, and smoking-cessation support performance with practice characteristics that included structural attributes, practice capacity and contextual characteristics, health information technology, and patient panel demographics. Findings showed that, on average, practice performance on aspirin use, blood pressure control, and smoking-cessation support quality measures was 64% for aspirin, 63% for blood pressure, and 62% for smoking-cessation support. Practice characteristics associated with aspirin use, blood pressure control, and smoking-cessation support performance included ownership, rurality, and disruptions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023940.
Citation:
Marino M, Solberg L, Springer R .
Cardiovascular disease preventive services among smaller primary care practices.
Am J Prev Med 2022 May;62(5):e285-e95. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.011..
Keywords:
Cardiovascular Conditions, Primary Care, Prevention
Rice H, Garabedian PM, Shear K
Clinical decision support for fall prevention: defining end-user needs.
The purpose of this study was to identify patient and primary care staff needs for development of a tool that will generate clinical decision support (CDS) to prevent falls and injuries in older adults. Community-dwelling patients aged 60 and over and primary care clinic staff were eligible to participate in the study; all were affiliated with the University of Florida Health Archer Family Health Care primary care clinic and the Brigham & Women's Hospital-affiliated primary care clinics. Through qualitative interviews with patients (n=18) and primary care clinic staff (n=24) user needs were identified and then categorized into the following themes: evidence-based safe exercises; expert guidance; individualized resources; in-person assessment of patient condition; motivational tools; patient understanding of fall risk; personal support networks; systematic communication and workload burden. The study concluded that personalized, actionable, and evidence-based clinical decision support may be able to address some of the many gaps that exist in fall prevention management in older adults.
AHRQ-funded; HS027557.
Citation:
Rice H, Garabedian PM, Shear K .
Clinical decision support for fall prevention: defining end-user needs.
Appl Clin Inform 2022 May;13(3):647-55. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1750360..
Keywords:
Elderly, Falls, Prevention, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Decision Making, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Perdue LA
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This evidence summary reviewed the benefits and harms of aspirin in primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention to accompany the final recommendation and evidence review of the US Preventive Services Task Force. A literature review was conducted of English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of low-dose aspirin compared with placebo or no intervention in primary prevention populations. Aspirin was found not to be significantly associated with reductions in CVD mortality or all-cause mortality. There was limited trial evidence on benefits for CRC, with the findings highly variable by length of follow-up and statistically significant only when considering long-term observational follow-up beyond randomized trial periods. Low-dose aspirin was associated with significant increases in total major bleeding and in site-specific bleeding.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation:
Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Perdue LA .
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Apr 26;327(16):1585-97. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.3337..
Keywords:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Dehmer SP, O'Keefe LR, Evans CV
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated modeling study for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of the study was to develop, model, and report estimates of the harms from and benefits of the use of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC.) The researchers developed and used a simulation model to provide estimates for hypothetical United States cohorts of men and women between the ages of forty and seventy-nine years without a previous history of elevated bleeding risks or CVD, and up to a 20% 10-year risk for a CVD event. The model focused on the routine, lifetime use of low-dose aspirin with 5-year intervals of no use between 65 and 85 years of age. The study’s primary outcome was lifetime net benefit which was measured in life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs.) Harms included an increase in nonfatal intracranial hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding, and benefits included a reduction in nonfatal ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. The study found that the estimated lifetime net quality-adjusted life-years was positive for men and women with 5% or more 10-year CVD risk when they started use between the ages of 40-59 years, and for men and women with 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk when starting between the ages of 60 and 69 years. The estimated lifetime net life-years were mostly negative for those starting low-dose aspirin use between 60 and 79 years of age. Five-year intervals of stopping use between 65 and 85 years of age did not provide a significant advantage to lifetime use. The researchers concluded that the routine, lifetime use of low-dose aspirin may benefit several population groups, with the largest estimated benefit in those with greater 10-year CVD risk who begin routine, low-dose aspirin dosage at younger ages.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation:
Dehmer SP, O'Keefe LR, Evans CV .
Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: updated modeling study for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2022 Apr 26;327(16):1598-607. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.3385..
Keywords:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Prevention, Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice
Jacobs PD, Abdus S
Changes in preventive service use by race and ethnicity after Medicare eligibility in the United States.
Researchers examined whether widespread eligibility for Medicare at age 65 narrows disparate preventive service use by race and ethnicity. Using MEPS data and examining six preventive services, they found that, for non-Hispanic Black adults, preventive service use increased after age 65. Further, for all four preventive health measures that were lower for Hispanic adults compared with non-Hispanic White adults prior to age 65, service use was indistinguishable between these groups after reaching the Medicare eligibility age. They concluded that Medicare eligibility appeared to reduce most racial and ethnic disparities in preventive service use.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation:
Jacobs PD, Abdus S .
Changes in preventive service use by race and ethnicity after Medicare eligibility in the United States.
Prev Med 2022 Apr;157:106996. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106996..
Keywords:
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Racial / Ethnic Minorities, Medicare, Prevention, Access to Care, Disparities, Health Insurance
Commodore-Mensah Y, Loustalot F, Himmelfarb CD CD
Proceedings from a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention workshop to control hypertension.
In order to address the rapid decline in hypertension control, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a virtual workshop with multidisciplinary national experts. The presentations and discussions included potential reasons for the decline and challenges in hypertension control, possible "big ideas," and multisector approaches that could reverse the current trend while addressing knowledge gaps and research priorities.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation:
Commodore-Mensah Y, Loustalot F, Himmelfarb CD CD .
Proceedings from a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention workshop to control hypertension.
Am J Hypertens 2022 Mar 8;35(3):232-43. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpab182..
Keywords:
Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Prevention, Cardiovascular Conditions
Dykes PC, Khasnabish S, Burns Z
Development and validation of a fall prevention efficiency scale.
This study examined nurses’ perception of implementing the Fall TIPS (Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety) tool, which is an evidence-based fall prevention program which was shown to reduce falls in hospitalized adults by 25%. The authors conducted a 3-phase mixed method study at 3 hospitals in Massachusetts and 3 in New York to assess nurses’ perceptions of burdens imposed on them by using Fall TIPS or other fall prevention programs. A 20-item prototype Fall Prevention Efficiency Scale was developed and administered to 383 clinical nurses. This scale was reduced to 13 items. The scale achieved excellent internal consistency values when examined with the test, validation, and paired (both test and retest) samples.
AHRQ-funded; HS025128.
Citation:
Dykes PC, Khasnabish S, Burns Z .
Development and validation of a fall prevention efficiency scale.
J Patient Saf 2022 Mar 1;18(2):94-101. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000811..
Keywords:
Falls, Prevention, Patient Safety, Hospitals
Kalu IC, Kao CM, Fritz SA
Management and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus infections in children.
This review article discusses management and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus infections in children. Up to 30% of children are colonized with S aureus, though infection typically does not occur without skin barrier disruption. The article discusses ways to manage infection including promptly addressing the source of infection, including sites of metastatic infection, and initiation of effective antibiotics, which should be selected based on local antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Preventive measures including optimizing hygiene and decolonization regimens for outpatients and critically ill children with prolonged hospitalizations is also discussed.
AHRQ-funded; HS024269.
Citation:
Kalu IC, Kao CM, Fritz SA .
Management and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus infections in children.
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022 Mar;36(1):73-100. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2021.11.006..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases, Prevention
Mota L, Marcaccio CL, Dansey KD
Overview of screening eligibility in patients undergoing ruptured AAA repair from 2003 to 2019 in the Vascular Quality Initiative.
The authors examined patients in the Vascular Quality Initiative database who underwent repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) to characterize those who are ineligible for screening under current guidelines and to evaluate the potential impact of these restrictions on their disease. They found that most patients who underwent ruptured AAA repair were ineligible for initial AAA screening or aged out of the screening window. Furthermore, ruptured AAA rates and screening ineligibility have not improved as much as expected since the passage of the Screening Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Very Efficiently (SAAAVE) Act.
AHRQ-funded; HS027285.
Citation:
Mota L, Marcaccio CL, Dansey KD .
Overview of screening eligibility in patients undergoing ruptured AAA repair from 2003 to 2019 in the Vascular Quality Initiative.
J Vasc Surg 2022 Mar;75(3):884-92.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.09.049..
Keywords:
Cardiovascular Conditions, Screening, Prevention
Lee W, Gray SL, Zaslavsky O
Association between having a family member with dementia and perceptions of dementia preventability.
This study examined how having a family history of dementia and caregiving experience are associated with perceptions about and self-efficacy for dementia preventability. Participants were surveyed whether they had a family member with dementia, and if they need whether they served as a caregiver. Of 1,575 respondents, 71% had a family member with dementia, and of those 42% served as a caregiver. People with a family member with dementia were less likely to believe that dementia is preventable and had lower self-efficacy for dementia prevention. Survey participants who were also caregivers had an even lower perception about dementia preventability.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation:
Lee W, Gray SL, Zaslavsky O .
Association between having a family member with dementia and perceptions of dementia preventability.
Aging Ment Health 2022 Feb;26(2):270-76. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1839866..
Keywords:
Dementia, Caregiving, Family Health and History, Prevention, Neurological Disorders
Mabry-Hernandez IR, Legg M
Behavioral counseling interventions for healthy weight and weight gain in pregnancy.
This AHRQ-authored Putting Prevention Into Practice (PPIP) article is a quiz on the Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation. Three questions are included with the answers and references at the end of the quiz. The questions are 1) Under what circumstances should physicians offer behavioral interventions; 2) What is the recommended gestational weight gain for the case study patient; and 3) Which of the 3 approaches to promote healthy weight gain during pregnancy are correct for the patient?
AHRQ-authored.
Citation:
Mabry-Hernandez IR, Legg M .
Behavioral counseling interventions for healthy weight and weight gain in pregnancy.
Am Fam Physician 2022 Feb;105(2):187-88..
Keywords:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Pregnancy, Prevention, Women, Case Study, Evidence-Based Practice
Van Gerwen OT, Austin EL, Camino AF
"It's behaviors, not identity": attitudes and beliefs related to HIV risk and pre-exposure prophylaxis among transgender women in the Southeastern United States.
Investigators aimed to explore beliefs associated with HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among transgender women (TGW) in the Southeastern U.S., framed by the Health Belief Model. They identified several themes: frustration with conflation of transgender identity and HIV risk, inappropriate transgender representation in PrEP advertising, concerns for interactions between PrEP and hormone therapy, perception that PrEP is meant for cisgender men who have sex with men, and limited trans-affirming healthcare. Given the diversity of this population, they recommended nuanced messaging to educate and engage TGW in HIV prevention strategies, including PrEP.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation:
Van Gerwen OT, Austin EL, Camino AF .
"It's behaviors, not identity": attitudes and beliefs related to HIV risk and pre-exposure prophylaxis among transgender women in the Southeastern United States.
PLoS One 2022 Jan 27;17(1):e0262205. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262205..
Keywords:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Sexual Health
Li Y, Cheng Z, Cai X
State social distancing restrictions and nursing home outcomes.
This study examined how state orders for social distancing to curb COVID-19 morbidity and mortality affected nursing home patients and what potential negative health consequences they may have had. The authors examined state social distancing restrictions from June to August of 2020 and their associations with the weekly numbers of new COVID cases, new COVID deaths, and new non-COVID deaths in nursing homes across the US. They found that stronger state social distancing measures were associated with improved outcomes, reduced across-facility disparities in COVID outcomes, and somewhat increased non-COVID-19 death rates. The estimates for non-COVID-19 deaths were sensitive to alternative model specifications.
AHRQ-funded; HS026893; HS024923.
Citation:
Li Y, Cheng Z, Cai X .
State social distancing restrictions and nursing home outcomes.
Sci Rep 2022 Jan 20;12(1):1058. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05011-6..
Keywords:
COVID-19, Nursing Homes, Prevention, Public Health
Holland JE, Varni SE, Pulcini CD
Assessing the relationship between well-care visit and emergency department utilization among adolescents and young adults.
This study investigated the association between adolescent and young adult (AYA) well-care visits and emergency department (ED) utilization. Vermont’s all-payer claims data for 2018 was used to evaluate visits for 49,089 AYAs (aged 12-21 years) with a health-care claim. Nearly half (49%) of AYAs who engaged with the health-care system did not have a well-care visit in 2018. Those AYAs had 24% greater odds of going to the ED at least once in 2018, controlling for age, sex, insurance type, and medical complexity. Late adolescents and young adults (aged 18-21) who did not attend a well-care visit had 47% greater odds of ED visits, middle adolescents (15-17 years) had 9% greater odds, and early adolescents (12-14 years) had 16% greater odds.
AHRQ-funded; HS024575.
Citation:
Holland JE, Varni SE, Pulcini CD .
Assessing the relationship between well-care visit and emergency department utilization among adolescents and young adults.
J Adolesc Health 2022 Jan;70(1):64-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.011..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Young Adults, Emergency Department, Healthcare Utilization, Medicaid, Prevention
Thomas TW, Golin CE, Kinlaw AC
Did the 2015 USPSTF abnormal blood glucose recommendations change clinician attitudes or behaviors? A mixed-method assessment.
In 2015, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) revised clinical recommendations to more broadly recommend abnormal blood glucose screening and more clearly recommend referral to behavioral interventions for adults with prediabetes. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the 2015 USPSTF recommendation changes on abnormal blood glucose screening and referral to behavioral interventions, and to examine physicians' perceptions of the revised recommendation.
AHRQ-funded; HS025561; HS000032.
Citation:
Thomas TW, Golin CE, Kinlaw AC .
Did the 2015 USPSTF abnormal blood glucose recommendations change clinician attitudes or behaviors? A mixed-method assessment.
J Gen Intern Med 2022 Jan;37(1):15-22. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-06749-x..
Keywords:
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Diabetes, Screening, Guidelines, Prevention
Bastani R, Glenn BA, Singhal R
Increasing HPV vaccination among low-income, ethnic minority adolescents: effects of a multicomponent system intervention through a county health department hotline.
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has cancer prevention benefits, yet low uptake. The purpose of the study was to evaluate an intervention intended to improve vaccine uptake in low-income, ethnic minority adolescents using a telephone hotline to seek county health department services. The researchers recruited participants through randomization of health department hotline callers who were caregivers of never-vaccinated adolescents aged 11-17. The intervention included multi-lingual print and telephone education and personalized referral to a low cost or free provider of vaccines. Participants completed baseline, 3-month, and 9-month telephone surveys. The study found that by the end of the 9-month follow up period, the HPV vaccination rates had increased, however there were no differences between the intervention (45%) and control (42%) groups. The researchers also observed significant improvements in perceived HPV knowledge, perceived HPV risk, and barriers to vaccination. The study concluded that the county hotline intervention did not produce a greater increase in HPV vaccine rates in the intervention group than the group without the intervention. The study authors recommend that future studies should evaluate interventions which are more intensive and address accessing and using services in complex, safety net settings. The authors also noted that because 44% of unvaccinated adolescents in both the intervention and control groups received at least one dose of the vaccine during the study period, investigators of future studies should be aware of the potential priming effects of participation in the study, which may impact the results of interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation:
Bastani R, Glenn BA, Singhal R .
Increasing HPV vaccination among low-income, ethnic minority adolescents: effects of a multicomponent system intervention through a county health department hotline.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022 Jan;31(1):175-82. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.Epi-20-1578..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Vaccination, Low-Income, Racial / Ethnic Minorities, Sexual Health, Prevention
