National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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- Research Methodologies (1)
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- Risk (1)
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- Training (2)
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- Vulnerable Populations (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 35 Research Studies DisplayedSmith JH, Silverberg JI
Correlation of clinician-reported outcomes with patient-reported outcomes by race and ethnicity in patients with atopic dermatitis.
This study examined the correlation of clinician-reported outcome measures (ClinROMs) with patient-reported outcomes by race and ethnicity in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). A prospective, dermatology practice-based study was conducted with children and adults with AD for patients enrolled January 2014 through September 2019. Electronic surveys were completed by patients or caregivers, including self-identified race and Hispanic ethnicity, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for average itch in the past 7 days, and Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). Different severity indexes including Ezcema Area and Severity Index (EASI), and objective-SCORing Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD) were used by a dermatologist to perform total body skin assessments. Spear correlations were performed for POEM and NRS-itch versus objective-SCORAD and EASI. Overall, 1987 patients were included in the study (age less than 18 years: 101 [5.08%], age greater or equal to 18 years: 1886 [94.92%]), including 198 (9.96%) Black, 360 (18.12%) Asian, 8 (0.40%) Multiracial/Other, 1313 (66.08%) White, and 108 (5.44%) Hispanic. Black patients had a moderate correlation for POEM with objective-SCORAD and EASI, while NRS average-itch had a weak-moderate correlation. In White patients there were strong correlations for both measures. Patients who were Asian/Pacific Islander had numerically weaker correlations of POEM but strong or very strong correlations of NRS average-itch with objective-SCORAD and EASI compared to White patients while patients with Hispanic ethnicity also showed numerically weaker correlations for POEM with objective-SCORAD and EASI, and weaker correlations of NRS average-itch with EASI.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Smith JH, Silverberg JI .
Correlation of clinician-reported outcomes with patient-reported outcomes by race and ethnicity in patients with atopic dermatitis.
J Am Acad Dermatol 2023 Sep; 89(3):579-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.04.050..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Skin Conditions, Outcomes
Krishnan JA, Margellos-Anast H, Kumar R
Coordinated Health Care Interventions for Childhood Asthma Gaps in Outcomes (CHICAGO) plan.
The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare an emergency-department- (ED) only intervention and home visits by community health workers for 6 months (ED-plus-home) and enhanced usual care (UC). The study enrolled children aged 5 to 11 years with uncontrolled asthma. The primary outcomes were change over 6 months in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Asthma Impact Scale score in children and Satisfaction with Participation in Social Roles score in caregivers. The secondary outcomes included guideline-recommended ED discharge care and self-management. The study found that of the 373 children recruited, only 63% completed the 6-month follow-up visit. Differences in Asthma Impact Scores or caregivers' Satisfaction with Participation in Social Roles scores were not significant. However, in the intervention groups guideline-recommended ED discharge care improved significantly versus in the UC group, and self-management behaviors were significantly improved in the ED-plus-home group versus in the ED-only and UC groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS027804.
Citation: Krishnan JA, Margellos-Anast H, Kumar R .
Coordinated Health Care Interventions for Childhood Asthma Gaps in Outcomes (CHICAGO) plan.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2023 Aug; 2(3). doi: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100100..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Asthma, Respiratory Conditions, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Emergency Department, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Health Information Technology (HIT), Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Marcaccio CL, Patel PB, de Guerre L
Disparities in 5-year outcomes and imaging surveillance following elective endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm by sex, race, and ethnicity.
The purpose of this study was to identify variations in 5-year outcomes and imaging surveillance after elective endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) by sex, race, and ethnicity and to examine possible mechanisms contributing to these variations. The primary outcome was 5-year aneurysm rupture. Secondary outcomes were 5-year reintervention and mortality, and having no aortic imaging follow-up from 6 to 24 months after EVAR. The study found that among 16,040 patients, 73% were White males, 18% were White females, 2.6% were Black males, 1.1% were Black females, 0.9% were Asian males, 0.2% were Asian females, 1.7% were Hispanic males, and 0.4% were Hispanic females. At 5 years, Black females had the highest rupture rates at 6.4% and white males had the lowest at 2.3%. Compared with White males, rupture rates were higher in White females, Black females, and Asian females. Among other groups, Black males had higher reintervention and both Black and Hispanic males had higher rates of no imaging follow-up. In adjusted analyses, White, Black, and Asian females remained at significantly higher risk for 5-year rupture. The researchers concluded that Black females had higher 5-year aneurysm rupture, reintervention, and mortality rates after elective EVAR as compared with White male patients, whereas White females had higher rupture, mortality and loss-to-imaging-follow-up compared to White male patients. Black males had higher reintervention and no imaging follow-up, and Asian females had higher rupture rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS027285.
Citation: Marcaccio CL, Patel PB, de Guerre L .
Disparities in 5-year outcomes and imaging surveillance following elective endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm by sex, race, and ethnicity.
J Vasc Surg 2022 Nov;76(5):1205-15.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.03.886..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors, Outcomes, Imaging, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions
Anjorin AC, Marcaccio CL, Patel PB
Racial and ethnic disparities in 3-year outcomes following infrainguinal bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.
This study’s objective was to determine the differences in 3-year outcomes after open infrainguinal bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) stratified by race/ethnicity and explored the potential factors contributing to these differences to help determine reasons why outcomes are worse for racial and ethnic minorities. The authors identified all CLTI patients who had undergone primary open infrainguinal bypass in the Vascular Quality Initiative registry from 2003 to 2017 with linkage to Medicare claims through 2018 for the 3-year outcomes. Primary outcomes were the 3-year rates of major amputation, reintervention, and mortality. They also recorded 30-day major adverse limb events (MALE) defined as major amputation or reintervention. Of the 7108 patients with CLTI 79% were non-Hispanic White, 15% were Black, 1% were Asian, and 6% were Hispanic. Compared with White patients, Black patients had higher rates of 3-year major amputation (Black vs White, 32% vs 19%), reintervention (Black vs White, 61% vs 57%), and 30-day MALE (Black vs White, 8.1% vs 4.9%) but lower mortality (Black vs White, 38% vs 42%). Hispanic patients also experienced higher rates of amputation (Hispanic vs White, 27% vs 19%), reintervention (Hispanic vs White, 70% vs 57%), and MALE (Hispanic vs White, 8.7% vs 4.9%). However, mortality was similar between Hispanic vs White groups. A higher presence of comorbidities in Black and Hispanic patients with CLTI is considered the greatest contributing factors to higher amputation and reintervention rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS027285.
Citation: Anjorin AC, Marcaccio CL, Patel PB .
Racial and ethnic disparities in 3-year outcomes following infrainguinal bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.
J Vasc Surg 2022 Nov;76(5):1335-46.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.026..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Outcomes, Surgery, Cardiovascular Conditions
Song Zhang, Zhang X, Patterson LJ
Racial and ethnic disparities in hospitalization outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study assessed assess racial and ethnic differences in hospitalization outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among Medicare beneficiaries. Medicare claims from the Social Security Administration was used to determine in-hospital mortality and mortality inclusive of discharges to hospice and discharges to postacute care. Over 31 million Medicare recipients in the database were analyzed with over 14 million hospitalizations from January 2019 to February 2021. There was a decline in non-COVID-19 and an emergence of COVID-19 hospitalizations among beneficiaries of different racial and ethnic minority groups through February 2021. In-hospital mortality was not significantly different among Black patients relative to White patients but was 3.5 percentage points higher among Hispanic patients and other racial and ethnic minority groups. There were disparities in discharges to hospice and postacute care as well.
AHRQ-funded; HS024072.
Citation: Song Zhang, Zhang X, Patterson LJ .
Racial and ethnic disparities in hospitalization outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
JAMA Health Forum 2021 Dec 23;2(12):e214223. doi: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.4223..
Keywords: COVID-19, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Medicare, Hospitalization, Outcomes, Mortality
Vervoort D, Canner JK, Haut ER
Racial disparities associated with reinterventions after elective endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.
In this study, the authors’ goal was to examine racial disparities associated with reinterventions following elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in a real-world cohort. Using the Vascular Quality Initiative EVAR dataset, they found that Black patients requiring reintervention were more frequently female, more frequently current or former smokers, and less frequently insured by Medicare/Medicaid. After adjusting for baseline differences, the risk of reintervention after elective EVAR was significantly lower for Black versus White patients, and all-cause mortality was comparable between groups. The authors recommended further investigation.
AHRQ-funded; HS024547.
Citation: Vervoort D, Canner JK, Haut ER .
Racial disparities associated with reinterventions after elective endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.
J Surg Res 2021 Dec;268:381-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.010..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Outcomes
Adams LB, Richmond J, Watson SN
Community health worker training curricula and intervention outcomes in African American and Latinx communities: a systematic review.
This systematic review examined research on the relationship between community health worker (CHW) training curricula and intervention outcomes conducted among African American and Latinx populations. Studies included were quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies employed to conduct outcome and process evaluations of CHW-led interventions. Out of 3,295 articles from the extensive literature search, only 36 met the review’s inclusion criteria. Overall, the strength of evidence linking specific CHW training curricula components to primary health interventions in conditions such as hypertension and diabetes was weak, and no studies directly linked outcomes to specific characteristics of CHW training. Studies that discussed training related to didactic sessions or classified as high intensity reported higher percentages of positive outcomes compared to other CHW training methods.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032; HS026122.
Citation: Adams LB, Richmond J, Watson SN .
Community health worker training curricula and intervention outcomes in African American and Latinx communities: a systematic review.
Health Educ Behav 2021 Aug;48(4):516-31. doi: 10.1177/1090198120959326..
Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Training, Outcomes, Provider: Health Personnel
Dos Santos Marques IC, Theiss LM, Wood LN
Racial disparities exist in surgical outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
The authors hypothesized that racial disparities exist for Hispanic and Asian patients undergoing surgery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS- NSQIP) was used. They found that racial disparities do exist among IBD patients undergoing surgery. Black, Hispanic, and Asian IBD patients experience major disparities in post-operative complications, readmissions, and length of stay, respectively, when compared to White patients with IBD. They recommended future research to better understand the mechanisms of these disparities including evaluation of social determinants of health.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Dos Santos Marques IC, Theiss LM, Wood LN .
Racial disparities exist in surgical outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Am J Surg 2021 Apr;221(4):668-74. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.12.010..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Surgery, Digestive Disease and Health, Outcomes
Su CM, Warren A, Kraus C
Lack of racial and ethnic-based differences in acute care delivery in intracerebral hemorrhage.
Int J Emerg Med 2021 Jan 19;14(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12245-021-00329-w.
Early diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is thought to be critical for improving outcomes. In this study the investigators examined whether racial or ethnic disparities existed in acute care processes in the first hours after ICH. The investigators found no evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in acute care processes or outcomes in ICH. English as first language, however, was associated with slower care processes.
Early diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is thought to be critical for improving outcomes. In this study the investigators examined whether racial or ethnic disparities existed in acute care processes in the first hours after ICH. The investigators found no evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in acute care processes or outcomes in ICH. English as first language, however, was associated with slower care processes.
AHRQ-funded; HS024561.
Citation: Su CM, Warren A, Kraus C .
Lack of racial and ethnic-based differences in acute care delivery in intracerebral hemorrhage.
Int J Emerg Med 2021 Jan 19;14(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12245-021-00329-w..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Critical Care, Stroke, Cardiovascular Conditions, Outcomes
Rosas LG, Lv N, Xiao L
Effect of a culturally adapted behavioral intervention for Latino adults on weight loss over 2 years: a randomized clinical trial.
Identifying effective weight loss interventions for Latino adults at risk of diabetes is of critical public health importance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a culturally adapted behavioral intervention for Latino adults was more effective than usual care for weight loss over 24 months. The investigators concluded that among Latino adults with high diabetes risk, a culturally adapted behavioral lifestyle intervention was effective for weight loss over 12 months but not 24 months.
AHRQ-funded; HS022702.
Citation: Rosas LG, Lv N, Xiao L .
Effect of a culturally adapted behavioral intervention for Latino adults on weight loss over 2 years: a randomized clinical trial.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Dec;3(12):e2027744. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27744..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Cultural Competence, Diabetes, Primary Care, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice
Presley C, Agne A, Shelton T
Mobile-enhanced peer support for African Americans with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
This study compared the effectiveness of a community-based diabetes self-management education (DSME) plus mobile health (mHealth)-enhanced peer support intervention to community-based DSME alone for African American adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. This randomized controlled trial took place in Jefferson County, Alabama within a safety-net healthcare system with a group diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1C ≥ 7.5%. The intervention group reviewed community-based DSME plus 6 months of mHealth-enhanced peer support, including 12 weekly phone calls, then 3 monthly calls from community health workers. The control group received community based DSME only. Primary outcomes were lower A1C and secondary outcomes were lower diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy or confidence in their ability to manage diabetes, and social support. Of 120 participants selected, 97 completed the study. Both groups experienced clinical meaning reduction in A1C. Participants in the intervention group experienced a significantly larger reduction in diabetes distress compared to the control group.
AHRQ-funded; HS019465.
Citation: Presley C, Agne A, Shelton T .
Mobile-enhanced peer support for African Americans with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
J Gen Intern Med 2020 Oct;35(10):2889-96. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06011-w..
Keywords: Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient Self-Management, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Community-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Sun K, Szymonifka J, Tian H
Is traditional Chinese medicine use associated with worse patient-reported outcomes among Chinese American rheumatology patients?
Chinese Americans are a fast-growing immigrant group with more severe rheumatic disease manifestations than whites and often a strong cultural preference for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this study, the investigators aimed to examine TCM use patterns and association with patient-reported outcomes (PRO) among Chinese American rheumatology patients. The investigators concluded that among these Chinese American rheumatology patients, TCM users had worse PRO in many physical and mental health domains.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Sun K, Szymonifka J, Tian H .
Is traditional Chinese medicine use associated with worse patient-reported outcomes among Chinese American rheumatology patients?
J Rheumatol 2019 Dec;46(12):1634-39. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181148..
Keywords: Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Outcomes
Burnett-Zeigler I, Hong S, Waldron EM
A mindfulness-based intervention for low-income African American women with depressive symptoms delivered by an experienced instructor versus a novice instructor.
The authors piloted a streamlined mindfulness teacher training protocol for Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) staff. They also examined the distribution and variability of psychologic outcomes for participants in groups led by an experienced instructor compared to a FQHC staff instructor who received the streamlined training. They concluded that preliminary data indicate that health care staff who receive streamlined training to deliver mindfulness-based interventions have comparable outcomes as experienced instructors.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Burnett-Zeigler I, Hong S, Waldron EM .
A mindfulness-based intervention for low-income African American women with depressive symptoms delivered by an experienced instructor versus a novice instructor.
J Altern Complement Med 2019 Jul;25(7):699-708. doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0393..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Comparative Effectiveness, Depression, Low-Income, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations, Training, Women
Gordon BE, Basak R, Carpenter WR
Factors influencing prostate cancer treatment decisions for African American and white men.
This prospective, population-based cohort study examined some possible reasons for mortality outcome differences for prostate cancer between African American (AA) and white patients. A cohort of 1170 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer were enrolled from 2011 to 2013 before treatment in North Carolina. Participants were asked to rate their aggressiveness of their cancer, and also the importance of 10 factors their treatment decision-making process. Among low-risk patients, there was no difference in perception of their cancer as “not very aggressive”. Among high-risk patients, 54% of AA patients considered their cancer to be “not very aggressive” while only 24% of white patients did. For AA patients, cost, treatment time, and recovery time were considered very important more than white patients.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Gordon BE, Basak R, Carpenter WR .
Factors influencing prostate cancer treatment decisions for African American and white men.
Cancer 2019 May 15;125(10):1693-700. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31932..
Keywords: Decision Making, Cancer, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Disparities, Men's Health, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Derose KP, Williams MV, Florez KR
Eat, pray, move: a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial of a multilevel church-based intervention to address obesity among African Americans and Latinos.
The purpose of this study was to implement a multilevel, church-based intervention with diverse disparity populations using community-based participatory research and evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness in improving obesity-related outcomes. The investigators concluded that the intervention resulted in small improvements in obesity outcomes. They assert that a longer time line is needed to fully implement and assess effects of community and congregation environmental strategies and to allow for potential larger impacts of the intervention.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Derose KP, Williams MV, Florez KR .
Eat, pray, move: a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial of a multilevel church-based intervention to address obesity among African Americans and Latinos.
Am J Health Promot 2019 May;33(4):586-96. doi: 10.1177/0890117118813333..
Keywords: Lifestyle Changes, Nutrition, Obesity, Outcomes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Mehta B, Szymonifka J, Dey S
Living in immigrant communities does not impact total knee arthroplasty outcomes: experience from a high-volume center in the United States.
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of neighborhood immigrant proportion (IP) to preoperative and 2-year postoperative pain and function after elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Patients in a high-volume institutional TKA registry were analyzed retrospectively, and demographics, pre-op and 2-year post-op WOMAC pain and function scores, and addresses obtained. Patient-level variables were linked to Census Bureau tract data. Researchers conclude that patients living in high IP neighborhoods do not have worse pre-op or 2-year post-op pain and function outcomes after TKA compared to those living in lower IP neighborhoods.
AHRQ-funded; HS016075.
Citation: Mehta B, Szymonifka J, Dey S .
Living in immigrant communities does not impact total knee arthroplasty outcomes: experience from a high-volume center in the United States.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019 Feb 9;20(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2446-y..
Keywords: Arthritis, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Surgery
Wahl TS, Goss LE, Morris MS
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) eliminates racial disparities in postoperative length of stay after colorectal surgery.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on racial disparities in postoperative length of stay (pLOS) after colorectal surgery. The authors hypothesized that ERAS would reduce disparities in pLOS between black and white patients. They concluded that ERAS eliminated racial differences in pLOS between black and white patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Reduced pLOS occurred without increases in mortality, readmissions, and most postoperative complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Wahl TS, Goss LE, Morris MS .
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) eliminates racial disparities in postoperative length of stay after colorectal surgery.
Ann Surg 2018 Dec;268(6):1026-35. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002307..
Keywords: Surgery, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Care Management, Healthcare Delivery, Hospitalization, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Chen LM, Nallamothu BK, Spertus JA
Racial differences in long-term outcomes among older survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Black patients have worse in-hospital survival than white patients after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), but less is known about longterm outcomes. In this study, the investigators sought to assess among IHCA survivors whether there are additional racial differences in survival after hospital discharge and to explore potential reasons for differences. The investigators determined that black survivors of IHCA have lower long-term survival compared with white patients, and about half of this difference is not explained by patient factors or treatments after IHCA.
AHRQ-funded; HS020671; HS024698.
Citation: Chen LM, Nallamothu BK, Spertus JA .
Racial differences in long-term outcomes among older survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Circulation 2018 Oct 16;138(16):1643-50. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.033211..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Outcomes
Milani CJ, Rundell SD, Jarvik JG
Associations of race and ethnicity with patient-reported outcomes and health care utilization among older adults initiating a new episode of care for back pain.
The purpose of this study was to characterize associations of self-reported race/ethnicity with back pain (BP) patient-reported outcomes and health care utilization among older adults with a new episode of care for BP. The investigators found that Blacks and Hispanics had slightly less improvement in BP-related functional limitations over time, and less spine-related health care utilization, as compared to whites and non-Hispanics, respectively. The authors suggested that residual confounding may explain some of the association between race/ethnicity and health outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019222; HS022972.
Citation: Milani CJ, Rundell SD, Jarvik JG .
Associations of race and ethnicity with patient-reported outcomes and health care utilization among older adults initiating a new episode of care for back pain.
Spine 2018 Jul 15;43(14):1007-17. doi: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002499..
Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Elderly, Healthcare Utilization, Outcomes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Angraal S, Khera R, Wang Y
Sex and race differences in the utilization and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2014.
The authors sought to evaluate how the use of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and its outcomes have evolved in different sex and racial subgroups. Using Medicare data, they found that women and black patients had persistently higher CABG mortality than men and white patients, respectively, despite greater declines over the time period. The authors conclude that these findings indicate progress, but further progress is needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Angraal S, Khera R, Wang Y .
Sex and race differences in the utilization and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2014.
J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Jul 12;7(14). doi: 10.1161/jaha.118.009014..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Evidence-Based Practice, Heart Disease and Health, Healthcare Utilization, Medicare, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Sander AM, Lequerica AH, Ketchum JM
Race/ethnicity and retention in traumatic brain injury outcomes research: a traumatic brain injury model systems national database study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of race/ethnicity to retention in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research at 1 to 2 years postinjury. The findings emphasized the importance of investigating retention rates separately for blacks and Hispanics rather than combining them or grouping either with other races or ethnicities. The results also suggested the need for implementing procedures to increase retention of Hispanics in longitudinal TBI research.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Sander AM, Lequerica AH, Ketchum JM .
Race/ethnicity and retention in traumatic brain injury outcomes research: a traumatic brain injury model systems national database study.
J Head Trauma Rehabil 2018 Jul/Aug;33(4):219-27. doi: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000395..
Keywords: Brain Injury, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Cole MB, Wright B, Wilson IB
Longitudinal analysis of racial/ethnic trends in quality outcomes in community health centers, 2009-2014.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate racial/ethnic time trends in quality outcomes in health centers and to assess both within- and between-center disparities in outcomes. The authors found that within- and between-center racial/ethnic disparities in quality were evident and although quality outcomes in health centers continued to compare favorably to other care settings, there was no evidence of improved quality or reduced disparities in diabetes control, hypertension control, or birthweight from 2009 to 2014.
AHRQ-funded; HS024652.
Citation: Cole MB, Wright B, Wilson IB .
Longitudinal analysis of racial/ethnic trends in quality outcomes in community health centers, 2009-2014.
J Gen Intern Med 2018 Jun;33(6):906-13. doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4305-1..
Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Disparities, Quality of Care, Outcomes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Lau KSL, Rosenman MB, Wiehe SE
Race/ethnicity, and behavioral health status: first arrest and outcomes in a large sample of juvenile offenders.
The objective of this study was to assess the simultaneous effects of gender, race/ethnicity, and pre-arrest behavioral health (BH) service-use on age at first arrest, and first arrest outcomes. It found that black youth were arrested at younger ages than white or Hispanic youth. Youth with psychiatric problems were arrested at younger ages than youth with substance-use, dual-diagnoses, or no BH problems.
AHRQ-funded; HS024296; HS023318.
Citation: Lau KSL, Rosenman MB, Wiehe SE .
Race/ethnicity, and behavioral health status: first arrest and outcomes in a large sample of juvenile offenders.
J Behav Health Serv Res 2018 Apr;45(2):237-51. doi: 10.1007/s11414-017-9578-3.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Outcomes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sex Factors
Chhatre S, Jayadevappa R
Racial and ethnic disparities in substance use disorders and outcomes in elderly prostate cancer patients.
This study used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked data to identify prevalence of substance use among patients with advanced-stage prostate cancer. There are racial and ethnic disparities between substance use and outcomes. A multidisciplinary coordinated care approach is recommended to address these disparities.
AHRQ-funded; HS024106.
Citation: Chhatre S, Jayadevappa R .
Racial and ethnic disparities in substance use disorders and outcomes in elderly prostate cancer patients.
J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018 Apr-Jun;17(2):135-49. doi: 10.1080/15332640.2016.1160019..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Disparities, Elderly, Outcomes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Substance Abuse
Mogul DB, Luo X, Chow EK
Impact of race and ethnicity on outcomes for children waitlisted for pediatric liver transplantation.
This study sought to determine whether outcomes on the waitlist (ie, mortality, deceased donor liver transplantation [DDLT], and living-donor liver transplantation [LDLT]) varied by race/ethnicity. It concluded that, compared to Caucasian children, African-American children are less likely to use LDLT but have higher rates of DDLT and similar survival on the waitlist.
AHRQ-funded; HS024600; HS023876.
Citation: Mogul DB, Luo X, Chow EK .
Impact of race and ethnicity on outcomes for children waitlisted for pediatric liver transplantation.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018 Mar;66(3):436-41. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001793.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Utilization, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Outcomes, Transplantation