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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 6 of 6 Research Studies DisplayedLydecker AD, Osei PA, Pineles L
Targeted gown and glove use to prevent Staphylococcus aureus acquisition in community-based nursing homes: a pilot study.
This study tested the feasibility of targeted gown and glove use by healthcare personnel caring for high-risk nursing home residents to present Staphylococcus aureus transmission in short-stay residents. The study included 322 residents in 2 community-based Maryland nursing homes on mixed short- and long-stay units. During a 2-month baseline period, all residents had nose and inguinal fold swabs taken to estimate S. aureus presence. MRSA acquisition rate decreased from 11.9% during the baseline period to 3.6% during the intervention period among short-stay residents. MRSA acquisition rate also decreased from 9.1% during the baseline period to 3.6% during the intervention period for longer-term care residents. Resident-to-resident transmission rate also decreased from 5.9% during the baseline period to 0.8% during the intervention period.
AHRQ-funded; HS025451.
Citation: Lydecker AD, Osei PA, Pineles L .
Targeted gown and glove use to prevent Staphylococcus aureus acquisition in community-based nursing homes: a pilot study.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021 Apr;42(4):448-54. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.1219..
Keywords: Nursing Homes, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Patient Safety
Kim JJ, Johnson JK, Stucke EM
Burden of perianal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in nursing home residents increases transmission to healthcare worker gowns and gloves.
Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to health care workers (HCWs) on gowns and gloves has been an issue in nursing homes. This study evaluated the effect of the burden in 13 community-based nursing homes in Maryland and Michigan. Residents were cultured for S. aureus at the perianal skin and the anterior nares areas. A total of 403 residents were enrolled, with 169 colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Transmission to HCW gowns and gloves was greater from those colonized with greater quantities of S. aureus on the perianal skin. These findings inform future infection control practices for both MRSA and MSSA in nursing homes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019979; HS025451.
Citation: Kim JJ, Johnson JK, Stucke EM .
Burden of perianal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in nursing home residents increases transmission to healthcare worker gowns and gloves.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020 Dec;41(12):1396-401. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.336..
Keywords: Elderly, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention
McKinnell JA, Miller LG, Singh RD
High prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism colonization in 28 nursing homes: an "iceberg effect."
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms (ESBLs), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among residents and in the environment of nursing homes (NHs). The investigators concluded that in more than half of the NHs, more than 50% of residents were colonized with MDROs of clinical and public health significance, most commonly MRSA and ESBL. Additionally, the vast majority of resident rooms and common areas were MDRO contaminated.
AHRQ-funded; HS024286.
Citation: McKinnell JA, Miller LG, Singh RD .
High prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism colonization in 28 nursing homes: an "iceberg effect."
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020 Dec;21(12):1937-43.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.007..
Keywords: Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
McKinnell JA, Singh RD, Miller LG
The SHIELD Orange County project: multidrug-resistant organism prevalence in 21 nursing homes and long-term acute care facilities in Southern California.
The authors reported baseline multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) prevalence in 21 nursing homes (NHs) and long-term acute care facilities (LTACs). They found that prevalence of MDROs was 65% in NHs and 80% in LTACs. They concluded that the majority of NH residents and LTAC patients harbor MDROs, and that MDRO status is frequently unknown to the facility. The high MDRO prevalence highlights the need for prevention efforts in NHs/LTACs as part of regional efforts to control MDRO spread.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: McKinnell JA, Singh RD, Miller LG .
The SHIELD Orange County project: multidrug-resistant organism prevalence in 21 nursing homes and long-term acute care facilities in Southern California.
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Oct 15;69(9):1566-73. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz119.
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Keywords: Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety
Jackson SS, Lydecker AD, Magder LS
Development and validation of a clinical prediction rule to predict transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nursing homes.
This study’s goal was to develop and validate a clinical prediction rule that can predict transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing homes. The researchers wanted to identify residents who were most likely to transmit MRSA to health-care workers (HCWs) on their hands or clothing during clinical care. Demographic and clinical characteristic data was used from residents of community nursing homes in Maryland and Michigan from 2012 to 2014. The clinical prediction rule that was developed was then externally validated in a cohort of Department of Veterans Affairs nursing home residents from 7 states between 2012 and 2016. Variables in the prediction model included sex, race, resident dependency on care, the presence of any medical device, diabetes mellitus, and chronic skin breakdown. The prediction model showed good performance although it showed less utility in the validation cohort.
AHRQ-funded; HS019979.
Citation: Jackson SS, Lydecker AD, Magder LS .
Development and validation of a clinical prediction rule to predict transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nursing homes.
Am J Epidemiol 2019 Jan;188(1):214-21. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy220..
Keywords: Elderly, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Nursing Homes, Patient Safety
Albrecht JS, Croft L, Morgan DJ
Perceptions of gown and glove use to prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission in nursing homes.
This qualitative study explored current use and perceptions of glove and gown use in nursing homes. Analysis of recordings of three focus group discussions revealed that direct care staff reported using gowns and gloves primarily as self-protection against contact with bodily fluids, not to prevent MRSA transmission. Glove use was described as common and more acceptable to staff and residents than gown use.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560; HS022135.
Citation: Albrecht JS, Croft L, Morgan DJ .
Perceptions of gown and glove use to prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission in nursing homes.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017 Feb;18(2):158-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.08.016.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Nursing Homes, Prevention, Patient Safety