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- Arthritis (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedGriffith KN, Feyman Y, Auty SG
Implications of county-level variation in U.S. opioid distribution.
Investigators used a novel dataset to investigate the distributional patterns of prescription opioids; whether opioid pill volume was associated with opioid-related mortality; and whether early state Medicaid expansions were associated with either pill volume or opioid-related mortality. Data on opioid shipments to retail pharmacies for 2006-2013 were obtained from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration and were mapped to opioid-related deaths (ORDs) from the CDC. The authors compared characteristics of counties in the highest and lowest quartiles for per capita pill volume (PCPV) to determine if they were associated with ORDs and whether early state Medicaid expansions were associated with either outcome. There were large geographic variations found in opioid distribution driven by differences in demographics, healthcare access, and healthcare supply. Early Medicaid expansion states were found to have reduced opioid pill volume. A one-pill increase in PCPV was associated with a 0.20 increase in ORDs per 100,000 population.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Griffith KN, Feyman Y, Auty SG .
Implications of county-level variation in U.S. opioid distribution.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2021 Feb 1;219:108501. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108501..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Mortality
Khodneva Y, Richman J, Kertesz S
Gender differences in association of prescription opioid use and mortality: a propensity-matched analysis from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) prospective cohort.
Prescription opioids (PO) have been widely used for chronic non-cancer pain, with commensurate concerns for overdose. The long-term effect of these medications on non-overdose mortality in the general population remains poorly understood. This study's objective was to examine the association of prescription opioid use and mortality in a large cohort, accounting for gender differences and concurrent benzodiazepine use, and using propensity score matching.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Khodneva Y, Richman J, Kertesz S .
Gender differences in association of prescription opioid use and mortality: a propensity-matched analysis from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) prospective cohort.
Subst Abus 2021;42(1):94-103. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1702609..
Keywords: Stroke, Cardiovascular Conditions, Sex Factors, Opioids, Medication, Mortality
Althoff KN, Leifheit KM, Park JN
Opioid-related overdose mortality in the era of fentanyl: monitoring a shifting epidemic by person, place, and time.
Investigators described US trends in opioid-related overdose mortality rates by race, age, urbanicity, and opioid type before and after the emergence of fentanyl. Using the CDC’s WONDER database, they found a disproportionate increase in opioid-related overdose deaths among urban non-Hispanic Black Americans and recommended interventions for this population in order to halt the increase in overdose deaths.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Althoff KN, Leifheit KM, Park JN .
Opioid-related overdose mortality in the era of fentanyl: monitoring a shifting epidemic by person, place, and time.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2020 Nov 1;216:108321. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108321..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Kim SC, Jin Y, Lee YC
Association of preoperative opioid use with mortality and short-term safety outcomes after total knee replacement.
The purpose of this study was to determine the association of preoperative opioid use among patients 65 years and older with mortality and other complications at 30 days post-total knee replacement (TKR). Findings show that continuous opioid users had a higher risk of revision operations, vertebral fractures, and opioid overdose at 30 days post-TKR but not of in-hospital or 30-day mortality, compared with opioid-naive patients. Highlights include the need for better understanding of patient characteristics associated with chronic opioid use to optimize preoperative assessment of overall risk after TKR.
AHRQ-funded; HS018910.
Citation: Kim SC, Jin Y, Lee YC .
Association of preoperative opioid use with mortality and short-term safety outcomes after total knee replacement.
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Jul 3;2(7):e198061. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8061..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Surgery, Orthopedics, Elderly, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Mortality, Outcomes, Arthritis, Evidence-Based Practice
McClellan CB
Disparities in opioid related mortality between United States counties from 2000 to 2014.
This study examines disparities in opioid related mortality between United States counties from 2000 to 2014. Unfortunately, counties that had lower rates in 2000 had caught up by 2014. The authors suggest that prevention measures need to be broader in scope and be implemented in areas where the opioid crisis doesn’t seem as prevalent.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: McClellan CB .
Disparities in opioid related mortality between United States counties from 2000 to 2014.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2019 Apr 25;199:151-58. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.005..
Keywords: Disparities, Medication, Mortality, Opioids, Substance Abuse
Rees DI, Sabia JJ, Argys LM
With a little help from my friends: the effects of good samaritan and naloxone access laws on opioid-related deaths.
This study examined the effect of good Samaritan and naxolone access laws (NALs) on opioid-related mortality. Most states have adopted these laws, and the early adopters had the most negative association between NALs and overdose deaths. There was a negative but not statistically significant effect on opioid-related deaths for states with Good Samaritan laws.
AHRQ-funded; HS025014.
Citation: Rees DI, Sabia JJ, Argys LM .
With a little help from my friends: the effects of good samaritan and naloxone access laws on opioid-related deaths.
J Law Econ 2019 Feb;62(1). doi: 10.1086/700703..
Keywords: Opioids, Mortality, Policy, Medication
Gaither JR, Goulet JL, Becker WC
The effect of substance use disorders on the association between guideline-concordant long-term opioid therapy and all-cause mortality.
The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of a substance use disorder (SUD) modifies the association between guideline-concordant care and 1-year all-cause mortality among patients receiving long-term opioid therapy (LtOT) for pain. It found that for clinicians prescribing LtOT to patients with untreated SUDs, engaging patients with psychotherapeutic and SUD treatment services may reduce mortality.
AHRQ-funded; U19 HS021112.
Citation: Gaither JR, Goulet JL, Becker WC .
The effect of substance use disorders on the association between guideline-concordant long-term opioid therapy and all-cause mortality.
J Addict Med 2016 Nov/Dec;10(6):418-28. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000255.
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Keywords: Care Management, Medication, Mortality, Substance Abuse, Opioids, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Kennedy-Hendricks A, Richey M, McGinty EE
Opioid overdose deaths and Florida's crackdown on pill mills.
The researchers examined the effect on opioid overdose mortality of Florida state laws and law enforcement operations targeting "pill mills." They found that Florida's actions were associated with an estimated 1029 lives saved from prescription opioid overdose over a 34-month period, and estimated reductions in deaths grew over the intervention period.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Kennedy-Hendricks A, Richey M, McGinty EE .
Opioid overdose deaths and Florida's crackdown on pill mills.
Am J Public Health 2016 Feb;106(2):291-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302953.
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Keywords: Policy, Medication, Medication: Safety, Mortality, Opioids