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Research Studies is a monthly compilation of research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers and recently published in journals or newsletters.
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1 to 4 of 4 Research Studies DisplayedKadri SS, Lai YL, Warner S
Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bloodstream infections based on discordant in-vitro susceptibilities: a retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and mortality risk in US hospitals.
Researchers sought to establish the population-level burden, predictors, and mortality risk of in-vitro susceptibility-discordant empirical antibiotic therapy among patients with bloodstream infections. They found that approximately one in five patients with bloodstream infections in US hospitals received discordant empirical antibiotic therapy, receipt of which was closely associated with infection with antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Receiving discordant empirical antibiotic therapy was associated with increased odds of mortality overall, even in patients without sepsis. They concluded that early identification of bloodstream pathogens and resistance will probably improve population-level outcomes.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Kadri SS, Lai YL, Warner S .
Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bloodstream infections based on discordant in-vitro susceptibilities: a retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and mortality risk in US hospitals.
Lancet Infect Dis 2021 Feb;21(2):241-51. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30477-1..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Sepsis, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Mortality, Risk
Weinberger J, Rhee C, Klompas M
A critical analysis of the literature on time-to-antibiotics in suspected sepsis.
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends immediate antibiotics for all patients with suspected sepsis and septic shock, ideally within 1 hour of recognition. An accurate understanding of the precise relationship between time-to-antibiotics and mortality for patients with possible sepsis is therefore critical. In this study, the investigators elaborate on potential sources of bias and try to distill a better understanding of what the true relationship between time-to-antibiotics and mortality may be for patients with suspected sepsis or septic shock.
AHRQ-funded; HS025008.
Citation: Weinberger J, Rhee C, Klompas M .
A critical analysis of the literature on time-to-antibiotics in suspected sepsis.
J Infect Dis 2020 Jul 21;222(Suppl 2):S110-s18. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa146..
Keywords: Sepsis, Antibiotics, Medication, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Mortality
Goldstein E, MacFadden DR, Karaca Z
Antimicrobial resistance prevalence, rates of hospitalization with septicemia and rates of mortality with sepsis in adults in different US states.
Researchers studied the relation between the prevalence of resistance to various antibiotics in different bacteria and rates of sepsis-related outcomes. They found that, among the different combinations of antibiotics/bacteria, prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli had the strongest association with septicemia hospitalization rates for individuals aged over 50 years, and with sepsis mortality rates for individuals aged 18-84 years. They also found a number of positive correlations between prevalence of resistance for different combinations of antibiotics/bacteria and septicemia hospitalization/sepsis mortality rates in adults.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Goldstein E, MacFadden DR, Karaca Z .
Antimicrobial resistance prevalence, rates of hospitalization with septicemia and rates of mortality with sepsis in adults in different US states.
Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 Jul;54(1):23-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.004..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitals, Hospitalization, Medication, Mortality, Sepsis
Kramer RD, Cooke CR, Liu V
Variation in the contents of sepsis bundles and quality measures. a systematic review.
The researchers sought to determine the degree of agreement on component elements of sepsis bundles and the associated timing goals for completion of each element. They also evaluated the amount of variation between metrics associated with bundles. They found that no bundle included metrics evaluating timeliness or completeness of sepsis recognition. Also, there was a lack of consensus on component elements and timing goals across highly recognized sepsis bundles.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Kramer RD, Cooke CR, Liu V .
Variation in the contents of sepsis bundles and quality measures. a systematic review.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015 Nov;12(11):1676-84. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201503-163BC.
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Keywords: Sepsis, Mortality, Guidelines, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Outcomes
