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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedFeyman Y, Avila CJ, Auty S
Racial and ethnic disparities in excess mortality among U.S. veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study examined whether minority veterans experienced higher rates of all-cause mortality than White veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors used administrative data from the Veterans Health Administration’s Corporate Data Warehouse. Veterans were excluded in the analysis if they were missing county of residence or race-ethnicity data. Overall, veteran mortality rates were 16% above normal during March-December 2020 which equates to 42,348 excess deaths. Non-Hispanic White veterans experienced the smallest relative increase in mortality (17%), while Native American veterans had the highest increase (40%). Black Veterans (32%) and Hispanic Veterans (26%) had somewhat lower excess mortality, although these changes were significantly higher compared to White veterans. Disparities were smaller compared to the general population.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Feyman Y, Avila CJ, Auty S .
Racial and ethnic disparities in excess mortality among U.S. veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Health Serv Res 2023 Jun; 58(3):642-53. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14112..
Keywords: COVID-19, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities
Feyman Y, Auty SG, Tenso K
County-level impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess mortality among U.S. veterans: a population-based study.
This study investigated the county-level impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess mortality among U.S. veterans. The authors queried Veterans Health Administration (VHA) administrative data on demographics and comorbidities for 11.4 million enrollees during 2016-2020. Eight mortality prediction models at the county-level were used including Poisson, Poisson quasi-likelihood, negative binomial, and generalized estimating equations. All models demonstrated excellent agreement between observed and predicted mortality. An excess mortality rate of 13% in 2020 was found, which corresponds to 50,299 excess deaths. Despite mortality risk factors of veterans, their excess mortality rate was slightly lower than the general population.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Feyman Y, Auty SG, Tenso K .
County-level impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess mortality among U.S. veterans: a population-based study.
Lancet Reg Health Am 2022 Jan;5:100093. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100093.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395..
AHRQ-funded; HS026395..
Keywords: COVID-19, Mortality
Ching JH, Owens DK, Trafton JA
Impact of treatment duration on mortality among Veterans with opioid use disorder in the United States Veterans Health Administration.
This study used simulation of a Veterans Health Administration cohort to identify the opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment durations necessary for the elevated mortality risks during treatment transitions balanced by reductions in mortality while receiving medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with methadone or buprenorphine. A simulated cohort of 10,000 individuals with OUD was created by using parameters obtained through calibration and published meta-analyses of studies from North America, Europe, and Australia. Methadone treatment for 4 months or longer or buprenorphine for 2 months or longer resulted in 54 and 65 fewer deaths relative to not receiving MAT for the same duration. The authors estimated shorter treatment durations necessary to achieve net mortality benefits of 2 months or longer for methadone and 1 month or longer for buprenorphine. Necessary treatment increased more with smaller mortality reductions on treatment with larger relative risks during treatment transitions.
AHRQ-funded; HS027935; HS026128.
Citation: Ching JH, Owens DK, Trafton JA .
Impact of treatment duration on mortality among Veterans with opioid use disorder in the United States Veterans Health Administration.
Addiction 2021 Dec;116(12):3494-503. doi: 10.1111/add.15574.
AHRQ-funded; HS027935; HS026128..
AHRQ-funded; HS027935; HS026128..
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Mortality
Donnelly JP, Wang XQ, Iwashyna TJ
Readmission and death after initial hospital discharge among patients with COVID-19 in a large multihospital system.
This study describes reasons for readmission, use of intensive care unit (ICU) interventions during readmission, and proportions of death after initial hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients from US Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals March-June 2020.
AHRQ-funded; HS026725.
Citation: Donnelly JP, Wang XQ, Iwashyna TJ .
Readmission and death after initial hospital discharge among patients with COVID-19 in a large multihospital system.
JAMA 2021 Jan 19;325(3):304-06. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.21465.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, COVID-19, Hospital Readmissions, Hospital Discharge, Mortality, Outcomes
Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Halm EA
Risk of amphetamine use disorder and mortality among incident users of prescribed stimulant medications in the Veterans Administration.
This study's aims were to ascertain the demographics of stimulant medication users compared with non-users, examine temporal trends of stimulant medication use and estimate risk factors for development of amphetamine use disorder (AUD) and mortality among new users of stimulant medications. The investigators concluded that in their cohort comorbid substance use disorders were common and were risk factors for development of (AUD).
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Halm EA .
Risk of amphetamine use disorder and mortality among incident users of prescribed stimulant medications in the Veterans Administration.
Addiction 2018 May;113(5):857-67. doi: 10.1111/add.14122..
Keywords: Substance Abuse, Medication, Risk, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes
Brennan MB, Hess TM, Bartle B
Diabetic foot ulcer severity predicts mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetic foot ulcers are associated with an increased risk of death. This study evaluated whether ulcer severity at presentation predicts mortality. It concluded that initial diabetic foot ulcer severity is a more significant predictor of subsequent mortality than coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or stroke.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Brennan MB, Hess TM, Bartle B .
Diabetic foot ulcer severity predicts mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes.
J Diabetes Complications. 2017 Mar;31(3):556-561. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.11.020..
Keywords: Diabetes, Mortality, Chronic Conditions, Pressure Ulcers
Ripley DC, Kwong PL, Vogel WB
How does geographic access affect in-hospital mortality for veterans with acute ischemic stroke?
This study examined the relationship between estimated travel time to admitting hospital and mortality for veterans with acute ischemic stroke. It found that even after adjusting for the confounding effects of patient, treatment, and facility characteristics, travel time from home to admitting VAMC was significantly associated with inhospital mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS018540.
Citation: Ripley DC, Kwong PL, Vogel WB .
How does geographic access affect in-hospital mortality for veterans with acute ischemic stroke?
Med Care 2015 Jun;53(6):501-9. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000366..
Keywords: Stroke, Mortality, Access to Care
Bates BE, Xie D, Kwong PL
One-year all-cause mortality after stroke: a prediction model.
Using data from Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) national databases, the researchers present and internally validate a 1-year all-cause mortality prediction index after hospitalization for acute stroke. They conclude that a simple index using readily available data that stratifies stroke patients at the time of discharge according to low, moderate, high, and highest likelihood of all-cause 1-year mortality is feasible.
AHRQ-funded; HS018540.
Citation: Bates BE, Xie D, Kwong PL .
One-year all-cause mortality after stroke: a prediction model.
PM R 2014 Jun;6(6):473-83. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.11.006..
Keywords: Stroke, Mortality, Hospitalization