National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- (-) Antibiotics (6)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (3)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Community-Acquired Infections (2)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (2)
- (-) Hospitalization (6)
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- Inpatient Care (2)
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- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
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- Newborns/Infants (1)
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- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Sepsis (2)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 6 of 6 Research Studies DisplayedVaughn VM, Gandhi T, Petty LA
Empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a multi-hospital cohort study.
A randomly sampled cohort of 1705 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was used. Data was collected on early empiric antibacterial therapy within 2 days of hospitalization, empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial co-infections. Of the 1705 patients, 56.6% were prescribed early empiric antibacterial therapy, with 3.5% having a confirmed community-onset bacterial infection. Use varied across hospitals, ranging from 27% to 84%. Patients were more likely to receive the therapy if they were older, had more severe illness, had a lobar infiltrate, or were admitted to a for-profit hospital. Over the one-month period empiric antibacterial use decreased.
AHRQ-funded; HS026530; HS026725.
Citation: Vaughn VM, Gandhi T, Petty LA .
Empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a multi-hospital cohort study.
Clin Infect Dis 2021 May 18;72(10):e533-e41. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1239..
Keywords: COVID-19, Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Hospitalization
Desai S, Aronson PL, Shabanova V
Parenteral antibiotic therapy duration in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infections.
This study compared rates of recurring bacteremic urinary tract infections (UTIs) among hospitalized infants who received parenteral antibiotics 7 days or less compared with infants who received long-term treatment defined as greater than 7 days. Among 115 infants with bactermic UTI, half received short-course parenteral antibiotics and no difference in 30-day UTI recurrence was found.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Desai S, Aronson PL, Shabanova V .
Parenteral antibiotic therapy duration in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infections.
Pediatrics 2019 Sep;144(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3844..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Antibiotics, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Medication, Inpatient Care, Hospitalization, Outcomes, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Goldstein E, Olesen SW, Karaca Z
AHRQ Author: Karaca Z
Levels of outpatient prescribing for four major antibiotic classes and rates of septicemia hospitalization in adults in different US states - a statistical analysis.
The authors related state-specific rates of outpatient prescribing overall for oral fluoroquinolones, penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins between 2011 and 2012 to state-specific rates of septicemia hospitalization in several age groups of adults. They found positive associations between the rates of prescribing for penicillins and the rates of hospitalization with septicemia in US adults aged 50-84 years and recommended further studies.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Goldstein E, Olesen SW, Karaca Z .
Levels of outpatient prescribing for four major antibiotic classes and rates of septicemia hospitalization in adults in different US states - a statistical analysis.
BMC Public Health 2019 Aug 19;19(1):1138. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7431-8..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Sepsis, Medication, Hospitalization
Goldstein E, MacFadden DR, Karaca Z
AHRQ Author: Karaca Z Steiner CA
Antimicrobial resistance prevalence, rates of hospitalization with septicemia and rates of mortality with sepsis in adults in different US states.
Researchers studied the relation between the prevalence of resistance to various antibiotics in different bacteria and rates of sepsis-related outcomes. They found that, among the different combinations of antibiotics/bacteria, prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli had the strongest association with septicemia hospitalization rates for individuals aged over 50 years, and with sepsis mortality rates for individuals aged 18-84 years. They also found a number of positive correlations between prevalence of resistance for different combinations of antibiotics/bacteria and septicemia hospitalization/sepsis mortality rates in adults.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Goldstein E, MacFadden DR, Karaca Z .
Antimicrobial resistance prevalence, rates of hospitalization with septicemia and rates of mortality with sepsis in adults in different US states.
Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 Jul;54(1):23-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.004..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitals, Hospitalization, Medication, Mortality, Sepsis
Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
In a studied group of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, staphylococcal pneumonia was rare but associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes. Despite this low prevalence, use of antistaphylococcal antibiotics was common. The authors recommended efforts to minimize overuse of antistaphylococcal antibiotics while also ensuring adequate treatment for pathogen-specific diseases.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Frush JM, Zhu Y, Edwards KM .
Prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and use of antistaphylococcal therapy in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
J Hosp Med 2018 Dec;13(12):848-52. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3093..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Antibiotics, Medication
Lindenauer PK, Shieh MS, Stefan MS
Hospital procalcitonin testing and antibiotic treatment of patients admitted for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of procalcitonin (PCT) testing on antibiotic treatment of patients hospitalized for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in routine practice. The study conclude that as currently implemented, PCT testing appears to have had little impact on decisions to initiate antibiotic therapy or on duration of treatment for COPD exacerbations.
AHRQ-funded; HS024596.
Citation: Lindenauer PK, Shieh MS, Stefan MS .
Hospital procalcitonin testing and antibiotic treatment of patients admitted for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017 Dec;14(12):1779-85. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201702-133OC..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Respiratory Conditions, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research