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Research Studies is a monthly compilation of research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers and recently published in journals or newsletters.
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1 to 25 of 25 Research Studies Displayed
Akingbade O, Peek ME, Tung EL. O, Peek ME, Tung EL
Network size or proximity? Association of network characteristics with violence-related stress and PTSD among racial/ethnic minorities in Chicago.
This research brief examined the association of network size compared to network size and proximity and the psychosocial health and PTSD rates among high-risk racial/ethnic minorities in two Chicago neighborhoods. A sample of 504 adults were surveyed from one South and one West side Chicago clinic in 2018. Only participants who self-reported lifetime exposure in the Brief Trauma Questionnaire to community violence were included, decreasing the sample size to 297. The majority of participants were female (69%) and non-Hispanic Black (75%). Two-thirds were direct victims of robbery or assault, and one-third tested positive for PTSD. Median number of network confidants was found to be 2. A larger network size (> 3 confidants) within 30 minutes from home was significantly associated with 67% lower adjusted odds of PTSD compared to those with no confidants within 30 minutes from home.
AHRQ-funded; HS023007.
Citation:
Akingbade O, Peek ME, Tung EL. O, Peek ME, Tung EL .
Network size or proximity? Association of network characteristics with violence-related stress and PTSD among racial/ethnic minorities in Chicago.
J Gen Intern Med 2022 Jan;37(1):255-57. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-06607-w..
Keywords:
Behavioral Health, Racial / Ethnic Minorities, Stress, Domestic Violence
Tabaac AR, Charlton BM, Tan ASL
Differences in tobacco product use by sexual orientation and violence factors among United States youth.
The goal of this study was to assess differences in the relationship between violence factor exposure and tobacco product pattern use (exclusive and poly). The investigators hypothesized that compared with heterosexuals, sexual minority youth would be more likely to report exclusive-tobacco and poly-tobacco use patterns and controlling for violence factors would attenuate these associations. The investigators concluded that sexual minority girls have greater exclusive- and poly-tobacco use compared with heterosexual girls.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation:
Tabaac AR, Charlton BM, Tan ASL .
Differences in tobacco product use by sexual orientation and violence factors among United States youth.
J Pediatr 2021 Jun;233:241-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.02.011..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Tobacco Use, Domestic Violence, Vulnerable Populations
Ragavan MI, Query LA, Bair-Merritt M
Expert perspectives on intimate partner violence power and control in pediatric healthcare settings.
Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health epidemic with profound impact on child health. In this study, the investigators explored the perspectives of pediatric IPV experts about 1) behaviors used by abusive partners to control IPV survivors in pediatric healthcare settings; 2) how controlling behaviors impact healthcare access and quality; and 3) recommendations for the pediatric healthcare team.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation:
Ragavan MI, Query LA, Bair-Merritt M .
Expert perspectives on intimate partner violence power and control in pediatric healthcare settings.
Acad Pediatr 2021 Apr 1;21(3):548-56. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.02.021..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Domestic Violence
Ragavan M, Syed-Swift Y, Elwy AR
The influence of culture on healthy relationship formation and teen dating violence: a qualitative analysis of South Asian female youth residing in the United States.
Teen dating violence (TDV) has well-documented detrimental health effects. Scant research has examined the perspectives of ethnically diverse youth about the impact of culture on TDV. In this study, the investigators sought to explore the intersection between culture and TDV specifically for South Asian youth residing in the United States by conducting semi-structured interviews with South Asian youth aged 16 to 21 years.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation:
Ragavan M, Syed-Swift Y, Elwy AR .
The influence of culture on healthy relationship formation and teen dating violence: a qualitative analysis of South Asian female youth residing in the United States.
J Interpers Violence 2021 Apr;36(7-8):Np4336-np62. doi: 10.1177/0886260518787815..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Domestic Violence, Racial / Ethnic Minorities
Mueller KL, Naganathan S, Griffey RT
Counseling on Access to Lethal Means-Emergency Department (CALM-ED): a quality improvement program for firearm injury prevention.
The authors evaluated the feasibility of the Counseling on Access to Lethal Means intervention in the Emergency Department (CALM-ED) by non-physician personnel. Their quality improvement study was conducted in an urban, academic ED with over 90,000 annual patient visits, and considered adult patients who were discharged after presenting to the ED with a suicidal crisis. They found that an ED-based CALM quality-improvement intervention was feasible for implementation by non-physician personnel and was well received by patients and families. They concluded that the intervention has the potential to help saves lives at times of suicide crisis.
AHRQ-funded; HS025052.
Citation:
Mueller KL, Naganathan S, Griffey RT .
Counseling on Access to Lethal Means-Emergency Department (CALM-ED): a quality improvement program for firearm injury prevention.
West J Emerg Med 2020 Aug 20;21(5):1123-30. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.46952.
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Keywords:
Emergency Department, Injuries and Wounds, Prevention, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Domestic Violence, Behavioral Health
Carballo-Dieguez A, Giguere R, Balan IC
Few aggressive or violent incidents are associated with the Use of HIV self-tests to screen sexual partners among key populations.
This study’s goal was to determine whether men who have sex with men or transgender women who had multiple sex partners in the prior 3 months had aggressive or violent incidents when requesting that a partner test for HIV with the use of a free rapid HIV self-test kit. The cohort studied were participants in ISUM, a randomized, controlled trial of self- and partner-testing in New York City and San Juan, PR. Out of 114 (88%) of intervention participants who were assessed at follow-up that used the self-tests, only 6% who asked a partner in person to test reported that at least one of their partners got physically violent. In total 16 (2%) of the partners reacted violently.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation:
Carballo-Dieguez A, Giguere R, Balan IC .
Few aggressive or violent incidents are associated with the Use of HIV self-tests to screen sexual partners among key populations.
AIDS Behav 2020 Jul;24(7):2220-26. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02809-1..
Keywords:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Domestic Violence
Ni Y, Barzman D, Bachtel A
Finding warning markers: Leveraging natural language processing and machine learning technologies to detect risk of school violence.
In their earlier research, the authors developed a risk assessment program to interview subjects, identify risk and protective factors, and evaluate risk for school violence; their current study focused on developing natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning technologies to automate the risk assessment process. They found that, by analyzing the content from subject interviews, the NLP and machine learning algorithms showed good capacity for detecting risk of school violence. The feature selection uncovered multiple warning markers that could deliver useful clinical insights to assist personalizing intervention. Consequently, the developed approach offered the promise of an accurate and scalable computerized screening service for preventing school violence.
AHRQ-funded; HS024983.
Citation:
Ni Y, Barzman D, Bachtel A .
Finding warning markers: Leveraging natural language processing and machine learning technologies to detect risk of school violence.
Int J Med Inform 2020 Jul;139:104137. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104137..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Domestic Violence, Risk
Henry MK, Feudtner C, Fortin K
Occult head injuries in infants evaluated for physical abuse.
Abusive head injuries in infants may be occult but clinically or forensically important. Data conflict regarding yield of neuroimaging in detecting occult head injuries in infants evaluated for physical abuse, with prior studies identifying yields of 4.3-37.3 %. The objectives of this study were (1) To quantify yield of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in identification of occult head injuries in infants with concerns for physical abuse and (2) To evaluate risk factors for occult head injuries.
AHRQ-funded; HS024194.
Citation:
Henry MK, Feudtner C, Fortin K .
Occult head injuries in infants evaluated for physical abuse.
Child Abuse Negl 2020 May;103:104431. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104431..
Keywords:
Newborns/Infants, Brain Injury, Domestic Violence, Imaging, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Injuries and Wounds
Kranz AM, Mahmud A, Agniel D
Provision of social services and health care quality in US community health centers, 2017.
The authors describe the types of social services provided at community health centers (CHCs), characteristics of CHCs providing these services, and the association between on-site provision and health care quality. Their findings indicate that CHCs most often offered on-site assistance for needs related to food or nutriion, interpersonal violence, and housing. Participation in projects with community-based organizations was associated with providing services on-site. On-site provision was associated with better performance on measures of health care quality. They conclude that some CHCs provide social services on-site, and this was associated with better performance on measures of health care quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS024067.
Citation:
Kranz AM, Mahmud A, Agniel D .
Provision of social services and health care quality in US community health centers, 2017.
Am J Public Health 2020 Apr;110(4):567-73. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305519..
Keywords:
Community Partnerships, Quality of Care, Domestic Violence, Nutrition
Zins ZP, Wheeler KK, Brink F
Trends in US physician diagnosis of child physical abuse and neglect injuries, 2006-2014.
The purpose of this study was to determine if US child physical abuse and neglect injury rates changed from 2006 to 2014, whether definitive diagnoses of physical abuse and neglect were used more often over time, and what patient factors influenced definitive physical maltreatment diagnoses. The investigators found that definitive diagnoses of physical abuse and neglect increased over the study period and were associated with hospital volume and patient characteristics which may reflect provider experience and possible bias.
AHRQ-funded; HS024263.
Citation:
Zins ZP, Wheeler KK, Brink F .
Trends in US physician diagnosis of child physical abuse and neglect injuries, 2006-2014.
Child Abuse Negl 2019 Dec;98:104179. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104179..
Keywords:
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Domestic Violence, Injuries and Wounds, Emergency Department, Hospitalization
Fraze TK, Brewster AL, Lewis VA
Prevalence of screening for food insecurity, housing instability, utility needs, transportation needs, and interpersonal violence by US physician practices and hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to characterize screening for social needs by physician practices and hospitals. The authors indicated that their study's findings suggest: that few US physician practices and hospitals screen patients for all 5 key social needs associated with health outcomes; that practices that serve disadvantaged patients reported higher screening rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation:
Fraze TK, Brewster AL, Lewis VA .
Prevalence of screening for food insecurity, housing instability, utility needs, transportation needs, and interpersonal violence by US physician practices and hospitals.
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Sep 4;2(9):e1911514. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11514..
Keywords:
Domestic Violence, Nutrition, Practice Patterns, Screening, Social Determinants of Health, Vulnerable Populations
Gance-Cleveland B, Leiferman J, Aldrich H
Using the technology acceptance model to develop startsmart: mHealth for screening, brief intervention, and referral for risk and protective factors in pregnancy.
The purpose of this study was to develop StartSmart, a mobile health (mHealth) intervention to support evidence-based prenatal screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for risk and protective factors in pregnancy. Expert clinicians provided guidance on the screening instruments, resources, and practice guidelines. Clinicians suggested identifying specific prenatal visits for the screening. Patients reported that the tablet-based screening was useful to promote adherence to guidelines and provided suggestions for improvement.
AHRQ-funded; HS024738.
Citation:
Gance-Cleveland B, Leiferman J, Aldrich H .
Using the technology acceptance model to develop startsmart: mHealth for screening, brief intervention, and referral for risk and protective factors in pregnancy.
J Midwifery Womens Health 2019 Sep;64(5):630-40. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13009..
Keywords:
Health Information Technology (HIT), Domestic Violence, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Decision Making, Pregnancy, Women, Evidence-Based Practice, Screening, Prevention
Borsky AE, Zhang E
Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults.
This Putting Prevention into Practice case study demonstrates how a U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation can used by clinicians. This case study uses the Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults recommendation as an example. Three quiz questions are given which directly link to the recommendations. The questions involve screening guidelines, screening instruments, and follow-up if there is a positive screening and detailed answers are provided.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation:
Borsky AE, Zhang E .
Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults.
Am Fam Physician 2019 May 15;99(10):649-50..
Keywords:
Case Study, Domestic Violence, Elderly, Evidence-Based Practice, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Vulnerable Populations
Coupet E, Karp D, Wiebe DJ
Shift in U.S. payer responsibility for the acute care of violent injuries after the Affordable Care Act: Implications for prevention.
In this study, the investigators determined the total annual charges for the acute care of injuries from interpersonal violence and the shift in financial responsibility for these charges after the Medicaid expansion from the Affordable Care Act in 2014. After Medicaid expansion, taxpayers are now accountable for nearly half of the $10.7 billion in annual charges for the acute care of violent injury in the U.S. The investigators suggest that these findings highlight the benefit to state Medicaid programs of preventing interpersonal violence.
AHRQ-funded; HS000028.
Citation:
Coupet E, Karp D, Wiebe DJ .
Shift in U.S. payer responsibility for the acute care of violent injuries after the Affordable Care Act: Implications for prevention.
Am J Emerg Med 2018 Dec;36(12):2192-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.03.070..
Keywords:
Domestic Violence, Emergency Department, Healthcare Costs, Policy, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Medicaid
Jaime MCD, McCauley HL, Tancredi DJ
Implementing a coach-delivered dating violence prevention program with high school athletes.
This paper describes the implementation of a coach-delivered dating violence prevention program with high school athletes. The program, Coaching Boys Into Men (CBIM), is an evidence-based, athletic coach-delivered dating violence prevention program that has been shown to increase positive bystander behaviors and reduce abuse perpetration among high school male athletes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation:
Jaime MCD, McCauley HL, Tancredi DJ .
Implementing a coach-delivered dating violence prevention program with high school athletes.
Prev Sci 2018 Nov;19(8):1113-22. doi: 10.1007/s11121-018-0909-2..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Domestic Violence, Education
Masho SW, Rozario S, Walker D
Racial differences and the role of marital status in the association between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy.
This study examined the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and unintended pregnancy across racial/ethnic and marital strata among U.S. women. Among other results, the investigators found that the odds of unintended pregnancy were increased for married non-Hispanic White women who reported IPV compared to their non-abused counterparts even after controlling for sociodemographic factors, health care access, and reproductive history.
AHRQ-funded; HS021504.
Citation:
Masho SW, Rozario S, Walker D .
Racial differences and the role of marital status in the association between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy.
J Interpers Violence 2018 Oct;33(20):3162-85. doi: 10.1177/0886260516635317..
Keywords:
Domestic Violence, Pregnancy, Racial / Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Shah AN, Beck AF, Sucharew HJ
Parental adverse childhood experiences and resilience on coping after discharge.
Researchers sought to quantify adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and resilience scores for parents of hospitalized children and evaluate their associations to parental coping after discharge. They concluded that more parental adversity and less resilience are associated with parental coping difficulties after discharge, representing potentially important levers for transition-focused interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS024735.
Citation:
Shah AN, Beck AF, Sucharew HJ .
Parental adverse childhood experiences and resilience on coping after discharge.
Pediatrics 2018 Apr;141(4). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-2127.
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Keywords:
Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Domestic Violence, Family Health and History, Hospitalization
Ragavan MI, Fikre T, Millner U
The impact of domestic violence exposure on South Asian children in the United States: perspectives of domestic violence agency staff.
The goal of this study was to examine the needs of South Asian children subjected to domestic violence, from the perspective of staff in domestic violence agencies across the U.S. in order to determine if the children required culture-specific resources. Thirty interviews were conducted; participants described factors important to understanding the impact of domestic violence on South Asian children and discussed the development of culturally tailored resources. The findings suggests that framing South Asian children's experiences within the context of interweaving South Asian and American cultural values, with attention focused on how potential culture clashes may impact the way children that process trauma, is important. The authors recommend that further work triangulate these themes between children, parents, and extended family and in collaboration with domestic violence agencies.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation:
Ragavan MI, Fikre T, Millner U .
The impact of domestic violence exposure on South Asian children in the United States: perspectives of domestic violence agency staff.
Child Abuse Negl 2018 Feb;76:250-60. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.006..
Keywords:
Access to Care, Children/Adolescents, Cultural Competence, Domestic Violence, Family Health and History, Racial / Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations
Davidov DM, Davis SM, Zhu M
Intimate partner violence-related hospitalizations in Appalachia and the non-Appalachian United States.
The objective of this study was to estimate the rate of intimate partner violence -related hospitalizations in Appalachia and the non-Appalachian United States for 2007-2011 and compare hospitalizations in each region by clinical and sociodemographic factors.. After adjusting for age and rurality, Appalachian counties had a 22 percent higher hospitalization rate than non-Appalachian counties.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation:
Davidov DM, Davis SM, Zhu M .
Intimate partner violence-related hospitalizations in Appalachia and the non-Appalachian United States.
PLoS One 2017 Sep 8;12(9):e0184222. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184222.
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Keywords:
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Domestic Violence, Hospitalization, Social Determinants of Health, Rural Health
McCloskey LA
The effects of gender-based violence on women's unwanted pregnancy and abortion.
The authors sought to understand how gender-based violence across the life-course affects the likelihood of abortion and studied four different forms of gender-based abuse. They found that no single form of abuse predicted abortion; however, the cumulative effect of multiple forms of abuse did increase the odds of abortion. The authors suggested that priority in future research should be given to screening for multiple forms of victimization in reproductive healthcare settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS011088.
Citation:
McCloskey LA .
The effects of gender-based violence on women's unwanted pregnancy and abortion.
Yale J Biol Med 2016 Jun;89(2):153-9.
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Keywords:
Domestic Violence, Family Health and History, Pregnancy, Women
Cha S, Chapman DA, Wan W
Intimate partner violence and postpartum contraceptive use: the role of race/ethnicity and prenatal birth control counseling.
The objective of the study was to examine the extent to which intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is associated with postpartum contraceptive use among women in the United States. Approximately 6.2 percent of women reported IPV, and 15.5 percent reported no postpartum contraceptive use. Regardless of the timing of abuse, IPV-exposed women were significantly less likely to report contraceptive use after delivery.
AHRQ-funded; HS023724.
Citation:
Cha S, Chapman DA, Wan W .
Intimate partner violence and postpartum contraceptive use: the role of race/ethnicity and prenatal birth control counseling.
Contraception 2015 Sep;92(3):268-75. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.04.009..
Keywords:
Domestic Violence, Sexual Health, Women, Pregnancy
Raghavan R, Brown DS, Allaire BT
Challenges in using Medicaid claims to ascertain child maltreatment.
Using data from the first National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being and Medicaid claims, this study assessed the validity of Medicaid codes in identifying maltreatment. Medicaid claims identify maltreatment in only 15 percent of all children identified by the child’s investigating child welfare worker as having been maltreated.
AHRQ-funded; HS020269.
Citation:
Raghavan R, Brown DS, Allaire BT .
Challenges in using Medicaid claims to ascertain child maltreatment.
Challenges in using Medicaid claims to ascertain child maltreatment..
Keywords:
Domestic Violence, Children/Adolescents, Medicaid
Okuda M, Olfson M, Wang S
Correlates of intimate partner violence perpetration: results from a National Epidemiologic Survey.
This study presents data on the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and rates of psychiatric disorders, and other correlates. It finds that being younger, having an alcohol use disorder, a personality disorder, low levels of social support, and low income were associated with perpetration. Across a wide range of factors, IPV victimization itself had the strongest association with perpetration.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation:
Okuda M, Olfson M, Wang S .
Correlates of intimate partner violence perpetration: results from a National Epidemiologic Survey.
J Trauma Stress 2015 Feb;28(1):49-56. doi: 10.1002/jts.21986..
Keywords:
Domestic Violence, Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Social Determinants of Health
Klevens J, Barnett SB, Florence C
Exploring policies for the reduction of child physical abuse and neglect.
This article identifies 37 state policies that might have impacts on the social determinants of child maltreatment and utilizes the available data to explore effects of 11 policies. There were two policies that were significantly associated with decreased child maltreatment rates: lack of waitlists to access subsidized child care and policies that facilitate continuity of child health care.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation:
Klevens J, Barnett SB, Florence C .
Exploring policies for the reduction of child physical abuse and neglect.
Child Abuse Negl 2015 Feb;40:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.013.
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Keywords:
Domestic Violence, Children/Adolescents, Policy, Risk
Gilbert AL, Bauer NS, Carroll AE
Child exposure to parental violence and psychological distress associated with delayed milestones.
The researchers examined the association between parental report of intimate partner violence (IPV) and parental psychological distress (PPD) with child attainment of developmental milestones. They found that parental report of both IPV and PPD during the first 72 months of a child’s life is significantly associated with developmental milestone failure across all 4 developmental domains and within the domains of language, personal-social, and gross motor development.
AHRQ-funded; HS017939; HS018453.
Citation:
Gilbert AL, Bauer NS, Carroll AE .
Child exposure to parental violence and psychological distress associated with delayed milestones.
Pediatrics 2013 Dec;132(6):e1577-83. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-1020..
Keywords:
Children/Adolescents, Domestic Violence, Family Health and History, Depression, Anxiety, Behavioral Health
