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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 3 of 3 Research Studies DisplayedButler AM, Durkin MJ, Keller MR
Association of adverse events with antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infection.
The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of relative harms associated with different antibiotics prescribed for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). The researchers identified 1,169,033 healthy, nonpregnant women between the ages of 18 to 44 who had an uncomplicated UTI and who initiated an oral antibiotic regimen for the treatment of common uropathogens between July 2006 and September 2015. The study found that of the two first-line treatments, the drug trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (versus nitrofurantoin) was associated with a higher risk of adverse drug-related events including: hypersensitivity, acute renal failure, skin rash, urticaria, abdominal pain, and nausea/ vomiting, but a similar risk of adverse possible microbiome-related events. When researchers compared non-first line drugs with nitrofurantoin, the non-first line drugs were associated with a greater risk of adverse drug events and possible microbiome-related adverse events including non-Clostridium difficile diarrhea, C. difficile infection, vaginitis/vulvovaginal candidiasis, and pneumonia. The duration of the treatment influenced the risk of possible microbiome-related adverse events. The study concluded that the risk of adverse events differs widely by both antibiotic drug and duration of regimen.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Butler AM, Durkin MJ, Keller MR .
Association of adverse events with antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infection.
Clin Infect Dis 2022 Apr 28;74(8):1408-18. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab637..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Clostridium difficile Infections
Donnelly JP, Wang HE, Locke JE
Hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients.
The researchers examined hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) from 2012 to 2014 among transplant recipients in the University HealthSystem Consortium, which includes academic medical center-affiliated hospitals in the United States. They found that factors associated with CDI among transplant recipients included transplant type, risk of mortality, comorbidities, and inpatient complications.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Donnelly JP, Wang HE, Locke JE .
Hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant 2015 Nov;15(11):2970-7. doi: 10.1111/ajt.13491.
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Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Transplantation, Adverse Events, Mortality
Abdelsattar ZM, Krapohl G, Alrahmani L
Postoperative burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection.
The researchers studied clostridium dificile infection (CDI) across diverse surgical settings. They found that incidence of postoperative CDI varied by surgical procedure and was associated with higher rates of extended length of stay, emergency room presentations, and readmissions, placing a potentially preventable burden on hospital resources.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053.
Citation: Abdelsattar ZM, Krapohl G, Alrahmani L .
Postoperative burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Jan;36(1):40-6. doi: 10.1017/ice.2014.8.
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Keywords: Surgery, Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Adverse Events, Hospitals