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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
176 to 200 of 788 Research Studies DisplayedGarsa A, Jang JK, Baxi S
Radiation therapy for brain metastases: a systematic review.
This systematic review synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. A literature search was conducted using the major medical databases and included randomized controlled trials and large observational studies which evaluated whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. No statistically significant difference in overall survival was found with a combination of SRS plus WBRT compared with SRS alone or WBRT alone. Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone. WBRT plus systemic therapy was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared with WBRT alone. There was not enough data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500010I.
Citation: Garsa A, Jang JK, Baxi S .
Radiation therapy for brain metastases: a systematic review.
Pract Radiat Oncol 2021 Sep-Oct;11(5):354-65. doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2021.04.002..
Keywords: Cancer, Surgery, Treatments, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Fan T, Stefanos R
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Screening for colorectal cancer.
This AHRQ-authored Putting Preventions in Practice quiz has three questions and answers on the US Preventive Services Task Force final recommendation on screening for colorectal cancer. A case study is presented with questions on the best behavioral interventions, the effect of a patient’s age on the counseling approach, and what is an appropriate test and interval for colorectal screening. References are also provided at the end of the answers.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Fan T, Stefanos R .
Screening for colorectal cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2021 Sep 1;104(3):295-96..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Case Study
Marchetti KA, Oerline M, Hollenbeck BK
Urology workforce changes and implications for prostate cancer care among Medicare enrollees.
The purpose of this study was to characterize national trends in urologist workforce, practice organization, and management of incident prostate cancer. The investigators characterized shifts in urologist membership from smaller, independent groups to larger, multispecialty or hospital-owned practices. They indicated that this trend coincided with higher utilization of observation and surgical treatment for prostate cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS025707.
Citation: Marchetti KA, Oerline M, Hollenbeck BK .
Urology workforce changes and implications for prostate cancer care among Medicare enrollees.
Urology 2021 Sep;155:77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.12.051..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Workforce, Practice Patterns
Sella T, Poorvu PD, Ruddy KJ
Impact of fertility concerns on endocrine therapy decisions in young breast cancer survivors.
The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can have profound effects on a young woman's family planning and fertility, particularly among women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. In this paper the authors discuss the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study, a multicenter cohort of women aged 40 years or younger and newly diagnosed with breast cancer from 2006 to 2016. The investigators concluded that concern about fertility was a contributor to adjuvant ET decisions among a substantial proportion of young breast cancer survivors.
AHRQ-funded; HS023680.
Citation: Sella T, Poorvu PD, Ruddy KJ .
Impact of fertility concerns on endocrine therapy decisions in young breast cancer survivors.
Cancer 2021 Aug 15;127(16):2888-94. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33596..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Women, Pregnancy, Decision Making
Choi DT, Davila JA, Sansgiry S
Factors associated with delay of diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.
Researchers examined the frequency of and factors associated with delays in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a cohort of patients with cirrhosis in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Data was collected and analyzed from VHA electronic health records. They found that nearly half of veterans with cirrhosis have delays in diagnosis of HCC of 60 days or more after a red flag, defined by guidelines. They recommended interventions to improve timely follow-up of red flags and adherence to guidelines in order to increase early detection of HCC.
AHRQ-funded; HS027363.
Citation: Choi DT, Davila JA, Sansgiry S .
Factors associated with delay of diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021 Aug;19(8):1679-87. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.026..
Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Klein IA, Rosenberg SM, Reynolds KL
Impact of cancer history on outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Researchers investigated whether a current cancer diagnosis or cancer history is an independent risk factor for death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. They found that patients with a history of cancer hospitalized for COVID-19 had similar mortality to matched hospitalized patients with COVID-19 without cancer, and a lower risk of complications, while patients with active cancer or recent cancer treatment had a similar risk for adverse outcomes compared with survivors of cancer. They concluded that active cancer, systemic cancer therapy, and a cancer history are not independent risk factors for death from COVID-19 among hospitalized patients, and hospitalized patients without cancer are more likely to have severe COVID-19.
AHRQ-funded; HS023680.
Citation: Klein IA, Rosenberg SM, Reynolds KL .
Impact of cancer history on outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Oncologist 2021 Aug;26(8):685-93. doi: 10.1002/onco.13794..
Keywords: COVID-19, Cancer, Risk, Mortality, Hospitalization, Outcomes
Borsky AE, Zuvekas SH, Kent EE
AHRQ Author: Borsky AE, Zuvekas SH
Understanding the characteristics of US cancer survivors with informal caregivers.
This AHRQ-authored paper’s purpose is to provide a national representative description of the sociodemographic characteristics of cancer survivors who have or had an informal caregiver. Cross-sectional data from the MEPS Experiences With Cancer Survivorship Supplement survey in 2011, 2016, and 2017 was used. The study population consisted of 720 US adult survivors of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer who were treated for cancer less than 3 years before the survey and were living in the community. A total of 55.2% of cancer survivors reported having an informal caregiving during or after their cancer treatment. Males were more likely to have a spouse as their caregiver and females were more likely to have a child. Cancer survivors who were female, were married, were of a non-White race/ethnicity, or were in poor health were more likely to have an informal caregiver.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Borsky AE, Zuvekas SH, Kent EE .
Understanding the characteristics of US cancer survivors with informal caregivers.
Cancer 2021 Aug 1;127(15):2752-61. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33535..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Cancer, Caregiving
Cunningham-Erves J, Campbell L, Barlow C
Reducing HPV associated cancers and disparities: engaging African American men to develop a culturally-appropriate program that addresses their needs.
Reducing HPV associated cancers and disparities: engaging African American men to develop a culturally-appropriate program that addresses their needs.
Am J Health Educ 2021;52(4):194-206. doi: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1930614.
This paper discusses the results of the Healthy Men, Healthy Communities program that aims to improve preventive behaviors among African American men to reduce HPV-related cancer disparities. An educational intervention was developed using cultural-targeting strategies such as linguistics, peripherals, evidence, socio-culture, and constituent-involving. Research team members were recruited from community-based (CBO) leaders. Three focus groups, 30 surveys, and a community review and program evaluation with African American men were conducted. The five focus group themes were: 1) The Known and Unknown of Cancer, HPV, and the vaccine; (2) Personal experiences with cancer were commonplace; (3) Barriers to Engaging HPV Cancer Preventive Behaviors; (4) Multi-Modal Strategies are needed to improve preventive behaviors; and (5) Actual versus Preferred Sources of Information. Survey data showed men desired information on penile (52%) and oral cancer (48%). A speaker summit on various topics was the preferred education format (96%). A post-summit evaluation indicated most males intended to get screened (73%), eat healthier (77%), and exercise more (65%). After these interventions the HPV vaccine was administered to about 40% of the men, and their children and grandchildren.
Am J Health Educ 2021;52(4):194-206. doi: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1930614.
This paper discusses the results of the Healthy Men, Healthy Communities program that aims to improve preventive behaviors among African American men to reduce HPV-related cancer disparities. An educational intervention was developed using cultural-targeting strategies such as linguistics, peripherals, evidence, socio-culture, and constituent-involving. Research team members were recruited from community-based (CBO) leaders. Three focus groups, 30 surveys, and a community review and program evaluation with African American men were conducted. The five focus group themes were: 1) The Known and Unknown of Cancer, HPV, and the vaccine; (2) Personal experiences with cancer were commonplace; (3) Barriers to Engaging HPV Cancer Preventive Behaviors; (4) Multi-Modal Strategies are needed to improve preventive behaviors; and (5) Actual versus Preferred Sources of Information. Survey data showed men desired information on penile (52%) and oral cancer (48%). A speaker summit on various topics was the preferred education format (96%). A post-summit evaluation indicated most males intended to get screened (73%), eat healthier (77%), and exercise more (65%). After these interventions the HPV vaccine was administered to about 40% of the men, and their children and grandchildren.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Cunningham-Erves J, Campbell L, Barlow C .
Reducing HPV associated cancers and disparities: engaging African American men to develop a culturally-appropriate program that addresses their needs.
Am J Health Educ 2021;52(4):194-206. doi: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1930614..
Keywords: Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Cancer, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Men's Health, Prevention, Health Promotion, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Gerber DE, Hamann HA, Dorsey O
Clinician variation in ordering and completion of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening in a safety-net medical system.
Less than 5% of eligible individuals in the United States undergo lung cancer screening. Variation in clinicians' participation in lung cancer screening has not been determined. In this study the investigators examined medical providers who ordered ≥ 1 low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening from February 2017 through February 2019 in an integrated safety-net healthcare system. The investigators concluded that in an integrated safety-net healthcare system, most adult primary care providers ordered LDCT.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Gerber DE, Hamann HA, Dorsey O .
Clinician variation in ordering and completion of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening in a safety-net medical system.
Clin Lung Cancer 2021 Jul;22(4):e612-e20. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2020.12.001..
Keywords: Imaging, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer
Caram MEV, Burns J, Kumbier K
Factors influencing treatment of veterans with advanced prostate cancer.
This study examined factors influencing treatment of veterans with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Clinician and nonclinical factors associated with the first-line treatment for CPRC using data from the Veterans Health Administration was used. Almost 5000 patients who received abiraterone, enzalutamide, docetaxel, or ketoconazole from 2010 through 2017 were identified. Increasing age was associated with receipt of abiraterone or enzalutamide versus docetaxel. Greater preexisting comorbidity was associated with enzalutamide versus abiraterone. Patients with higher PSA values at the start of treatment were more likely to receive docetaxel than the other three treatments. African American men were more likely to receive ketoconazole.
AHRQ-funded; HS025707.
Citation: Caram MEV, Burns J, Kumbier K .
Factors influencing treatment of veterans with advanced prostate cancer.
Cancer 2021 Jul 1;127(13):2311-18. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33485..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Men's Health, Treatments
Shipe ME, Haddad DN, Deppen SA
Modeling the impact of delaying the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer during COVID-19
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led surgical societies to recommend delaying diagnosis and treatment of suspected lung cancer for lesions less than 2 cm. The COVID-19 infection rate at which immediate operative risk exceeds benefit is unknown. Delaying diagnosis can lead to disease progression, but the impact of this delay on mortality is unknown. In this study, the investigators sought to model immediate versus delayed surgical resection in a suspicious lung nodule less than 2 cm.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Shipe ME, Haddad DN, Deppen SA .
Modeling the impact of delaying the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer during COVID-19
Ann Thorac Surg 2021 Jul;112(1):248-54. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.08.025..
Keywords: COVID-19, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Case Study, Risk
Richardson DR, Oakes AH, Crossnohere NL
Prioritizing the worries of AML patients: Quantifying patient experience using best-worst scaling.
Although patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience significant toxicities and poor outcomes, few studies have quantified patients' experience. In this study, a community-centered approach was used to develop an AML-specific best-worst scaling (BWS) instrument involving 13 items in four domains (psychological, physical, decision-making, treatment delivery) to quantify patient worry. A survey of patients and caregivers was conducted using the instrument. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Richardson DR, Oakes AH, Crossnohere NL .
Prioritizing the worries of AML patients: Quantifying patient experience using best-worst scaling.
Psychooncology 2021 Jul;30(7):1104-11. doi: 10.1002/pon.5652..
Keywords: Cancer, Patient Experience, Caregiving, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Tracer H, Pierre J
AHRQ Author: Tracer H
Screening for lung cancer.
This paper is part of the “Putting Prevention into Practice” series. It provides an evidence-based case study related to lung cancer screening. Questions and answers related to the case are included.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Tracer H, Pierre J .
Screening for lung cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2021 Jul 1;104(1):79-80..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Prevention, Case Study, Evidence-Based Practice
Rosko AJ, Gay BL, Reyes-Gastelum D
Surgeons' attitudes on total thyroidectomy vs lobectomy for management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer has increased in the past 25 years without a clear increase in thyroid cancer deaths. Given these findings, there has been a shift toward recommending conservative surgical options, with current management guidelines favoring lobectomy, especially for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. The aim of this study was to identify surgeons’ attitudes regarding surgical management of microcarcinomas with the hypothesis that surgeons consider other factors, in addition to tumor size, when selecting a surgical procedure.
AHRQ-funded; HS024512.
Citation: Rosko AJ, Gay BL, Reyes-Gastelum D .
Surgeons' attitudes on total thyroidectomy vs lobectomy for management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021 Jul;147(7):667-69. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.0525..
Keywords: Cancer, Surgery, Practice Patterns, Provider: Physician
Herb JN, Ollila DW, Stitzenberg KB
Use and costs of sentinel lymph node biopsy in non-ulcerated T1b melanoma: analysis of a population-based registry.
This study looked at the utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for non-ulcerated T1b melanoma. The aim of the study was to estimate SLNB use, positivity, prevalence, and procedural costs in patients with non-ulcerated T1b melanoma using a population-based registry. Patients with clinically node-negative, non-ulcerated T1b melanoma were identified in the SEER database from 2010 to 2016. Among 7245 included patients, 53% underwent SLNB of which 156 (4.1%) had a positive SLNB. Higher odds of positivity were associated with younger age, >1 mitosis per mm2, female sex, and truncal tumor location. Estimated SLNB costs to identify one patient with Stage II disease was $71,700. Out-of-pocket expenses for a Medicare patient was estimated to be $652 for a wide local excision (WLE) and SLNB and $79 for WLE alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Herb JN, Ollila DW, Stitzenberg KB .
Use and costs of sentinel lymph node biopsy in non-ulcerated T1b melanoma: analysis of a population-based registry.
Ann Surg Oncol 2021 Jul;28(7):3470-78. doi: 10.1245/s10434-021-09998-6..
Keywords: Cancer: Skin Cancer, Cancer, Surgery, Healthcare Costs, Skin Conditions
Chen DW, Reyes-Gastelum D, Hawley ST
Unmet information needs among Hispanic women with thyroid cancer.
The authors sought to determine the relationship between acculturation level and unmet information needs among Hispanic women with thyroid cancer. They assessed acculturation with the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics. They found that low-acculturated (vs high-acculturated) Hispanic women with thyroid cancer have greater unmet information needs, emphasizing the importance of patient-focused approaches to providing medical information.
AHRQ-funded; HS024512.
Citation: Chen DW, Reyes-Gastelum D, Hawley ST .
Unmet information needs among Hispanic women with thyroid cancer.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Jun 16;106(7):e2680-e87. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab128..
Keywords: Cancer, Women, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Cultural Competence
Glenn BA, Nonzee NJ, Tieu L
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the transition between adolescence and adulthood.
This study looked at the barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young adults receiving care at the student health center of a large public university. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews (n=27) and four focus groups with undergraduate and graduate students (n=18) and semi-structured interviews with 6 health care providers. The interviews and focus groups explored perceived risk of HPV infection, benefits of the HPV vaccine, and motivations for and barriers to HPV vaccination. Many students cited their parents’ views and recommendations from their medical providers as influential on their decision-making process. Cervical cancer prevention was considered the main benefit of the HPV vaccine and sexual activity was a risk factor for HPV infection. Students often lacked knowledge about the vaccine’s benefit for males. Safety and side effects of the vaccine perceived as new were also cited. Providers’ vaccine recommendations were impacted by health system factors including clinical infrastructure, office visit priorities, and processes for recommending and documentation vaccination. Providers suggested various promotion strategies including improving the timing and messaging of outreach efforts on campus and bolstering clinical infrastructure.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Glenn BA, Nonzee NJ, Tieu L .
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the transition between adolescence and adulthood.
Vaccine 2021 Jun 8;39(25):3435-44. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.019..
Keywords: Young Adults, Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination, Prevention, Cancer: Cervical Cancer, Cancer, Women
Brauer DG, Wu N, Keller MR
Care fragmentation and mortality in readmission after surgery for hepatopancreatobiliary and gastric cancer: a patient-level and hospital-level analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project administrative database.
This study investigates patient-level and hospital-level variables associated with the mortality difference at referral centers and, postoperatively, outside hospitals, in patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) and gastric oncologic surgeries. Using HCUP data, findings showed that, for readmissions following HPB and gastric oncologic surgery, travel distance and timing were major determinants of care fragmentation. However, these variables were not associated with mortality, nor was annual hospital surgical volume after risk-adjustment.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Brauer DG, Wu N, Keller MR .
Care fragmentation and mortality in readmission after surgery for hepatopancreatobiliary and gastric cancer: a patient-level and hospital-level analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project administrative database.
J Am Coll Surg 2021 Jun;232(6):921-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.03.017..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Cancer, Surgery, Hospital Readmissions, Mortality
Medbery RL, Fernandez FG, Kosinski AS
Costs associated with lobectomy for lung cancer: an analysis merging STS and Medicare data.
Researchers sought to identify underlying case mix factors that contribute to variability of 90-day costs of lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer. Using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database, they found that lobectomy is associated with substantial variability of episode-of-care costs. Variability is driven by patient demographic and clinical factors, hospital characteristics, and the occurrence and severity of complications.
AHRQ-funded; R01 HS022279.
Citation: Medbery RL, Fernandez FG, Kosinski AS .
Costs associated with lobectomy for lung cancer: an analysis merging STS and Medicare data.
Ann Thorac Surg 2021 Jun;111(6):1781-90. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.08.073..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Healthcare Costs, Surgery, Elderly, Medicare
Pasalic D, Barocas DA, Huang LC
Five-year outcomes from a prospective comparative effectiveness study evaluating external-beam radiotherapy with or without low-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for localized prostate cancer.
This retrospective cohort study’s objective was to determine if there were differences in treatment-related regret or survival between prostate cancer patients who received external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without a brachytherapy boost (EBRT-LDR), over a 5-year period. The cohort included 695 men who met inclusion criteria and received either EBRT (n=583) or EBRT-LDR (n=112). Men who received either treatment reported clinically worse urinary irritation and bowel function through 3 years but resolved after 5 years. Men who received EBRT-LDR continued to report moderate- to-big problems with urinary function bother and frequent urination at 5 years. There was no difference in treatment-related regret or survival between patients who received either treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS019356; HS022640.
Citation: Pasalic D, Barocas DA, Huang LC .
Five-year outcomes from a prospective comparative effectiveness study evaluating external-beam radiotherapy with or without low-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for localized prostate cancer.
Cancer 2021 Jun 1;127(11):1912-25. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33388..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Treatments
Cowper PA, Feng L, Kosinski AS
Initial and longitudinal cost of surgical resection for lung cancer.
This study looked at the 4-year longitudinal cost of surgical resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study describes initial and 4-year resource use and cost for NSCLC patients aged 65 years of age or older who were treated surgically from 2008 to 2013. Clinical data for NSCLC resections from The Society of Thoracic Surgery Database linked to Medicare claims, resource use and cost of preoperative staging, surgery, and subsequent care through 4 years were examined. Outcomes were stratified by pathologic stage and surgical approach for stage I lobectomy patients. In the first 90 days costs ranged from $12,430 for stage I to $26,350 for stage IV. Cumulative costs ranged from $131,032 for stage I to $205,368 for stage IV. For the stage I lobectomy cohort, patients who had minimally invasive procedures had lower 4-year costs than thoracotomy patients ($120,346 versus $136,250).
AHRQ-funded; R01 HS022279.
Citation: Cowper PA, Feng L, Kosinski AS .
Initial and longitudinal cost of surgical resection for lung cancer.
Ann Thorac Surg 2021 Jun;111(6):1827-33. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.07.048..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Surgery, Healthcare Costs
Archambault AN, Lin Y, Jeon J
Nongenetic determinants of risk for early-onset colorectal cancer.
This study compared whether risk factors associated with late-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) were also linked to early-onset CRC which is defined as onset younger than 50 years of age. Data was pooled from 13 population-based studies using 3767 CRC cases and 4040 controls aged younger than 50 years and 23,437 CRC cases and 35,311 controls aged 50 years and older. Early-onset CRC was not associated with any of the risk factors for late-onset CRC (regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, greater red meat intake, lower educational attainment, alcohol abstinence, and heavier alcohol use). The authors also evaluated risks by anatomic subsite and found that lower total fiber intake was linked more strongly to rectal than colon cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation: Archambault AN, Lin Y, Jeon J .
Nongenetic determinants of risk for early-onset colorectal cancer.
JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021 Jun;5(3):pkab029. doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkab029..
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cancer, Risk
Spalluto LB, Lewis JA, Stolldorf D
Organizational readiness for lung cancer screening: a cross-sectional evaluation at a Veterans Affairs medical center.
Lung cancer has the highest cancer-related mortality in the United States and among Veterans. Screening of high-risk individuals with low-dose CT (LDCT) can improve survival through detection of early-stage lung cancer. Organizational factors that aid or impede implementation of this evidence-based practice in diverse populations are not well described. In this study, the investigators evaluated organizational readiness for change and change valence (belief that change is beneficial and valuable) for implementation of LDCT screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Spalluto LB, Lewis JA, Stolldorf D .
Organizational readiness for lung cancer screening: a cross-sectional evaluation at a Veterans Affairs medical center.
J Am Coll Radiol 2021 Jun;18(6):809-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.12.010..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Implementation, Organizational Change
Papaleontiou M, Zebrack B, Reyes-Gastelum D
Physician management of thyroid cancer patients' worry.
This study’s purpose was to understand physician management of thyroid cancer-related worry. Endocrinologists, general surgeons, and otolaryngologists identified by Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) patients were surveyed in 2018 to 2019. The response rate was 69% with 448 physicians responding. Physicians reported their patients as quite/very worried (65%), very worried (27%), and a little/not worried (8%) at diagnosis, with half telling their patients that thyroid cancer is a “good cancer”. Otolaryngologists, private practice, and West Coast (Los Angeles versus Georgia) were associated with using the term “good cancer”. Physician response to worries were good, with 97% of physicians making themselves available for discussion, 44% referring their patients to educational websites, 18% encouraging communication with family/friends, 13% referring their patients to support groups, and 7% referring them to counselors. Physicians who perceived their patients as being quite/very worried were less likely to use the term “good cancer” and more likely to encourage patients to seek help outside the physician-patient relationship.
AHRQ-funded; HS024512.
Citation: Papaleontiou M, Zebrack B, Reyes-Gastelum D .
Physician management of thyroid cancer patients' worry.
J Cancer Surviv 2021 Jun;15(3):418-26. doi: 10.1007/s11764-020-00937-0..
Keywords: Cancer, Provider: Physician, Provider
Hochheimer CJ, Sabo RT, Tong ST
Practice, clinician, and patient factors associated with the adoption of lung cancer screening.
This study sought to assess lung cancer screening uptake in three health systems. Findings showed that certain patients appeared more likely to be screened. Of the three systems studied, the only one with increased lung cancer screening explicitly promoted screening rather than relying on clinicians to implement the new 2013 USPSTF guideline.
AHRQ-funded; HS025032.
Citation: Hochheimer CJ, Sabo RT, Tong ST .
Practice, clinician, and patient factors associated with the adoption of lung cancer screening.
J Med Screen 2021 Jun;28(2):158-62. doi: 10.1177/0969141320937326..
Keywords: Cancer: Lung Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Guidelines