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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
9701 to 9725 of 12139 Research Studies DisplayedFlickinger TE, Saha S, Roter D
Respecting patients is associated with more patient-centered communication behaviors in clinical encounters.
The researchers investigated whether respect for patients was associated with communication behaviors during HIV care encounters. They found that respect is associated with positive and patient-centered communication behaviors during encounters. They recommended that clinicians should be mindful of their respectful attitudes and work to foster positive regard for patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS013903.
Citation: Flickinger TE, Saha S, Roter D .
Respecting patients is associated with more patient-centered communication behaviors in clinical encounters.
Patient Educ Couns 2016 Feb;99(2):250-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.08.020.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient and Family Engagement, Patient Experience, Clinician-Patient Communication
Reynolds RJ, Vazquez AI, Srinivasasainagendra V
Serum urate gene associations with incident gout, measured in the Framingham Heart Study, are modified by renal disease and not by body mass index.
The researchers hypothesized that serum urate-associated SNPs, individually or collectively, interact with BMI and renal disease to contribute to risk of incident gout. They measured the incidence of gout and associated comorbidities using the original and offspring cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study. They demonstrated that minor alleles of rs1106766 (intergenic, INHBC) were negatively associated with the risk of incident gout in subjects without renal disease, but not for individuals with renal disease.
AHRQ-funded; HS021110.
Citation: Reynolds RJ, Vazquez AI, Srinivasasainagendra V .
Serum urate gene associations with incident gout, measured in the Framingham Heart Study, are modified by renal disease and not by body mass index.
Rheumatol Int 2016 Feb;36(2):263-70. doi: 10.1007/s00296-015-3364-4.
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Keywords: Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERTs), Evidence-Based Practice, Genetics, Risk, Obesity
Epps KC, Holper EM, Selzer F
Sex differences in outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention according to age.
Women <50 years of age with coronary artery disease may represent a group at higher risk for recurrent ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); however, no long-term, multicenter outcomes assessment exists in this population. This study found that, compared with older women, younger women remained at increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, whereas all outcome rates were similar in older women and men.
AHRQ-funded; HS000009.
Citation: Epps KC, Holper EM, Selzer F .
Sex differences in outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention according to age.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2016 Feb;9(2 Suppl 1):S16-25. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.115.002482.
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Keywords: Women, Heart Disease and Health, Outcomes, Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions
Stults CD, McCuistion MH, Frosch DL
Shared medical appointments: a promising innovation to improve patient engagement and ease the primary care provider shortage.
The authors examined the patient's perspective on participation in shared medical appointments (SMAs). They conducted five focus groups in the San Francisco Bay Area. They concluded that SMAs improve access, engagement with physicians and other patients, and knowledge of patients' health, as well as also helping to ease the workload for primary care physicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS019167.
Citation: Stults CD, McCuistion MH, Frosch DL .
Shared medical appointments: a promising innovation to improve patient engagement and ease the primary care provider shortage.
Popul Health Manag 2016 Feb;19(1):11-6. doi: 10.1089/pop.2015.0008.
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Keywords: Patient and Family Engagement, Primary Care, Healthcare Delivery
Mandl LA, Zhu R, Huang WT
Short-term total hip arthroplasty outcomes in patients with psoriatic arthritis or psoriatic skin disease compared to patients with osteoarthritis.
This study was undertaken to assess whether patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or those with cutaneous psoriasis (PsC) without evidence of inflammatory joint disease are at an increased risk for worse outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) as compared to patients with osteoarthritis (OA). It concluded that neither PsA nor PsC are risk factors for poor outcomes after THA.
AHRQ-funded; HS016075.
Citation: Mandl LA, Zhu R, Huang WT .
Short-term total hip arthroplasty outcomes in patients with psoriatic arthritis or psoriatic skin disease compared to patients with osteoarthritis.
Arthritis Rheumatol 2016 Feb;68(2):410-7. doi: 10.1002/art.39431.
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Keywords: Arthritis, Surgery, Registries, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
O'Neil B, Koyama T, Alvarez J
The comparative harms of open and robotic prostatectomy in population based samples.
Using population cohort data,the researchers examined sexual and urinary function in men undergoing open radical prostatectomy vs those undergoing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. They found that men undergoing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy likely experience less decline in early urinary continence and sexual function than those undergoing open radical prostatectomy.
AHRQ-funded; HS019356; HS022640.
Citation: O'Neil B, Koyama T, Alvarez J .
The comparative harms of open and robotic prostatectomy in population based samples.
J Urol 2016 Feb;195(2):321-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.08.092.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Surgery, Adverse Events
Lipton BJ, Decker SL
AHRQ Author: Decker SL
The effect of Medicaid adult vision coverage on the likelihood of appropriate correction of distance vision: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
This paper examined whether providing adult vision benefits is associated with an increase in the percentage of low-income individuals with appropriately corrected distance vision as measured during an eye exam. Findings imply that Medicaid adult vision coverage is associated with a significant increase in the percentage of Medicaid beneficiaries with appropriately corrected distance vision.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Lipton BJ, Decker SL .
The effect of Medicaid adult vision coverage on the likelihood of appropriate correction of distance vision: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Soc Sci Med 2016 Feb;150:258-67. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.055.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Eye Disease and Health, Health Insurance, Low-Income, Medicaid
Gartlehner G, Dobrescu A, Evans TS
The predictive validity of quality of evidence grades for the stability of effect estimates was low: a meta-epidemiological study.
This study sought to determine the predictive validity of the U.S. Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) approach to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). It concluded that the limited predictive validity of the EPC approach to GRADE seems to reflect a mismatch between expected and observed changes in treatment effects as bodies of evidence advance from insufficient to high quality of evidence.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200008I.
Citation: Gartlehner G, Dobrescu A, Evans TS .
The predictive validity of quality of evidence grades for the stability of effect estimates was low: a meta-epidemiological study.
J Clin Epidemiol 2016 Feb;70:52-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.018.
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Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies, Quality Measures
Hasvold J, Sjoding M, Pohl K
The role of human metapneumovirus in the critically ill adult patient.
The purpose of the study is to describe the role of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in critical illness and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It concluded that although most patients hospitalized with hMPV had chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, hMPV can also be associated with serious respiratory illness and ARDS in adult patients without significant comorbidities or immunosuppression.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Hasvold J, Sjoding M, Pohl K .
The role of human metapneumovirus in the critically ill adult patient.
J Crit Care 2016 Feb;31(1):233-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.09.035.
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Keywords: Critical Care, Respiratory Conditions, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hospitalization
Waljee JF, Zhong L, Hou H
The use of opioid analgesics following common upper extremity surgical procedures: a national, population-based study.
The authors examined the use of opioids following outpatient upper extremity procedures to discern the variation by procedure type and patient factors. They found that current opioid users are more likely to require postoperative opioid analgesics for routine procedures and more likely to receive inappropriate prescriptions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Waljee JF, Zhong L, Hou H .
The use of opioid analgesics following common upper extremity surgical procedures: a national, population-based study.
Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Feb;137(2):355e-64e. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000475788.52446.7b..
Keywords: Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Medication, Opioids, Pain, Surgery
Shen C, Tina Shih YC
Therapeutic substitutions in the midst of new technology diffusion: the case of treatment for localized prostate cancer.
The authors studied the impact of the fast diffusion of robotic surgical systems on the overall treatment pattern of localized prostate cancer. They found that the density of robotic systems at state-level had a significantly positive impact on the rate of surgery and a significantly negative impact on the rate of radiation therapy. They concluded that part of the increase in the rate of surgery was driven by substitution across treatment types with a large proportion originating from the younger population.
AHRQ-funded; HS018535; HS020263.
Citation: Shen C, Tina Shih YC .
Therapeutic substitutions in the midst of new technology diffusion: the case of treatment for localized prostate cancer.
Soc Sci Med 2016 Feb;151:110-20. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.016.
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Keywords: Surgery, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Healthcare Costs, Treatments
Marshall DA, Burgos-Liz L, Pasupathy KS
Transforming healthcare delivery: integrating dynamic simulation modelling and big data in health economics and outcomes research.
The authors discussed the synergies between big data and dynamic simulation modelling (DSM), practical considerations and challenges, and how integrating big data and DSM can be useful to decision makers to address complex, systemic health economics and outcomes questions and to transform healthcare delivery.
AHRQ-funded; HS023710.
Citation: Marshall DA, Burgos-Liz L, Pasupathy KS .
Transforming healthcare delivery: integrating dynamic simulation modelling and big data in health economics and outcomes research.
Pharmacoeconomics 2016 Feb;34(2):115-26. doi: 10.1007/s40273-015-0330-7.
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Keywords: Data, Decision Making, Healthcare Delivery, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Kuo YF, Raji MA, Chen NW
Trends in opioid prescriptions among Part D Medicare recipients From 2007 to 2012.
The researchers used national Medicare data from 2007-2012 to assess temporal and geographic trends in rates of opioid prescription and relationship to opioid toxicity and different state regulations in Part D Medicare recipients. Their analyses of the Medicare data demonstrated substantial growth in opioid prescriptions from 2007 to 2011 and large variation in opioid prescriptions across states.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Kuo YF, Raji MA, Chen NW .
Trends in opioid prescriptions among Part D Medicare recipients From 2007 to 2012.
Am J Med 2016 Feb;129(2):221.e21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.10.002..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Elderly, Medicare, Medication, Opioids, Pain
Maher M, Kaziunas E, Ackerman M
User-centered design groups to engage patients and caregivers with a personalized health information technology tool.
The researchers’ goal was to develop a tool that could be used in the real-world, daily practice of Hematopoietic Blood and Marrow Transplant (HCT) patients and caregivers (users) in the inpatient setting. To that end, they examined the views, needs, and wants of users in the design and development process of the Bone Marrow Transplant Roadmap through user-centered Design Groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS023613.
Citation: Maher M, Kaziunas E, Ackerman M .
User-centered design groups to engage patients and caregivers with a personalized health information technology tool.
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016 Feb;22(2):349-58. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.08.032..
Keywords: Caregiving, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient and Family Engagement, Tools & Toolkits
Berry AB, Butler KA, Harrington C
Using conceptual work products of health care to design health IT.
This study shows how the different phases of a new, model-based design method for interactive health information technology (IT) systems can be carried out, how it allows for iteration across phases, and how it generated a health IT design for case management of MS that is efficient and easy to use.
AHRQ-funded; HS021233.
Citation: Berry AB, Butler KA, Harrington C .
Using conceptual work products of health care to design health IT.
J Biomed Inform 2016 Feb;59:15-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2015.10.014.
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Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Information Technology (HIT)
Strom MA, Silverberg JI
Utilization of preventive health care in adults and children with eczema.
This study examined associations of eczema with vaccination, disease screening, health maintenance, and healthcare utilization. Childhood eczema was associated with higher rates of vaccination for influenza; well child checkups; and interaction with most types of healthcare providers . Adult eczema was associated with higher odds of vaccination for various diseases. It was also associated with increased measurement of blood glucose; cholesterol; blood pressure and HIV infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Strom MA, Silverberg JI .
Utilization of preventive health care in adults and children with eczema.
Am J Prev Med 2016 Feb;50(2):e33-44. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.029.
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Keywords: Vaccination, Prevention, Screening, Healthcare Utilization, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Tan A, Zhou J, Kuo YF
Variation among primary care physicians in the use of imaging for older patients with acute low back pain.
The authors sought to estimate the variation among primary care providers (PCPs) in the use of diagnostic imaging for older patients with non-specific acute low back pain. They used Texas Medicare claims data and tracked whether each patient received lumbar imaging within 4 weeks of the initial visit. They found that the specific physician seen by a patient accounted for 25 % of the variability in whether imaging was performed and that the use of imaging by individual physicians was stable over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Tan A, Zhou J, Kuo YF .
Variation among primary care physicians in the use of imaging for older patients with acute low back pain.
J Gen Intern Med 2016 Feb;31(2):156-63. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3475-3.
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Keywords: Back Health and Pain, Elderly, Imaging, Primary Care, Practice Patterns
Lyons TW, Johnson KB, Michelson KA
Yield of emergent neuroimaging in children with new-onset seizure and status epilepticus.
The purpose of this paper was to determine the yield of emergent neuroimaging among children with new-onset seizures presenting with status epilepticus. The authors found that a substantial minority of children with new-onset seizures presenting with status epilepticus have urgent or emergent intracranial pathology identified on neuroimaging and that magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred imaging modality when available and safe.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Lyons TW, Johnson KB, Michelson KA .
Yield of emergent neuroimaging in children with new-onset seizure and status epilepticus.
Seizure 2016 Feb;35:4-10. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.12.009.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Imaging, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Bogner HR, Joo JH, Hwang S
Does a depression management program decrease mortality in older adults with specific medical conditions in primary care? An exploratory analysis.
The objective of this study was to determine whether treating depression decreases mortality from various chronic medical conditions. It found evidence of a statistically significant intervention effect on mortality for diabetes mellitus in persons with major depression.
AHRQ-funded; HS023445.
Citation: Bogner HR, Joo JH, Hwang S .
Does a depression management program decrease mortality in older adults with specific medical conditions in primary care? An exploratory analysis.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2016 Jan;64(1):126-31. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13711..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Depression, Elderly, Mortality, Primary Care
Ricciardi R, Moy E, Wilson NJ
AHRQ Author: Ricciardi R and Moy E
Finding the true north: lessons from the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report.
The authors delineate important features and findings of the 2014 report. For example, it shows that one measure of patient safety improved quickly. The rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection per 1000 medical and surgical discharges (age 18+ years or obstetric admissions) improved at an annual rate of change of more than 10 percent. This success reflects the direct impact that nurses can have in making care safer for their patients.
AHRQ authors Ricciardi and Moy
Citation: Ricciardi R, Moy E, Wilson NJ .
Finding the true north: lessons from the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report.
J Nurs Care Qual 2016 Jan-Mar;31(1):9-12. doi: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000164..
Keywords: Quality of Care, Disparities, Patient Safety, Nursing, Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI)
Roberts MC, Weinberger M, Dusetzina SB
Racial variation in the uptake of oncotype DX testing for early-stage breast cancer.
Oncotype DX (ODX) has the potential to improve quality of care; however, if not equally accessible across racial groups, disparities in cancer care quality may persist or worsen. The researchers examined racial disparities in ODX testing uptake. They did not find racial disparities in ODX testing for node-negative patients for whom ODX testing is guideline recommended and widely covered by insurers.
HS019468; HS022189
Citation: Roberts MC, Weinberger M, Dusetzina SB .
Racial variation in the uptake of oncotype DX testing for early-stage breast cancer.
J Clin Oncol 2016 Jan 10;34(2):130-8. doi: 10.1200/jco.2015.63.2489..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Healthcare Delivery, Treatments, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Arcia A, Suero-Tejeda N, Bales ME
Sometimes more is more: iterative participatory design of infographics for engagement of community members with varying levels of health literacy.
The study objective was to collaborate with community members to develop tailored infographics that support comprehension of health information, engage the viewer, and may have the potential to motivate health-promoting behaviors. It concluded that carefully designed infographics can be useful tools to support comprehension and thus help patients engage with their own health data.
AHRQ-funded; HS019853; HS022961
Citation: Arcia A, Suero-Tejeda N, Bales ME .
Sometimes more is more: iterative participatory design of infographics for engagement of community members with varying levels of health literacy.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2016 Jan;23(1):174-83. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocv079.
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Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Health Literacy, Health Promotion, Patient and Family Engagement, Web-Based
Sathe NA, Nocon RS, Hughes B
The costs of participating in a diabetes quality improvement collaborative: Variation among five clinics.
The costs over the first four years-from June 2009 through May 2013-of an ongoing diabetes Quality improvement collaborative were characterized by activities and over time. Cost/diabetic patient/year ranged across clinic sites from $6 (largest clinic) to $68 (smallest clinic).
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Sathe NA, Nocon RS, Hughes B .
The costs of participating in a diabetes quality improvement collaborative: Variation among five clinics.
Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2016 Jan;42(1):18-25..
Keywords: Diabetes, Quality Improvement, Healthcare Costs, Health Services Research (HSR)
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Banerjee M
The evaluation of distal symmetric polyneuropathy: utilisation and expenditures by community neurologists.
The aim of the study was to determine utilization and expenditures in the evaluation of a new diagnosis of distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) by community neurologists using a population-based design and a strict case definition. It concluded that electrodiagnostic tests and MRIs are frequently ordered in the diagnostic evaluation of DSP and account for more than 80% of the expenditures.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690.
Citation: Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Banerjee M .
The evaluation of distal symmetric polyneuropathy: utilisation and expenditures by community neurologists.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016 Jan;87(1):113-4. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-307575.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Utilization, Imaging
Cocoros NM, Kleinman K, Priebe GP
Ventilator-associated events in neonates and children--a new paradigm.
The objective of this study was to identify a pediatric ventilator-associated condition definition for use in neonates and children by exploring whether potential ventilator-associated condition definitions identify patients with worse outcomes. It found that pediatric patients with ventilator-associated conditions are at substantially higher risk for mortality and morbidity across ICUs, regardless of thresholds used.
AHRQ-funded; HS021636.
Citation: Cocoros NM, Kleinman K, Priebe GP .
Ventilator-associated events in neonates and children--a new paradigm.
Crit Care Med 2016 Jan;44(1):14-22. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001372.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents