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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (2)
- Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) (1)
- Children/Adolescents (7)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- Data (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Disparities (3)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (1)
- Emergency Department (5)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (1)
- Emergency Preparedness (1)
- (-) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (21)
- Healthcare Costs (4)
- Healthcare Utilization (2)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Health Insurance (1)
- Hospital Discharge (1)
- Hospitalization (6)
- Hospitals (4)
- Influenza (3)
- Injuries and Wounds (2)
- Labor and Delivery (1)
- Medical Errors (1)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) (3)
- Medicare (1)
- Medication (1)
- Mortality (2)
- Patient Safety (3)
- Pneumonia (2)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Quality Indicators (QIs) (1)
- Quality of Care (2)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (2)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (2)
- Surgery (2)
- Trauma (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 21 of 21 Research Studies DisplayedAchola EM, Griffith KN, Wrenn JO
Injuries from legal interventions involving conducted energy devices.
This cross-sectional study evaluated emergency department (ED) visits for physical injuries from use of conducted energy devices (CEDs) such as TASERs by police departments. The authors evaluated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with law enforcement-related CED injuries. They sampled US ED visits from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, which provided a 20% stratified sample of all EDs and weights to allow calculation of national representative estimates for all ED visits. They identified 1276 visits with the ICD-10 Y35.83X codes for CED injuries. Patients included 1186 males and 91 females with a mean age of 32.9 years residing in zip codes below the 50th percentile for median household income (67.5%). Most presented to teaching hospitals (70.8%) in metropolitan areas (86.1%) and were Asian or Pacific Islander (1.4%), Black (35.7%), Hispanic (17.6%), Native American (1.8%), White (39.2%), or other (4.3%) race and ethnicity. Among patients with serious injuries (70.8%), most (61.1%) were minor, 25.4% were moderate, 2.9% were severe, and 1.6% were critical injuries. The most common area of injury was extremities (36.9%), followed by chest (27.4%), head and neck (25.6%), abdomen (24.2%), and face (8.7%). Patients with lower income were more likely to receive serious, severe, or critical injuries, but these differences were not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
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Citation: Achola EM, Griffith KN, Wrenn JO .
Injuries from legal interventions involving conducted energy devices.
JAMA Intern Med 2024 Apr; 184(4):440-43. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8012..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Injuries and Wounds, Emergency Department
Parikh K, Hall M, Tieder JS
Disparities in racial, ethnic, and payer groups for pediatric safety events in US hospitals.
A retrospective cohort study using the 2019 Kids' Inpatient Database found disparities in pediatric safety events. Black and Hispanic children had significantly higher odds in 5 of 7 safety indicators compared to white children, especially in postoperative sepsis and respiratory failure. Medicaid-covered children also showed higher odds in 4 of 7 indicators compared to privately insured children, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to enhance hospital patient safety, particularly among minority and Medicaid-covered populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS028484.
Citation: Parikh K, Hall M, Tieder JS .
Disparities in racial, ethnic, and payer groups for pediatric safety events in US hospitals.
Pediatrics 2024 Mar; 153(3):e2023063714. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-063714.
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Children/Adolescents, Patient Safety, Hospitals
Iantorno SE, Scaife JH, Bryce JR
Emergency department utilization for pediatric gastrostomy tubes across the United States.
This study investigated the number and nature of emergency department (ED) visits to community hospitals for pediatric gastrostomy tube complication. The authors used the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample to perform a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric patients (<18 y) with a primary diagnosis of gastrostomy tube complication. Their primary outcome was a potentially preventable ED visit, defined as an encounter that did not result in any imaging, procedures, or an inpatient admission. They observed 32,036 ED visits at 535 hospitals and 15,165 (47.3%) were potentially preventable. Median age was 2 years, and 17,707 (55%) were male. Compared to White patients, patients with higher odds of potentially preventable visits were Black and Hispanic. Patients with residential zip codes in the first, second, and third median household income quartiles had higher odds of potentially preventable visits compared to the highest.
AHRQ-funded; HS025776.
Citation: Iantorno SE, Scaife JH, Bryce JR .
Emergency department utilization for pediatric gastrostomy tubes across the United States.
J Surg Res 2024 Mar; 295:820-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.11.028.
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Healthcare Utilization, Surgery, Adverse Events
Carroll AR, Hall M, Noelke C
Association of neighborhood opportunity and pediatric hospitalization rates in the United States.
This study examined associations between a validated, multidimensional measure of social determinants of health and population-based hospitalization rates among children <18 years across 18 states from the 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and the US Census. Exposure was ZIP code-level Child Opportunity Index (COI), a composite measure of neighborhood resources and conditions that matter for children's health. The cohort included 614,823 hospitalizations among a population of 29,244,065 children, which measures at 21.02 hospitalizations per 1000. Adjusted hospitalization rates decreased significantly and in a stepwise fashion as COI increased, from 26.56 per 1000 in very low COI areas to 14.76 per 1000 in very high COI areas (incidence rate ratio 1.8). Decreasing neighborhood opportunity was associated with increasing hospitalization rates among children in the study.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Carroll AR, Hall M, Noelke C .
Association of neighborhood opportunity and pediatric hospitalization rates in the United States.
J Hosp Med 2024 Feb; 19(2):120-25. doi: 10.1002/jhm.13252..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Social Determinants of Health
Geanacopoulos AT, Neuman MI, Michelson KA
Cost of pediatric pneumonia episodes with or without chest radiography.
Researchers sought to assess the costs of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) episodes with and without chest radiograph (CXR) among children discharged from the pediatric emergency department. Their retrospective cohort study used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State ED and Inpatient Databases on children aged 3 months to 18 years with CAP in eight states from 2014 to 2019. The results indicated that use of CXR for CAP diagnosis is associated with lower costs when considering the subsequent provision of care among patients who need additional health care after initial emergency department discharge.
AHRQ-funded; HS026503; HS000063.
Citation: Geanacopoulos AT, Neuman MI, Michelson KA .
Cost of pediatric pneumonia episodes with or without chest radiography.
Hosp Pediatr 2024 Feb; 14(2):146-52. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007506.
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Community-Acquired Infections
Newman-Toker DE, Nassery N, Schaffer AC
Burden of serious harms from diagnostic error in the USA.
Americans who experience serious harm from misdiagnosis annually. Serious harm is defined as permanent morbidity or morality. This cross-sectional analysis used nationally representative observational data. The authors estimated annual incident vascular events and infections from 21.5 million (M) sampled US hospital discharges (2012-2014). US-based cancer registries were used to find annual new cancers. They derived diagnostic errors and serious harms by multiplying by literature-based rates for disease-specific incidences for 15 major vascular events, infections and cancers ('Big Three' categories). Extrapolating to all diseases (including non-'Big Three' dangerous disease categories), they estimated total serious harms annually in the USA to be 795,000 (plausible range 598,000-1,023,000). Using more conservative assumptions they estimated 549,000 serious harms. These results were compatible with setting-specific serious harm estimates from inpatient, emergency department and ambulatory care. Fifteen dangerous diseases accounted for 50.7% of total serious harms and the top 5 (stroke, sepsis, pneumonia, venous thromboembolism and lung cancer) accounted for 38.7%.
AHRQ-funded; HS027614; HS029350.
Citation: Newman-Toker DE, Nassery N, Schaffer AC .
Burden of serious harms from diagnostic error in the USA.
BMJ Qual Saf 2024 Jan 19; 33(2):109-20. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2021-014130..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Medical Errors, Patient Safety, Quality of Care, Adverse Events
Scaife JH, Bryce JR, Iantorno SE
Secondary undertriage of pediatric trauma patients across the United States emergency departments.
The term “Undertriage” refers to the treatment of patients at facilities lacking in the equipment needed to treat the patient's injuries appropriately. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the relationship between patient and hospital characteristics and secondary undertriage in children after major trauma. The researchers utilized the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and included patients aged less than 18 years of age if they presented to a Level 3 or non-trauma center (NTC) and were diagnosed with a traumatic injury with an injury severity score of greater than 15 based on International Classification of Diseases 10 codes. The study found that of 6,572 weighted patients, 15% were undertriaged. Undertriage was significantly associated with older age, metropolitan location, and major abdominal injuries. After multivariable adjustment, secondary undertriage was significantly associated with patients aged 6-10 years of age compared to patients aged 15-17 years, penetrating injury, major chest injury, and presentation at a teaching hospital.
AHRQ-funded; HS025776.
Citation: Scaife JH, Bryce JR, Iantorno SE .
Secondary undertriage of pediatric trauma patients across the United States emergency departments.
J Surg Res 2024 Jan; 293:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.07.054..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Trauma, Injuries and Wounds
Moy E, Mau MK, Raetzman S
AHRQ Author: Moy E, Andrews R
Ethnic differences in potentially preventable hospitalizations among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders: implications for reducing health care disparities.
This study aimed to produce reliable estimates of health care quality among Native Hawaiian (NH), Other Pacific Islander (PI), and Asian American (AA) small population subgroups. Results showed that, despite efforts to reduce racial/ethnic health care disparities, significant gaps remain in potentially preventable hospitalization rates.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Moy E, Mau MK, Raetzman S .
Ethnic differences in potentially preventable hospitalizations among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders: implications for reducing health care disparities.
Ethn Dis 2013 Winter;23(1):6-11.
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Keywords: Disparities, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Quality Indicators (QIs), Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Encinosa WE, Bae J
AHRQ Author: Encinosa WE
Will meaningful use electronic medical records reduce hospital costs?
The authors examined what impact the 5 core medication meaningful use (MU) criteria have on hospital-acquired adverse drug events (ADEs) and their costs in 2010, as a baseline for the start of MU implementation in 2011. They developed a quality indicator to track in-hospital ADEs and concluded that the adoption of core medication MU elements will cut ADE rates, with cost savings that recoup 22% of information technology costs.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Encinosa WE, Bae J .
Will meaningful use electronic medical records reduce hospital costs?
Am J Manag Care 2013 Nov;19(10 Spec No):eSP19-25.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Medication
Levit KR, Friedman B, Wong HS
AHRQ Author: Friedman B, Wong HS
Estimating inpatient hospital prices from state administrative data and hospital financial reports.
The researchers developed a tool for estimating hospital-specific inpatient prices for major payers. They found that hospital prices can be reasonably estimated for 10 geographically diverse states. They further found that estimated prices compare well with Medicare, MarketScan private insurance, and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey prices for major payers, given limitations of each dataset.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Levit KR, Friedman B, Wong HS .
Estimating inpatient hospital prices from state administrative data and hospital financial reports.
Health Serv Res 2013 Oct;48(5):1779-97. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12065.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
Paez K, Roper RA, Andrews RM
AHRQ Author: Roper RA, Andrews RM
Health information technology and hospital patient safety: a conceptual model to guide research.
The authors developed a conceptual model to guide research in sorting out the complex relationships between health information technology (HIT) and the quality and safety of care. They found the model difficult to operationalize because available HIT adoption data did not characterize features and extent of usage, and patient safety measures did not elucidate the process failures leading to safety-related outcomes. Their findings illustrated the critical need for collecting data that are germane to HIT and the possible mechanisms by which HIT may affect inpatient safety.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Paez K, Roper RA, Andrews RM .
Health information technology and hospital patient safety: a conceptual model to guide research.
Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2013 Sep;39(9):415-25.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Health Information Technology (HIT), Hospitals, Quality of Care, Patient Safety
Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM
AHRQ Author: Steiner C
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
The authors integrated weekly incidence reports and a mechanistic transmission model within a likelihood-based inference framework to characterize the nature, timing, and magnitude of the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia. They found support for a strong but short-lived interaction, with influenza infection increasing susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia ~100-fold. They inferred modest population-level impacts arising from strong processes at the level of an individual.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Shrestha S, Foxman B, Weinberger DM .
Identifying the interaction between influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia using incidence data.
Sci Transl Med 2013 Jun 26;5(191):191ra84. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005982.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Influenza, Pneumonia
Henke RM, Maeda JL, Marder WD
AHRQ Author: Friedman BS, Wong HS
Medicare and commercial inpatient resource use: impact of hospital competition.
The authors examined the influence of hospital competition on small-area inpatient resource use by payer. Using HCUP data, they found that policies or incentives that promote or encourage competition in less competitive markets may reduce variation in resource use for both Medicare and private payers.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290200600009C.
Citation: Henke RM, Maeda JL, Marder WD .
Medicare and commercial inpatient resource use: impact of hospital competition.
Am J Manag Care 2013 Jun;19(6):e238-48.
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Keywords: Healthcare Utilization, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitals, Medicare
Berdahl TA, Friedman BS, McCormick MC
AHRQ Author: Berdahl TA, Friedman BS
Annual report on health care for children and youth in the United States: trends in racial/ethnic, income, and insurance disparities over time, 2002-2009.
Using MEPS and HCUP data, the authors examined trends in children's health access, utilization, and expenditures over time by race/ethnicity, income, and insurance status/expected payer. They found that disparities by race/ethnicity and income persist in access to and use of care, with Hispanic children experiencing progress in a number of measures, while black children did not.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Berdahl TA, Friedman BS, McCormick MC .
Annual report on health care for children and youth in the United States: trends in racial/ethnic, income, and insurance disparities over time, 2002-2009.
Acad Pediatr 2013 May-Jun;13(3):191-203. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2013.02.003.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Social Determinants of Health
Clancy CM, Chesley F, Dougherty D
AHRQ Author: Clancy CM, Chesley F, Dougherty D
Health care for children and youth in the United States: 13 years of evidence.
In this article, the authors discuss the 10th in a series of annual reports summarizing various dimensions of health care for children and youth in the United States. They cover the evolution of the reports and reflect on changes in and improvements to children's health services research.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Clancy CM, Chesley F, Dougherty D .
Health care for children and youth in the United States: 13 years of evidence.
Acad Pediatr 2013 May-Jun;13(3):181-3. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2013.03.012.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
Bardenheier BH, Elixhauser A, Imperatore G
AHRQ Author: Elixhauser A
Variation in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among hospital discharges for obstetric delivery across 23 states in the United States.
The authors examined variability in diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence at delivery by race/ethnicity and state. Their results suggest that GDM rates differ by state, with this variation attributable to differences in obesity at the population level, age, race/ethnicity, hospital, and insurance.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Bardenheier BH, Elixhauser A, Imperatore G .
Variation in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among hospital discharges for obstetric delivery across 23 states in the United States.
Diabetes Care 2013 May;36(5):1209-14. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0901.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospital Discharge, Labor and Delivery, Pregnancy
Steiner CA, Friedman B
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA, Friedman B
Hospital utilization, costs, and mortality for adults with multiple chronic conditions, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2009.
The investigators provided a national estimate across all payers of the distribution and cost of selected chronic conditions for hospitalized adults in 2009, stratified by demographic characteristics. They found that there were approximately 28 million adult discharges from US hospitals other than those related to pregnancy and maternity; 39% had 2 to 3 multiple chronic conditions (MCC), and 33% had 4 or more. They concluded that their descriptive analysis of multipayer inpatient data provides a robust national view of the substantial use and costs among adults hospitalized with MCC.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Steiner CA, Friedman B .
Hospital utilization, costs, and mortality for adults with multiple chronic conditions, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2009.
Prev Chronic Dis 2013 Apr 25;10:E62. doi: 10.5888/pcd10.120292.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Mortality
Braithwaite S, Friedman B, Mutter R
AHRQ Author: Friedman B, Mutter R
Microsimulation of financial impact of demand surge on hospitals: the H1N1 influenza pandemic of fall 2009.
Microsimulation was used to assess the financial impact on hospitals of a surge in influenza admissions in advance of the H1N1 pandemic in the fall of 2009 with the goal of estimating net income and losses of a response of filling unused hospital bed capacity proportionately and postponing elective admissions. They concluded that aggregate and distributional results did not suggest that a policy of promising additional financial compensation to hospitals in anticipation of the surge in flu cases was necessary.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Braithwaite S, Friedman B, Mutter R .
Microsimulation of financial impact of demand surge on hospitals: the H1N1 influenza pandemic of fall 2009.
Health Serv Res 2013 Apr;48(2 Pt 2):735-52. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12041.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Influenza
Pines JM, Mutter RL, Zocchi MS
AHRQ Author: Mutter RL
Variation in emergency department admission rates across the United States.
The authors investigated factors related to variation in hospital-level emergency department (ED) admission rates. Using HCUP data, they found that higher proportions of Medicare and uninsured patients, more inpatient beds, lower ED volumes, for-profit ownership, trauma center status, and higher hospital occupancy rates were associated with higher ED admission rates.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Pines JM, Mutter RL, Zocchi MS .
Variation in emergency department admission rates across the United States.
Med Care Res Rev 2013 Apr;70(2):218-31. doi: 10.1177/1077558712470565.
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Keywords: Emergency Department, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Health Insurance, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization
Rubinson L, Mutter R, Viboud C
AHRQ Author: Mutter R
Impact of the fall 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic on US hospitals.
The authors investigated the impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic on US hospitals. They found that the fall 2009 pandemic period substantially impacted US hospitals, mostly through increased emergency department visits. Furhter, for a small proportion of hospitals that experienced a high surge in inpatient admissions, increased mortality from selected clinical conditions was associated with both prepandemic outcomes and surge, highlighting the linkage between daily hospital operations and disaster preparedness.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Rubinson L, Mutter R, Viboud C .
Impact of the fall 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic on US hospitals.
Med Care 2013 Mar;51(3):259-65. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31827da8ea.
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Keywords: Emergency Department, Emergency Preparedness, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitals, Influenza
Mark TL, Lawrence W, Coffey RM
AHRQ Author: Lawrence W, Steiner C
The value of linking hospital discharge and mortality data for comparative effectiveness research.
The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the value of linking state community hospital discharge data to vital statistics death files for research by conducting a comparative effectiveness analysis. The analysis revealed that in the matched cohort, in-hospital and 30-day postdischarge mortality rates were significantly lower following endovascular aneurysm repair than open aneurysm repair, but differences in the 1- and 5-year rates were not statistically significant.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mark TL, Lawrence W, Coffey RM .
The value of linking hospital discharge and mortality data for comparative effectiveness research.
J Comp Eff Res 2013 Mar;2(2):175-84. doi: 10.2217/cer.13.4.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Data, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Mortality, Surgery