National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Access to Care (3)
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (30)
- Adverse Events (30)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (5)
- Antibiotics (37)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (23)
- Anxiety (1)
- Asthma (2)
- Behavioral Health (16)
- Blood Clots (4)
- Blood Pressure (2)
- Blood Thinners (9)
- Cancer (8)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (2)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (5)
- Caregiving (1)
- Care Management (3)
- Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) (1)
- Children/Adolescents (19)
- Chronic Conditions (18)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (5)
- Clinician-Patient Communication (3)
- Clostridium difficile Infections (2)
- Communication (4)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- Community-Based Practice (1)
- Comparative Effectiveness (5)
- COVID-19 (6)
- Dementia (2)
- Dental and Oral Health (2)
- Depression (2)
- Diabetes (5)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (2)
- Disparities (3)
- Elderly (17)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (5)
- Electronic Prescribing (E-Prescribing) (4)
- Emergency Department (5)
- Evidence-Based Practice (9)
- Eye Disease and Health (2)
- Falls (2)
- Genetics (1)
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (3)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (2)
- Healthcare Costs (6)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (17)
- Health Insurance (4)
- Heart Disease and Health (3)
- Hepatitis (2)
- Home Healthcare (1)
- Hospital Discharge (3)
- Hospitalization (7)
- Hospitals (5)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (4)
- Implementation (5)
- Infectious Diseases (7)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
- Inpatient Care (4)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (3)
- Kidney Disease and Health (1)
- Learning Health Systems (1)
- Long-Term Care (4)
- Low-Income (3)
- Maternal Care (2)
- Medicaid (4)
- Medical Errors (10)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) (3)
- Medicare (4)
- (-) Medication (171)
- Medication: Safety (36)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2)
- Mortality (6)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (1)
- Neurological Disorders (1)
- Newborns/Infants (3)
- Nursing Homes (4)
- Obesity (2)
- Opioids (50)
- Orthopedics (1)
- Outcomes (5)
- Pain (15)
- Palliative Care (1)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (3)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (2)
- Patient and Family Engagement (1)
- Patient Experience (1)
- Patient Safety (32)
- Pneumonia (2)
- Policy (4)
- Practice Patterns (23)
- Pregnancy (4)
- Prevention (7)
- Primary Care (11)
- Provider (6)
- Provider: Clinician (1)
- Provider: Nurse (1)
- Provider: Pharmacist (10)
- Provider: Physician (3)
- Public Health (1)
- Quality Improvement (4)
- Quality Indicators (QIs) (1)
- Quality of Care (6)
- Quality of Life (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (6)
- Respiratory Conditions (8)
- Risk (15)
- Rural Health (3)
- Screening (1)
- Sepsis (3)
- Sex Factors (2)
- Sexual Health (1)
- Shared Decision Making (10)
- Skin Conditions (2)
- Social Determinants of Health (1)
- Social Media (1)
- Stroke (2)
- Substance Abuse (24)
- Surgery (6)
- Telehealth (4)
- Transitions of Care (3)
- Transplantation (3)
- Trauma (1)
- Treatments (4)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (4)
- Vaccination (1)
- Vulnerable Populations (2)
- Women (5)
- Young Adults (3)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
151 to 171 of 171 Research Studies DisplayedTruitt KN, Brown T, Lee JY
Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for acute sinusitis in primary care: a cross-sectional study.
The proportion of sinusitis visits that meet antibiotic prescribing criteria is unknown. In this cross-sectional study the authors investigated the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for acute sinusitis in primary care. The investigators found that of 425 randomly selected sinusitis visits, 50% met antibiotic prescribing criteria.
AHRQ-funded; HS024930; 233201500020I; HS026506.
Citation: Truitt KN, Brown T, Lee JY .
Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for acute sinusitis in primary care: a cross-sectional study.
Clin Infect Dis 2021 Jan 15;72(2):311-14. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa736..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Primary Care, Respiratory Conditions, Practice Patterns
Hirai AH, Ko JY, Owens PL
AHRQ Author: Owens PL, Stocks C
Neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid-Related diagnoses in the US, 2010-2017.
This study analyzed trends in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and maternal opioid-Related diagnosis (MOD) in the United States from 2010 to 2017. A cross-sectional analysis was done of the HCUP National Inpatient Sample and State Inpatient Database from 2010 through 2017. Diagnoses of NAS and MOD were found using the ICD-10, CM codes. Significant increases occurred in rates of NAS, from 4.0 to 7.3 per birth hospitalizations and MOD, from 3.5 to 8.2 per 1000 delivery hospitalizations. A census of 47 state databases in 2017 found a large range of NAS rates – from 1.3 per 1000 birth hospitalizations in Nebraska to 53.5 per 1000 hospitalizations in West Virginia with the same ranges found for MOD rates. In all states except Nebraska and Vermont which only had significant MOD increases, NAS and MOD rates rose significantly from 2010 to 2017.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201800001C.
Citation: Hirai AH, Ko JY, Owens PL .
Neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid-Related diagnoses in the US, 2010-2017.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid-Related diagnoses in the US, 2010-2017..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Hospitalization, Pregnancy
van Dalen JW, Marcum ZA, Gray SL
Association of angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensive use and dementia risk: post hoc analysis of the PreDIVA trial.
The purpose of this study was to assess whether angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensives (thiazides, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin I receptor blockers) convey a lower risk of incident dementia compared to angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensives (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, and nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers), in accordance with the "angiotensin hypothesis." The investigators concluded that users of angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensives had lower dementia rates compared to angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensive users, supporting the angiotensin hypothesis.
AHRQ-funded; HS022982.
Citation: van Dalen JW, Marcum ZA, Gray SL .
Association of angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensive use and dementia risk: post hoc analysis of the PreDIVA trial.
Neurology 2021 Jan 5;96(1):e67-e80. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010996.
.
.
Keywords: Medication, Dementia, Blood Pressure
Abraham J, Galanter WL, Touchette D
Risk factors associated with medication ordering errors.
This study’s goal was to collect data on “voided” orders in computerized order entry systems for medication to 1) identify the nature and characteristics of medication ordering errors; 2) investigate the risk factors associated with these errors and; 3) explore potential strategies to mitigate these risk factors. Data was collected using clinician interviews and surveys within 24 hours of the voided order and using chart reviews. During the 16-month study period 1074 medication orders were voided, with 842 being true medication errors. A total of 22% reached the patient, with at least a single administration, but without causing patient harm. Interviews were conducted on 355 voided orders (33%). Errors were associated with multiple factors not just a single risk factor. The causal contributors included a combination of technological-, cognitive-, environment-, social-, and organization-level factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS025443.
Citation: Abraham J, Galanter WL, Touchette D .
Risk factors associated with medication ordering errors.
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021 Jan 15;28(1):86-94. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa264..
Keywords: Medication: Safety, Electronic Prescribing (E-Prescribing), Medication: Safety, Medication, Medical Errors, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Risk, Health Information Technology (HIT), Patient Safety
Hood-Medland EA, White AEC, Kravitz RL
Agenda setting and visit openings in primary care visits involving patients taking opioids for chronic pain.
This study looked at primary care visit opening styles to assess use of agenda and non-agenda setting visit openings and their effects on participant experience with patients taking opioids for chronic pain. The study analyzed 83 video-recorded US primary care visits at a single academic medical center in California. A total of 49 family medicine and internal resident physicians and 83 patients were filmed. The authors developed a coding scheme that assessed the presence of agenda setting, distinct visit opening styles, and the number of total topics, major topics, surprise patient topics, and returns to prior topics discusses. They identified 2 visit opening styles with agenda setting (agenda eliciting, agenda reframing) and 3 non-agenda opening styles (open-ended question, patient launch, physician launch). Only 11% of visits included agenda setting and was associated with fewer surprise patient topics than visits without agenda setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Hood-Medland EA, White AEC, Kravitz RL .
Agenda setting and visit openings in primary care visits involving patients taking opioids for chronic pain.
BMC Fam Pract 2021 Jan 4;22(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12875-020-01317-4..
Keywords: Primary Care, Opioids, Medication, Pain, Chronic Conditions, Clinician-Patient Communication, Communication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery
Wyse J, Simmons A, Ramachandran B
"I don't mind doing what it takes to be safe." Patient perspectives of urine drug testing for pain.
This study sought to uncover patients’ beliefs regarding UDT and its implications for the patient–clinician relationship. Urine drug testing (UDT) is a standard recommendation for those prescribed long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) for pain but remains underutilized. Clinician fears regarding negative patient perceptions have been identified as a barrier to conducting UDT; however, little is known about patient perspectives of UDT.
AHRQ-funded; HS026370.
Citation: Wyse J, Simmons A, Ramachandran B .
"I don't mind doing what it takes to be safe." Patient perspectives of urine drug testing for pain.
J Gen Intern Med 2021 Jan;36(1):243-44. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05688-3..
Keywords: Pain, Chronic Conditions, Opioids, Medication, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety, Substance Abuse
King AC, Morden NE
A proposed taxonomy for population-level prescription use patterns.
The authors proposed a taxonomy of population-level prescription drug use patterns, assigning prescription use to one of five categories according to likely population-level health impact. Their hope is that the proposed taxonomy will inform discussion of prescription drug value by providing estimates of population impact, especially the balance of anticipated benefit and harm.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: King AC, Morden NE .
A proposed taxonomy for population-level prescription use patterns.
J Prescr Pract 2021 Jan;3(1):22-27. doi: 10.12968/jprp.2021.3.1.22..
Keywords: Medication, Practice Patterns
Tamma PD, Miller MA, Dullabh P
AHRQ Author: Miller MA
Association of a safety program for improving antibiotic use with antibiotic use and hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection rates among US hospitals.
Regulatory agencies and professional organizations recommend antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) in US hospitals. The optimal approach to establish robust, sustainable ASPs across diverse hospitals is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Safety Program for Improving Antibiotic Use was associated with reductions in antibiotic use across US hospitals. The investigators concluded that AHRQ Safety Program appeared to enable diverse hospitals to establish ASPs and teach frontline clinicians to self-steward their antibiotic use.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 233201500020I.
Citation: Tamma PD, Miller MA, Dullabh P .
Association of a safety program for improving antibiotic use with antibiotic use and hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection rates among US hospitals.
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Feb;4(2):e210235. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0235..
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Shared Decision Making, Clostridium difficile Infections, Patient Safety, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Hospitals
Stephens KA, Ike B, Baldwin LM
Challenges and approaches to population management of long-term opioid therapy patients.
Primary care is challenged with safely prescribing opioids for patients with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), specifically to address risks for overdose, opioid use disorder, and death. In this study, the investigators identified sociotechnical challenges, approaches, and recommendations in primary care to effectively track and monitor patients on long-term opioid therapy, a key component for supporting adoption of opioid prescribing guidelines.
AHRQ-funded; HS023750.
Citation: Stephens KA, Ike B, Baldwin LM .
Challenges and approaches to population management of long-term opioid therapy patients.
J Am Board Fam Med 2021 Jan-Feb;34(1):89-98. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2021.01.190100..
Keywords: Opioids, Pain, Chronic Conditions, Care Management, Medication, Primary Care, Ambulatory Care and Surgery
Salvador JG, Bhatt SR, Jacobsohn VC
Feasibility and acceptability of an online ECHO intervention to expand access to medications for treatment of opioid use disorder, psychosocial treatments and supports.
This study examined acceptability and feasibility of an online Extensions for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model intervention developed to support rural primary care clinics to expand treatment and is part of a larger study tracking the impact of participation in this ECHO on expansion of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in rural primary care. Using qualitative interviews and post-session questionnaires across 27 rural clinics in New Mexico, findings suggested evidence of feasibility and acceptability of MOUD ECHO to support expansion of this treatment.
AHRQ-funded; HS025345.
Citation: Salvador JG, Bhatt SR, Jacobsohn VC .
Feasibility and acceptability of an online ECHO intervention to expand access to medications for treatment of opioid use disorder, psychosocial treatments and supports.
Subst Abus 2021;42(4):610-17. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2020.1806184..
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Medication, Access to Care, Rural Health, Primary Care, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Khodneva Y, Richman J, Kertesz S
Gender differences in association of prescription opioid use and mortality: a propensity-matched analysis from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) prospective cohort.
Prescription opioids (PO) have been widely used for chronic non-cancer pain, with commensurate concerns for overdose. The long-term effect of these medications on non-overdose mortality in the general population remains poorly understood. This study's objective was to examine the association of prescription opioid use and mortality in a large cohort, accounting for gender differences and concurrent benzodiazepine use, and using propensity score matching.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Khodneva Y, Richman J, Kertesz S .
Gender differences in association of prescription opioid use and mortality: a propensity-matched analysis from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) prospective cohort.
Subst Abus 2021;42(1):94-103. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1702609..
Keywords: Stroke, Cardiovascular Conditions, Sex Factors, Opioids, Medication, Mortality
Hanlon JT, Perera S, Schweon S
Improvements in antibiotic appropriateness for cystitis in older nursing home residents: a quality improvement study with randomized assignment.
This study evaluated the impact of an educational quality improvement initiative on the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing restricted to uncomplicated cystitis in older noncatheterized nursing home residents. This 1-year case-control study used 25 participating nursing homes that were randomized to the intervention or usual care group by strata that included state, urban/rural status, bed size, and geographic separation. A total of 75 cases of cystitis were found in the intervention groups and 92 in the control groups. The intervention group had a nonsignificant 21% reduction in the risk of antibiotic prescribing. There was a favorable comparison in appropriateness of duration. However, the intervention group had more problems with drug-drug interactions than the control group (8% vs 1%). There were also more problems with dosage in the intervention group. Both groups had similar rates of problems with choice or effectiveness (44% vs 45%). The most common antibiotic class that was prescribed inappropriately was quinolones.
AHRQ-funded; R18 HS023779.
Citation: Hanlon JT, Perera S, Schweon S .
Improvements in antibiotic appropriateness for cystitis in older nursing home residents: a quality improvement study with randomized assignment.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021 Jan;22(1):173-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.07.040..
Keywords: Elderly, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Antibiotics, Medication, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Shared Decision Making
Ali MM, McClellan C, West KD
AHRQ Author: McClellan C
Medical marijuana laws, marijuana use, and opioid-related outcomes among women in the United States.
This study examined whether state medical marijuana laws (MMLs) was associated with lower levels of opioid-related outcomes. Data was drawn from the 2002-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to compare opioid misuse in states with and without MMLs among all women, pregnant women, and parenting women. It also invested the impact of MMLs on marijuana use and marijuana use disorder. There was found to be no association of MMLs with opioid misuse, opioid misuse initiation, or opioid use disorder among all women, pregnant women and parenting women. However there was a positive correlation with marijuana use and marijuana use disorder among all women and women with children. MMLs were also associated with an increase in the frequency of opioid misuse in pregnant women and a decrease in the frequency of opioid misuse for parenting women.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Ali MM, McClellan C, West KD .
Medical marijuana laws, marijuana use, and opioid-related outcomes among women in the United States.
Womens Health Issues 2021 Jan-Feb;31(1):24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.09.003..
Keywords: Women, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Medication, Policy, Practice Patterns
Holden RJ, Abebe E
Medication transitions: vulnerable periods of change in need of human factors and ergonomics.
The authors present a novel view of transitions from the lens of patient ergonomics which posits that patients and other nonprofessionals experience many changes during patient work transitions toward health-related goals. Medication transitions are particularly vulnerable. Two cases of medication transitions; new and medication deprescribing are described in which the patient work lens reveals many accompanying changes, vulnerabilities, and opportunities for human factors and ergonomics.
AHRQ-funded; HS024384.
Citation: Holden RJ, Abebe E .
Medication transitions: vulnerable periods of change in need of human factors and ergonomics.
Appl Ergon 2021 Jan;90:103279. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103279..
Keywords: Medication, Medication: Safety, Patient and Family Engagement, Transitions of Care, Patient Safety
Bramante CT, Ingraham NE, Murray TA
Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis.
This study examined whether metformin use by patients with diagnosed with type 2 diabetes had reduced mortality when hospitalized for COVID-19. Pharmacy claims data from UnitedHealth Group’s Clinical Discovery Claims Database was used. Patient data were included if they were aged 18 years or older; had type 2 diabetes or obesity (defined based on claims); at least 6 months of continuous enrolment in 2019; and admission to hospital for COVID-19 confirmed by PCR; manual chart review by UHG; or reported from the hospital to UHG. Metformin was not associated with significant reduction in mortality among men, but there was an association with decreased mortality in women.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Bramante CT, Ingraham NE, Murray TA .
Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Lancet Healthy Longev 2021 Jan;2(1):e34-e41. doi: 10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30033-7..
Keywords: COVID-19, Hospitalization, Medication, Mortality, Risk, Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Public Health, Infectious Diseases
Beeber AS, Kistler CE, Zimmerman S
Nurse decision-making for suspected urinary tract infections in nursing homes: potential targets to reduce antibiotic overuse.
This study’s goal was to determine what information is most important to registered nurses (RNs) decisions to call clinicians about suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing home residents. An online survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 881 RNs recruited from a health care research panel. Clinical scenarios from 10 categories of resident characteristics were used: UTI risk, resident type, functional status, mental status, lower urinary tract status, body temperature, physical exam, urinalysis, antibiotic request, and goals of care. Participants were randomized into 2 deliberation conditions: self-paced (n=437) and forced deliberation (n=444). Painful or difficult urinary, obvious blood in urine and temperature at 101.5° had the highest odds of a RN calling a clinician by the forced-deliberation group. For the self-paced group, painful or difficult urination had the highest odds.
AHRQ-funded; HS024519.
Citation: Beeber AS, Kistler CE, Zimmerman S .
Nurse decision-making for suspected urinary tract infections in nursing homes: potential targets to reduce antibiotic overuse.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021 Jan;22(1):156-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.053..
Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Shared Decision Making, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Eyrich NW, Sloss KR, Howard RA
Opioid prescribing exceeds consumption following common surgical oncology procedures.
Researchers aimed to compare opioid prescribing to opioid consumption for common surgical oncology procedures. They found that the median quantity of opioid prescribed was significantly larger than consumed following breast biopsy, lumpectomy, and mastectomy or wide local excision. The majority of patients reported receiving education on taking opioids, but only 27% received instructions on proper disposal; 82% of prescriptions filled resulted in unused opioids, and only 11% of these patients safely disposed of them. They concluded that their study demonstrated that opioid prescribing exceeds consumption following common surgical oncology procedures, thus indicating the potential for reductions in prescribing.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Eyrich NW, Sloss KR, Howard RA .
Opioid prescribing exceeds consumption following common surgical oncology procedures.
J Surg Oncol 2021 Jan;123(1):352-56. doi: 10.1002/jso.26272..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Surgery, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Practice Patterns, Pain
Shenkman E, Thompson L, Bussing R
AHRQ Author: Mistry KB
Provider specialty and receipt of metabolic monitoring for children taking antipsychotics.
Metabolic monitoring is important for children taking antipsychotic medication, given the risk for increased BMI, impaired glucose metabolism, and hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of provider specialty on the receipt of metabolic monitoring. Specifically, differences in the receipt of recommended care when a child receives outpatient care from a primary care provider (PCP), a mental health provider with prescribing privileges, or both was examined.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; HS025298.
Citation: Shenkman E, Thompson L, Bussing R .
Provider specialty and receipt of metabolic monitoring for children taking antipsychotics.
Pediatrics 2021 Jan;147(1):e20200658. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0658..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Medication: Safety, Medication, Ambulatory Care and Surgery
Chan B, Gean E, Arkhipova-Jenkins I
Retention strategies for medications for opioid use disorder in adults: a rapid evidence review.
This AHRQ-sponsored rapid evidence review looked at studies which include interventions to improve medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) retention. A search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library from February 2009 to August 2019 was conducted for systematic reviews and randomized trials of care settings, services, logistical support, continency management, HIT, extended-release (XR) formulations, and psychosocial interventions that assessed retention for at least 3 months. Two systematic reviews and 39 primary studies were included. Some studies showed initiating MOUD in soon-to-be-released incarcerated people improved retention following release. Fewer than half the studies reviewed focused on retention as a primary outcome.
AHRQ-funded; 290201700003C; HS022981.
Citation: Chan B, Gean E, Arkhipova-Jenkins I .
Retention strategies for medications for opioid use disorder in adults: a rapid evidence review.
J Addict Med 2020 Jan-Feb;15(1):74-84. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000739..
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Medication, Evidence-Based Practice
Gross AE, Suda KJ, Zhou J
Serious antibiotic-related adverse effects following unnecessary dental prophylaxis in the United States.
The majority of antibiotics prescribed before a dental visit are considered unnecessary (80.9%). This study characterized adverse effects related to unnecessary dental prophylaxis. This retrospective cohort study used data from dental visits between 2011 and 2015 from the IBM Watson Health Marketscan Commercial Claims/Encounters, Medicare Supplemental, Coordination of Benefits Research databases. Antibiotics prescribed included amoxicillin (67.9%), clindamycin (15.5%), cephalexin (8.6%), azithromycin (2.8%), and penicillin (1.5). Antibiotic adverse effects (AAEs) were found in 1.4% of unnecessary prescriptions. The most common AAEs were emergency department (ED) visits, allergic reactions, 14 cases of C. difficile infection, and 5 anaphylactic reactions. AAEs were more common with clindamycin than amoxicillin.
AHRQ-funded; HS025177.
Citation: Gross AE, Suda KJ, Zhou J .
Serious antibiotic-related adverse effects following unnecessary dental prophylaxis in the United States.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021 Jan;42(1):110-12. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.1261..
Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Dental and Oral Health, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events
Stone CA, Trubiano JA, Phillips EJ
Testing strategies and predictors for evaluating immediate and delayed reactions to cephalosporins.
Although 1% to 2% of the general population carries a cephalosporin allergy label (CAL), there is a lack of validated testing strategies and predictors of true allergy. The objective of this study was to identify cross-reactivity patterns and predictors of skin test positive (STP) in geographically disparate patients with a CAL. The investigators found that cephalosporin cross-reactivity was based on shared R1 groupings. Increasing time since the original reaction and the presence of a PAL with unknown cephalosporin tolerance predicted a lower likelihood of cephalosporin STP.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Stone CA, Trubiano JA, Phillips EJ .
Testing strategies and predictors for evaluating immediate and delayed reactions to cephalosporins.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Jan;9(1):435-44e13. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.07.056..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Skin Conditions, Diagnostic Safety and Quality