National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Blood Pressure (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (1)
- Cancer: Prostate Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Dementia (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Disparities (1)
- (-) Elderly (14)
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- Outcomes (3)
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- Patient Safety (2)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Quality Indicators (QIs) (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (4)
- Risk (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Surgery (3)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 14 of 14 Research Studies DisplayedNing J, Peng S, Ueno N
Has racial difference in cause-specific death improved in older patients with late-stage breast cancer?
The researchers evaluated factors associated with overall, breast cancer-specific and other-cause mortalities using contemporary population data. They concluded that breast cancer-specific mortality among older women modestly improved from 2002 to 2009 across all races, but not other-cause mortality. Racial disparity in mortality persisted, but did not widen in this period.
AHRQ-funded; HS002026.
Citation: Ning J, Peng S, Ueno N .
Has racial difference in cause-specific death improved in older patients with late-stage breast cancer?
Ann Oncol 2015 Oct;26(10):2161-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv330.
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Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Elderly, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Valley TS, Sjoding MW, Ryan AM
Association of intensive care unit admission with mortality among older patients with pneumonia.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship between ICU admission and outcomes for elderly patients with pneumonia. It concluded that among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with pneumonia, ICU admission of patients for whom the decision appeared to be discretionary was associated with improved survival and no significant difference in costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Valley TS, Sjoding MW, Ryan AM .
Association of intensive care unit admission with mortality among older patients with pneumonia.
JAMA 2015 Sep 22-29;314(12):1272-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.11068..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Elderly, Mortality, Hospitalization
Weiss JW, Peters D, Yang X
Systolic BP and mortality in older adults with CKD.
This study sought to determine whether a nonlinear relationship between BP and mortality - as described for the broader chronic kidney disease (CKD) population and for older adults in the general population - is present for older adults with CKD. It found that in a cohort of older adults, a relationship between higher SBP and mortality was present only for younger members of this cohort and not for those older than 70.
AHRQ-funded; HS019456.
Citation: Weiss JW, Peters D, Yang X .
Systolic BP and mortality in older adults with CKD.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015 Sep 4;10(9):1553-9. doi: 10.2215/cjn.11391114.
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Keywords: Blood Pressure, Mortality, Elderly, Kidney Disease and Health
Brooke BS, Goodney PP, Kraiss LW
Readmission destination and risk of mortality after major surgery: an observational cohort study.
This study examined the association between readmission destination and mortality risk in the USA in Medicare beneficiaries after a range of common operations. It found that patients who are readmitted to hospital after various major operations consistently achieve improved survival if they return to the hospital where their surgery took place.
AHRQ-funded; HS021581.
Citation: Brooke BS, Goodney PP, Kraiss LW .
Readmission destination and risk of mortality after major surgery: an observational cohort study.
Lancet 2015 Aug 29;386(9996):884-95. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60087-3..
Keywords: Hospital Readmissions, Mortality, Surgery, Elderly, Outcomes, Hospitals
Guo MW, Ahn HJ, Juarez DT
Length of stay and deaths in diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations among Asian American, Pacific Islander, and white older adults on Medicare, Hawai'i, December 2006-December 2010.
The objective of this study was to compare in-hospital deaths and length of stays for diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations (D-RPHs) in Hawai‘i for Asian American, Pacific Islander, and white Medicare recipients aged 65 years or older. It found that Native Hawaiians were more likely to die during a D-RPH and were hospitalized at a younger age for a D-RPH than other studied racial/ethnic groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS019990.
Citation: Guo MW, Ahn HJ, Juarez DT .
Length of stay and deaths in diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations among Asian American, Pacific Islander, and white older adults on Medicare, Hawai'i, December 2006-December 2010.
Prev Chronic Dis 2015 Aug 6;12:E124. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.150092..
Keywords: Mortality, Hospitalization, Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Elderly
Chhatre S, Malkowicz SB, Schwartz JS
Understanding the racial and ethnic differences in cost and mortality among advanced stage prostate cancer patients (STROBE).
The aims of the study were to understand the racial/ethnic differences in cost of care and mortality in Medicare elderly with advanced stage prostate cancer. It found that relationship between race/ethnicity, cost of care, and mortality is intricate. For non-Hispanic black men, disparity in mortality can be attributed to treatment differences.
AHRQ-funded; HS024106.
Citation: Chhatre S, Malkowicz SB, Schwartz JS .
Understanding the racial and ethnic differences in cost and mortality among advanced stage prostate cancer patients (STROBE).
Med Health 2015 Aug;94(32):e1353. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000001353..
Keywords: Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Elderly, Disparities
Kabra R, Cram P, Girotra S
Effect of race on outcomes (stroke and death) in patients >65 years with atrial fibrillation.
The researchers sought to determine whether there are any racial differences in the outcomes of death and stroke in patients with newly diagnosed AF in patients >65 years. They found that the risks of death and stroke are higher in blacks and Hispanics compared with whites. The increased risk was eliminated or significantly reduced after adjusting for preexisting co-morbidities.
AHRQ-funded; HS021992.
Citation: Kabra R, Cram P, Girotra S .
Effect of race on outcomes (stroke and death) in patients >65 years with atrial fibrillation.
Am J Cardiol 2015 Jul 15;116(2):230-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.04.012..
Keywords: Elderly, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Stroke, Mortality, Risk
Lopes RD, Gharacholou SM, Holmes DN
Cumulative incidence of death and rehospitalization among the elderly in the first year after NSTEMI.
The researchers evaluated mortality and cause-specific rehospitalization rates in elderly non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction survivors with ischemic heart disease. They found that rehospitalization rates do not rise substantially with advancing age, and rehospitalization is often for noncardiac diagnoses.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Lopes RD, Gharacholou SM, Holmes DN .
Cumulative incidence of death and rehospitalization among the elderly in the first year after NSTEMI.
Am J Med 2015 Jun;128(6):582-90. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.12.032.
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Keywords: Elderly, Mortality, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Hospital Readmissions
Sjoding MW, Iwashyna TJ, Dimick JB
Gaming hospital-level pneumonia 30-day mortality and readmission measures by legitimate changes to diagnostic coding.
The researchers sought to determine the degree to which hospitals can game mortality or readmission measures and change their rankings by recoding patients with pneumonia. They concluded that hospitals can improve apparent pneumonia mortality and readmission rates by recoding pneumonia patients. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should consider changes to their methods used to calculate hospital-level pneumonia outcome measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Sjoding MW, Iwashyna TJ, Dimick JB .
Gaming hospital-level pneumonia 30-day mortality and readmission measures by legitimate changes to diagnostic coding.
Crit Care Med 2015 May;43(5):989-95. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000862..
Keywords: Elderly, Hospital Readmissions, Medicare, Mortality, Pneumonia, Quality Indicators (QIs)
Kumamaru H, Jalbert JJ, Nguyen LL
Surgeon case volume and 30-day mortality after carotid endarterectomy among contemporary medicare beneficiaries: before and after national coverage determination for carotid artery stenting.
The objective of this study is to examine the decline in past-year case-volumes of surgeons performing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) before and after the National Coverage Determination (NCD) for carotid artery stenting (CAS) and to assess its effect on 30-day post-CEA mortality. It found that the rate of CEA procedures decreased substantially during 2001 to 2008. The postprocedural mortality in Medicare beneficiaries was high compared with trial patients.
AHRQ-funded; 29020050016I.
Citation: Kumamaru H, Jalbert JJ, Nguyen LL .
Surgeon case volume and 30-day mortality after carotid endarterectomy among contemporary medicare beneficiaries: before and after national coverage determination for carotid artery stenting.
Stroke 2015 May;46(5):1288-94. doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006276..
Keywords: Surgery, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Elderly
Koroukian SM, Warner DF, Owusu C
Multimorbidity redefined: prospective health outcomes and the cumulative effect of co-occurring conditions.
The researchers explored the prospective effects of multimorbidity on health outcomes (health status, major health decline, and mortality). They found a strong and significant association between multimorbidity and prospective health status, major health decline, and mortality and concluded that multimorbidity may be used — both in clinical practice and in research — to identify older adults with heightened vulnerability for adverse outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023113.
Citation: Koroukian SM, Warner DF, Owusu C .
Multimorbidity redefined: prospective health outcomes and the cumulative effect of co-occurring conditions.
Prev Chronic Dis 2015 Apr 23;12:E55. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.140478..
Keywords: Outcomes, Health Status, Mortality, Elderly
Lo AX, Donnelly JP, McGwin G
Impact of gait speed and instrumental activities of daily living on all-cause mortality in adults >/=65 years with heart failure.
This study investigated the impact of gait speed and IADL, separately and combined, on all-cause mortality in adults with incident heart failure who are >65 years. It found that the combined presence of slower gait speed and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) impairment was associated with a greater risk of mortality and suggested an additive relation between gait speed and IADL.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Lo AX, Donnelly JP, McGwin G .
Impact of gait speed and instrumental activities of daily living on all-cause mortality in adults >/=65 years with heart failure.
Am J Cardiol 2015 Mar 15;115(6):797-801. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.12.044..
Keywords: Elderly, Heart Disease and Health, Mortality
Park Y, Franklin JM, Schneeweiss S
Antipsychotics and mortality: adjusting for mortality risk scores to address confounding by terminal illness.
The researchers sought to determine whether adjustment for prognostic indices specifically developed for nursing home populations affect the magnitude of previously observed associations between mortality and conventional and atypical antipsychotics. They concluded that although causality cannot be proven based on nonrandomized studies, this study adds to the body of evidence rejecting explanations other than causality for the greater mortality risk associated with conventional antipsychotics than with atypical antipsychotics.
AHRQ-funded; HS017918; HS02112.
Citation: Park Y, Franklin JM, Schneeweiss S .
Antipsychotics and mortality: adjusting for mortality risk scores to address confounding by terminal illness.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Mar;63(3):516-23. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13326..
Keywords: Nursing Homes, Mortality, Medication, Elderly, Dementia
Tamirisa NP, Parmar AD, Vargas GM
Relative contributions of complications and failure to rescue on mortality in older patients undergoing pancreatectomy.
This study evaluated the relative contribution of overall postoperative complications and failure to rescue rates on the observed increased mortality in older patients undergoing pancreatic resection at specialized centers. The study found that patients 80 years and older had no difference in complication rates but higher failure to rescue rates compared to patients younger than 80.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134
Citation: Tamirisa NP, Parmar AD, Vargas GM .
Relative contributions of complications and failure to rescue on mortality in older patients undergoing pancreatectomy.
Ann Surg. 2016 Feb;263(2):385-91. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001093..
Keywords: Surgery, Mortality, Patient Safety, Quality of Care, Elderly