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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 5 of 5 Research Studies DisplayedAnjorin AC, Marcaccio CL, Patel PB
Racial and ethnic disparities in 3-year outcomes following infrainguinal bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.
This study’s objective was to determine the differences in 3-year outcomes after open infrainguinal bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) stratified by race/ethnicity and explored the potential factors contributing to these differences to help determine reasons why outcomes are worse for racial and ethnic minorities. The authors identified all CLTI patients who had undergone primary open infrainguinal bypass in the Vascular Quality Initiative registry from 2003 to 2017 with linkage to Medicare claims through 2018 for the 3-year outcomes. Primary outcomes were the 3-year rates of major amputation, reintervention, and mortality. They also recorded 30-day major adverse limb events (MALE) defined as major amputation or reintervention. Of the 7108 patients with CLTI 79% were non-Hispanic White, 15% were Black, 1% were Asian, and 6% were Hispanic. Compared with White patients, Black patients had higher rates of 3-year major amputation (Black vs White, 32% vs 19%), reintervention (Black vs White, 61% vs 57%), and 30-day MALE (Black vs White, 8.1% vs 4.9%) but lower mortality (Black vs White, 38% vs 42%). Hispanic patients also experienced higher rates of amputation (Hispanic vs White, 27% vs 19%), reintervention (Hispanic vs White, 70% vs 57%), and MALE (Hispanic vs White, 8.7% vs 4.9%). However, mortality was similar between Hispanic vs White groups. A higher presence of comorbidities in Black and Hispanic patients with CLTI is considered the greatest contributing factors to higher amputation and reintervention rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS027285.
Citation: Anjorin AC, Marcaccio CL, Patel PB .
Racial and ethnic disparities in 3-year outcomes following infrainguinal bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.
J Vasc Surg 2022 Nov;76(5):1335-46.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.06.026..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Outcomes, Surgery, Cardiovascular Conditions
Roberson ML, Nichols HB, Olshan AF
Trends in surgical treatment of early-stage breast cancer reveal decreasing mastectomy use between 2003 and 2016 by age, race, and rurality.
The authors sought to examine trends in the surgical treatment of breast cancer by age, rurality, and among Black women in a populous, racially diverse, state in the Southeastern United States of America. Using data from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry, they found declining mastectomy rates in the early 2000s in a Southern US state with a racially and geographically diverse population. These decreasing trends were consistent among key subgroups affected by cancer inequities, including Black and White rural women.
AHRQ-funded; HS027299.
Citation: Roberson ML, Nichols HB, Olshan AF .
Trends in surgical treatment of early-stage breast cancer reveal decreasing mastectomy use between 2003 and 2016 by age, race, and rurality.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022 Jun;193(2):445-54. doi: 10.1007/s10549-022-06564-w..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Women, Surgery, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Rural Health
Dos Santos Marques IC, Herbey II, Theiss LM
Understanding the surgical experience for Black and White patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): the importance of health literacy.
The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the surgical experience for Black and White inflammatory bowel disease patients. Same race, semi-structured qualitative interviews with patients with IBD who had undergone surgery were conducted to explore barriers and facilitators to a positive or negative surgical experience. The study reported that 6 focus groups were conducted with 10 Black and 17 White IBD participants with a mean age of 44.8 years, 52% of whom were male and 65% of whom had Crohn’s disease. Four themes were identified that most characterized the surgical experience: the impact of the IBD diagnosis, the quality of the information that was provided, disease management, and the surgery. Within these theme groupings, identified barriers to a positive surgical experience included inadequate personal knowledge of IBD, ineffective written and verbal communication, lack of a support system and complications after surgery. Both groups indicated that information was provided inconsistently which led to unclear expectations of surgical outcomes. The study concluded that surgical experiences vary between Black and White patients, but both groups emphasized the need for understandable, accurate, and trustworthy health information.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009; HS013852.
Citation: Dos Santos Marques IC, Herbey II, Theiss LM .
Understanding the surgical experience for Black and White patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): the importance of health literacy.
Am J Surg 2022 Feb;223(2):303-11. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.06.003..
Keywords: Health Literacy, Surgery, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Digestive Disease and Health, Patient Experience
Mallela DP, Canner JK, Zarkowsky DS
Association between race and perioperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in NSQIP.
This study investigated the association of race on carotid endarterectomy (CEA) outcomes. Perioperative outcomes (at 30 days) were compared for Black vs. White patients adjusting for age/sex, comorbidities and disease characteristics. Out of 16,764 patients from the ACS-NSQIP targeted vascular database (2011-2019), 95.2% were White and 4.8% were Black. Black patients were slightly younger and more frequently (79.5% vs 74.0%) had high-grade carotid artery stenosis compared to White patients. Comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease were all more prevalent among Black patients. Crude perioperative stroke and stroke/death were higher for Black patients, but myocardial infarction leading to death were similar. After adjusting for baseline differences between groups, the risk of perioperative stroke and stroke/death remained significantly higher for Black patients than White patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS024547.
Citation: Mallela DP, Canner JK, Zarkowsky DS .
Association between race and perioperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in NSQIP.
J Am Coll Surg 2022 Jan;234(1):65-73. doi: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000016..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Surgery, Cardiovascular Conditions, Stroke, Risk, Adverse Events
Su WK, Coleman CM, Bossick AS
Racial differences in planned hysterectomy procedure route.
The objective of this study was to assess any racial differences in the likelihood of having a planned minimally invasive surgical (MIS) hysterectomy. Using data from the Henry Ford Health System, findings showed that Black women were not less likely than White women to have planned an MIS hysterectomy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022417
Citation: Su WK, Coleman CM, Bossick AS .
Racial differences in planned hysterectomy procedure route.
J Womens Health 2022 Jan;31(1):31-37. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0132..
Keywords: Women, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Surgery