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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
76 to 100 of 419 Research Studies DisplayedNayfe R, Chansard M, Hynan LS
Comparison of patient-reported outcomes measurement information system and legacy instruments in multiple domains among older veterans with chronic back pain.
This study evaluated construct (convergent and discriminant) validity and time to complete NIH's Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) as compared to legacy instruments. Results showed that, given time efficiency of using PROMIS, along with strong construct validity, PROMIS instruments are a practical choice for measuring multidimensional patient-reported outcomes in older Veterans with chronic low back pain for both research and clinical purposes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Nayfe R, Chansard M, Hynan LS .
Comparison of patient-reported outcomes measurement information system and legacy instruments in multiple domains among older veterans with chronic back pain.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020 Sep 8;21(1):598. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03587-6..
Keywords: Elderly, Back Health and Pain, Pain, Chronic Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Li X, Lewis KH, Callaway K
Suitability of administrative claims databases for bariatric surgery research - is the glass half-full or half-empty?
The authors assessed the availability and validity of claims-based weight-related diagnosis codes among bariatric surgery patients who underwent adjusted gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or sleeve gastrectomy. They found that claims-based weight-related diagnosis codes had excellent validity before and after bariatric surgical operation but suboptimal availability after operation. Claims databases can be used for bariatric surgery studies of non-weight-related effectiveness and safety outcomes that are well-captured.
AHRQ-funded; HS026214.
Citation: Li X, Lewis KH, Callaway K .
Suitability of administrative claims databases for bariatric surgery research - is the glass half-full or half-empty?
BMC Med Res Methodol 2020 Sep 7;20(1):225. doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-01106-8..
Keywords: Obesity: Weight Management, Obesity, Surgery, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
O'Malley AJ, Park S
A novel cluster sampling design that couples multiple surveys to support multiple inferential objectives.
The authors of this paper designed a new sampling methodology for complex health systems that own practices or hospitals to assess the relationship between health organization factors and health outcomes. These complex organizations complicate the construction of optimal survey designs. The authors developed an alternative approach based on constraining the sampling design to satisfy desired statistical properties. They illustrated the new sampling methodology by developing the constraints and solving the ensuing systems of equations to obtain the sampling design for the National Survey of United States Health Care Systems, Hospitals and Practices. They used what they called “coupled” sampling by comparing the proportion of eligible systems for whom the corporate owner and both a hospital and a practice can be used for.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: O'Malley AJ, Park S .
A novel cluster sampling design that couples multiple surveys to support multiple inferential objectives.
Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol 2020 Sep;20(2-3):85-110. doi: 10.1007/s10742-020-00210-y..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Health Services Research (HSR)
Cuthel A, Rogers E, Daniel F
Barriers and facilitators in the recruitment and retention of more than 250 small independent primary care practices for EvidenceNOW.
This study examined barriers and facilitators in the recruitment and retention of small independent practices (SIPs) to participate in research studies. The authors used qualitative data from the HealthyHearts New York City program, part of the EvidenceNOW initiative. This randomized controlled trial took place from 2015 through 2018 across 5 boroughs in NYC. A total of 257 SIPs (<5 full-time clinicians) were recruited originally. The three main factors that facilitated rapid recruitment were: 1) a prior well-established relationship with the local health department; 2) alignment of project goals with practice priorities, and 3) having appropriate monetary incentives. Specific strategies that enhance recruitment of SIPS and fills gaps in knowledge about factors that influence retention are identified.
AHRQ-funded; HS023922.
Citation: Cuthel A, Rogers E, Daniel F .
Barriers and facilitators in the recruitment and retention of more than 250 small independent primary care practices for EvidenceNOW.
Am J Med Qual 2020 Sep/Oct;35(5):388-96. doi: 10.1177/1062860619893422..
Keywords: Primary Care, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies
Landes SJ, Kerns SEU, Pilar MR
Proceedings of the Fifth Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2019: where the rubber meets the road: the intersection of research, policy, and practice - part 1.
This paper offers a compilation of the abstracts of the oral and poster presentations from the 2019 Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) Conference entitled “Where the Rubber Meets the Road: The Intersection of Research, Policy, and Practice” held in Seattle from 12-14 September. The society had evolved following a NIMH-funded conference grant and is now an international society. The conference included 432 attendees. Highlights of the conference are described.
AHRQ-funded; HS025632.
Citation: Landes SJ, Kerns SEU, Pilar MR .
Proceedings of the Fifth Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2019: where the rubber meets the road: the intersection of research, policy, and practice - part 1.
Implement Sci 2020 Sep 30;15(Suppl 3):76. doi: 10.1186/s13012-020-01034-7..
Keywords: Implementation, Health Services Research (HSR), Evidence-Based Practice, Policy, Research Methodologies
Nuamah JK, Adapa K, Mazur L
Electronic health records (EHR) simulation-based training: a scoping review protocol.
This article describes a literature review that will be conducted on the evidence for electronic health record (EHR)-based training interventions to facilitate improved EHR use for healthcare providers. Three databases will be searched for published articles and ProQuest and Google Scholar will be searched to identify unpublished articles from inception to January 29, 2020. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the extracted data, research evidence will be synthesized.
AHRQ-funded; HS025597.
Citation: Nuamah JK, Adapa K, Mazur L .
Electronic health records (EHR) simulation-based training: a scoping review protocol.
BMJ Open 2020 Aug 11;10(8):e036884. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036884..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Research Methodologies, Simulation
O'Neil ME, Harik JM, McDonagh MS
Development of the PTSD-repository: a publicly available repository of randomized controlled trials for posttraumatic stress disorder.
This paper describes the development of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) repository of randomized controlled trials that will be publicly available for clinical, research, and policy stakeholders. The authors created a preliminary dataset which is maintained by the National Center for PTSD (NCPTSD). They searched multiple databases for studies published 1980 to 2018. A total of 318 RCTS of PTSD interventions that enrolled almost 25,000 participants were included. They abstracted 337 variables across all studies. This paper describes their methods, defines data elements, and explains coding challenges. The data is now publicly available on the NCPTSD website.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: O'Neil ME, Harik JM, McDonagh MS .
Development of the PTSD-repository: a publicly available repository of randomized controlled trials for posttraumatic stress disorder.
J Trauma Stress 2020 Aug;33(4):410-19. doi: 10.1002/jts.22520..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Research Methodologies, Registries
Kirby JS, Thorlacius L, Villumsen B L, Villumsen B
The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life (HiSQOL) score: development and validation of a measure for clinical trials.
The authors sought to develop and validate the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality Of Life (HiSQOL©) scale, for clinical trial measurement of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL). They found that the HiSQOL is a reliable and valid instrument to measure HS-specific HRQOL in clinical trials.
AHRQ-funded; HS024585.
Citation: Kirby JS, Thorlacius L, Villumsen B L, Villumsen B .
The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life (HiSQOL) score: development and validation of a measure for clinical trials.
Br J Dermatol 2020 Aug;183(2):340-48. doi: 10.1111/bjd.18692..
Keywords: Quality of Life, Research Methodologies
Riggs K, Richman J, Kertesz S
Trial design for ineffectiveness research: a mixed-methods survey.
High-quality research demonstrating a lack of effectiveness may facilitate the 'de-adoption' of ineffective health services. However, there has been little debate on the optimal design for ineffectiveness research-studies exploring the research hypothesis that an intervention is ineffective. The aim of this study was to explore investigators' preferences for trial design for ineffectiveness research. The investigators conducted a mixed-methods online survey with principle investigators identified from clinicaltrials.gov.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Riggs K, Richman J, Kertesz S .
Trial design for ineffectiveness research: a mixed-methods survey.
BMJ Evid Based Med 2020 Aug;25(4):143-44. doi: 10.1136/bmjebm-2019-111276..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice
Lin D, Lapen K, Sherer MV
A systematic review of contouring guidelines in radiation oncology: analysis of frequency, methodology, and delivery of consensus recommendations.
Clinical trials have described variation in radiation therapy plan quality, of which contour delineation is a key component, and linked this to inferior patient outcomes. In response, consensus guidelines have been developed to standardize contour delineation. This investigation assessed trends in contouring guidelines and examined the methodologies used to generate and deliver recommendations. The investigators concluded that this review highlighted an increase in consensus contouring recommendations over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS026881.
Citation: Lin D, Lapen K, Sherer MV .
A systematic review of contouring guidelines in radiation oncology: analysis of frequency, methodology, and delivery of consensus recommendations.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020 Jul 15;107(4):827-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.04.011..
Keywords: Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Research Methodologies
Goz V, Martin BI, Donnally CJ
Potential selection bias in observational studies comparing cervical disc arthroplasty to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.
This retrospective cohort study looked at potential selection bias for spinal patients undergoing cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) or anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). A total of ACDF or CDA 290,419 procedures were identified in adults from 2004-2014 using ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure codes. The vast majority (98.2%) underwent ACDF. CDA patients were younger and healthier with a higher socioeconomic status than ACDF patients. CDA was also $574 more expensive in the fully specified model. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of complications between the two procedures.
AHRQ-funded; HS024714.
Citation: Goz V, Martin BI, Donnally CJ .
Potential selection bias in observational studies comparing cervical disc arthroplasty to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.
Spine 2020 Jul 15;45(14):960-67. doi: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003427..
Keywords: Surgery, Orthopedics, Research Methodologies
Silverberg JI, Lei D, Yousaf M
Comparison of Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure and Patient-Oriented Scoring Atopic Dermatitis vs Eczema Area and Severity Index and other measures of atopic dermatitis: a validation study.
Little is known about the measurement properties of Patient-Oriented Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD) in adults with atopic dermatitis (AD). Even less is known about how PO-SCORAD performs compared with the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement properties of PO-SCORAD and compare them with those of POEM. The investigators concluded that PO-SCORAD and POEM had good construct and cross-cultural validity, reliability, and responsiveness in adults with AD and were feasible for use in clinical trials and practice.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Silverberg JI, Lei D, Yousaf M .
Comparison of Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure and Patient-Oriented Scoring Atopic Dermatitis vs Eczema Area and Severity Index and other measures of atopic dermatitis: a validation study.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020 Jul;125(1):78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.03.006..
Keywords: Skin Conditions, Research Methodologies, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Thomas LE, Yang S, Wojdyla D
Matching with time-dependent treatments: a review and look forward.
Observational studies of treatment effects attempt to mimic a randomized experiment by balancing the covariate distribution in treated and control groups, thus removing biases related to measured confounders. In this paper, the authors define a class of longitudinal matching methods and provide a review of existing variations, with guidance regarding study design, execution, and analysis. They identify avenues for future research and highlight the relevance of this methodology to high-quality comparative effectiveness studies in the era of big data.
AHRQ-funded; HS24310.
Citation: Thomas LE, Yang S, Wojdyla D .
Matching with time-dependent treatments: a review and look forward.
Stat Med 2020 Jul;39(17):2350-70. doi: 10.1002/sim.8533..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness
Powell KR, Alexander GL. KR, Alexander GL
Qualitative validation of the nursing home IT maturity staging model.
The goal of the current study was to qualitatively explore issues of validity, specificity, and sensitivity regarding the nursing home (NH) information technology (IT) maturity survey and staging model. Participants who completed the NH IT maturity survey were recruited during pilot testing of the survey and staging model. Cognitive interviewing was used to collect qualitative data.
AHRQ-funded; HS022497.
Citation: Powell KR, Alexander GL. KR, Alexander GL .
Qualitative validation of the nursing home IT maturity staging model.
AHRQ-funded; HS022497..
Keywords: Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Health Information Technology (HIT), Research Methodologies
Utter GH, Dhillon TS, Danielsen BH
Use of statewide administrative data to assess clinical outcomes: a retrospective cohort study of therapeutic anticoagulation for isolated calf vein thrombosis.
Single-center comparative effectiveness studies evaluating outcomes that can occur posthospitalization may become biased if outcomes diagnosed at other facilities are not ascertained. Administrative datasets that link patients' records across facilities may improve outcome ascertainment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether use of linked administrative data significantly augmented thromboembolic outcome ascertainment. The investigators concluded that use of linked hospital administrative data augmented detection of outcomes but imperfect linkage, nonspecific diagnoses, and documentation/coding errors introduced uncertainty regarding the accuracy of outcome ascertainment.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Utter GH, Dhillon TS, Danielsen BH .
Use of statewide administrative data to assess clinical outcomes: a retrospective cohort study of therapeutic anticoagulation for isolated calf vein thrombosis.
Med Care 2020 Jul;58(7):658-62. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001347.
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Keywords: Blood Clots, Blood Thinners, Medication, Research Methodologies, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Franc BL, Thombley R, Luo Y
Using diagnosis codes in claims data to identify cohorts of breast cancer patients following initial treatment.
This article describes how researchers trying to study patterns of care and medical service utilization can use diagnosis codes to help identify patients who had undergone initial breast cancer treatment during the first 5 years after treatment for the primary cancer. The authors used claims data of 51,278 newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients from the BC subset of the 2000-2014 SEER-Medicare linked database. From that database they determined the fraction of BC patients who could be identified using BC-specific does 174.x and v10.3 during the year of diagnosis/treatment and during each of the following 5 years after treatment. They then developed a list of diagnosis codes that were found more often in claims from BC patients than in claims of a cohort of patients without a BC diagnosis. They were able to identify BC patients as belonging to 5 different subgroups. In any single year 72.8-99.1% of BC patients had a claim with a174.x diagnosis code. Another 0-11% of BC patients had a v10.3 code. From their findings they concluded that BC patients can be robustly identified within claims databases.
AHRQ-funded; HS024936.
Citation: Franc BL, Thombley R, Luo Y .
Using diagnosis codes in claims data to identify cohorts of breast cancer patients following initial treatment.
Breast J 2020 Jul;26(7):1472-74. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13758..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Women, Research Methodologies
Di Tosto G, McAlearney AS, Fareed N
Metrics for outpatient portal use based on log file analysis: algorithm development.
This study’s goal was to document the functionality of an outpatient portal in the context of outpatient care by mining portal usage data and to provide insights into how patients use this tool. The authors developed a taxonomy of functions and actions and computed analytic metrics, including frequency and comprehensiveness of use. They found that function use was comprehensive at the patient level, while each session was instead limited to the use of one specific function. They hope to promote the replicability of their study at other institutions and to contribute to the establishment of best practices that can facilitate the adoption of behavioral metrics that enable the measurement of patient engagement based on the outpatient portal use.
AHRQ-funded; HS024091; HS024349; HS024379.
Citation: Di Tosto G, McAlearney AS, Fareed N .
Metrics for outpatient portal use based on log file analysis: algorithm development.
J Med Internet Res 2020 Jun 12;22(6):e16849. doi: 10.2196/16849..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies
Cunningham-Erves J, Barajas C, Mayo-Gamble TL
Formative research to design a culturally-appropriate cancer clinical trial education program to increase participation of African American and Latino communities.
This study’s goal was to address knowledge deficiencies about cancer clinical trials and biospecimen donation that can potentially improve participation among racial and ethnic minorities. The researchers included community-based organization (CBO) leaders as research team members, conducted focus groups and cognitive interviews with community members as reviewers/consultants, and interacted with two community advisory groups. Five focus group themes were identified. A final program consisted of two versions (English and Spanish) of a culturally-appropriate slide presentation with speaker notes and videos that represent community member and researcher testimonials. It is hoped these findings will help promote cancer clinical trial participation among African Americans and Latinos.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Cunningham-Erves J, Barajas C, Mayo-Gamble TL .
Formative research to design a culturally-appropriate cancer clinical trial education program to increase participation of African American and Latino communities.
BMC Public Health 2020 Jun 3;20(1):840. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08939-4..
Keywords: Cancer, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cultural Competence, Research Methodologies, Disparities
Ahmad FS, Ricket IM, Hammill BG BG
Computable phenotype implementation for a national, multicenter pragmatic clinical trial: lessons learned from ADAPTABLE.
This methods paper provides an overview of the development and implementation of a computable phenotype in ADAPTABLE (Aspirin Dosing: a Patient-Centric Trial Assessing Benefits and Long-Term Effectiveness)--a pragmatic, randomized, open-label clinical trial testing the optimal dose of aspirin for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. Lessons learned included the following: the accuracy and utility of a computable phenotype are dependent on the quality of the source data; local validation and modification were required based on site factors; and sustained collaboration among a diverse team of researchers is needed during development and implementation. The ADAPTABLE computable phenotype served as an efficient method to recruit patients in a multisite pragmatic clinical trial.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Ahmad FS, Ricket IM, Hammill BG BG .
Computable phenotype implementation for a national, multicenter pragmatic clinical trial: lessons learned from ADAPTABLE.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2020 Jun;13(6):e006292. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.119.006292..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Research Methodologies, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions
Zuvekas SH, Biener AI, Hicks WD
AHRQ Author: Zuvekas SH
The effects of survey enhancements on the quality of reporting in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008–2015.
It is well established that survey respondents imperfectly recall health care use in surveys. However, careful attention to both survey design and fielding procedures can enhance recall. In this study, the investigators examined the effects of a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach to changing field procedures in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) to improve quality of health care use reporting.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Zuvekas SH, Biener AI, Hicks WD .
The effects of survey enhancements on the quality of reporting in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008–2015.
J Surv Stat Methodol 2020 Jun;8(3):589-616..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Research Methodologies
Weng Y, Tian L, Tedesco D
Trajectory analysis for postoperative pain using electronic health records: a nonparametric method with robust linear regression and K-medians cluster analysis.
Postoperative pain scores are widely monitored and collected in the electronic health record, yet current methods fail to fully leverage the data with fast implementation. This article describes a trajectory analysis for postoperative pain using electronic health records. A robust linear regression was fitted to describe the association between the log-scaled pain score and time from discharge after total knee replacement.
AHRQ-funded; HS024096.
Citation: Weng Y, Tian L, Tedesco D .
Trajectory analysis for postoperative pain using electronic health records: a nonparametric method with robust linear regression and K-medians cluster analysis.
Health Informatics J 2020 Jun;26(2):1404-18. doi: 10.1177/1460458219881339..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Pain, Surgery, Orthopedics, Research Methodologies, Health Services Research (HSR)
Shu D, Yoshida K, Fireman BH
Inverse probability weighted Cox model in multi-site studies without sharing individual-level data.
The inverse probability weighted Cox proportional hazards model can be used to estimate the marginal hazard ratio. In multi-site studies, it may be infeasible to pool individual-level datasets due to privacy and other considerations. In this paper, the investigators propose three methods for making inference on hazard ratios without the need for pooling individual-level datasets across sites.
AHRQ-funded; HS026214.
Citation: Shu D, Yoshida K, Fireman BH .
Inverse probability weighted Cox model in multi-site studies without sharing individual-level data.
Stat Methods Med Res 2020 Jun;29(6):1668-81. doi: 10.1177/0962280219869742..
Keywords: Research Methodologies
Kim HS, Courtney DM, McCarthy DM
Patient-reported outcome measures in emergency care research: a primer for researchers, peer reviewers, and readers.
This review article introduces and defines key terminology relating to patient-reported outcomes (PROs), discusses reasons for utilizing PROs in clinical research, outlines basic psychometric and practical assessments that can be used to select a specific PRO measure, and highlights examples of commonly utilized PRO measures in emergency care research.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Kim HS, Courtney DM, McCarthy DM .
Patient-reported outcome measures in emergency care research: a primer for researchers, peer reviewers, and readers.
Acad Emerg Med 2020 May;27(5):403-18. doi: 10.1111/acem.13918..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Research Methodologies
Lewis CC, Boyd MR, Walsh-Bailey C
A systematic review of empirical studies examining mechanisms of implementation in health.
The authors conducted this systematic review to characterize how mechanisms are conceptualized and measured, how they are studied and evaluated, and how much evidence exists for specific mechanisms. They found that researchers have undertaken a multitude of approaches to pursue mechanistic implementation research, but this review revealed substantive conceptual, methodological, and measurement issues that must be addressed in order to advance their research agenda. They recommend greater precision to achieve conceptual clarity, testable hypotheses about how and why variables are related, and concrete behavioral indicators of proximal outcomes in the case of quantitative research and more directed inquiry in the case of qualitative research.
AHRQ-funded; HS025632.
Citation: Lewis CC, Boyd MR, Walsh-Bailey C .
A systematic review of empirical studies examining mechanisms of implementation in health.
Implement Sci 2020 Apr 16;15(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s13012-020-00983-3..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Implementation
Tsou AY, Treadwell JR, Erinoff E
Machine learning for screening prioritization in systematic reviews: comparative performance of Abstrackr and EPPI-Reviewer.
Improving the speed of systematic review (SR) development is key to supporting evidence-based medicine. Machine learning tools which semi-automate citation screening might improve efficiency. Few studies have assessed use of screening prioritization functionality or compared two tools head to head. In this project, the investigators compared performance of two machine-learning tools for potential use in citation screening.
AHRQ-funded; HS025859.
Citation: Tsou AY, Treadwell JR, Erinoff E .
Machine learning for screening prioritization in systematic reviews: comparative performance of Abstrackr and EPPI-Reviewer.
Syst Rev 2020 Apr 2;9(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01324-7..
Keywords: Health Services Research (HSR), Research Methodologies, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research