National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
76 to 93 of 93 Research Studies DisplayedBjarnadottir RI, Millery M, Fleck E
Correlates of online health information-seeking behaviors in a low-income Hispanic community.
The authors explored the correlates of online health information-seeking behaviors among Hispanic residents of a low-income urban neighborhood. They found that age and Spanish as preferred language were negatively associated with online health information-seeking, whereas education and health literacy were positively associated. They concluded that their findings have implications for designing online health information resources and interventions appropriate for the populations they are likely to reach.
AHRQ-funded; HS019853.
Citation: Bjarnadottir RI, Millery M, Fleck E .
Correlates of online health information-seeking behaviors in a low-income Hispanic community.
Inform Health Soc Care 2016 Dec;41(4):341-9. doi: 10.3109/17538157.2015.1064429.
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Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health, Web-Based
Tung EL, Peek ME, Makelarski JA
Adult BMI and access to built environment resources in a high-poverty, urban geography.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between BMI and access to built environment resources in a high-poverty, urban geography. BMI was not associated with potential access to resources located nearest to home. Nearly all participants bypassed at least one nearby resource type; half bypassed nearby grocers (realized access >1 mile from home). Bypassing grocers was associated with a higher BMI.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Tung EL, Peek ME, Makelarski JA .
Adult BMI and access to built environment resources in a high-poverty, urban geography.
Am J Prev Med 2016 Nov;51(5):e119-e27. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.04.019.
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Keywords: Low-Income, Obesity, Urban Health
Caldwell JT, Ford CL, Wallace SP
Intersection of living in a rural versus urban area and race/ethnicity in explaining access to health care in the United States.
The researchers examined whether living in a rural versus urban area differentially exposes populations to social conditions associated with disparities in access to health care. They cocluded that rural status confers additional disadvantage for most of the health care use measures, independently of poverty and health care supply.
AHRQ-funded; HS022811.
Citation: Caldwell JT, Ford CL, Wallace SP .
Intersection of living in a rural versus urban area and race/ethnicity in explaining access to health care in the United States.
Am J Public Health 2016 Aug;106(8):1463-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303212.
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Keywords: Rural Health, Urban Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Access to Care, Social Determinants of Health
Shirley DK, Kaner RJ, Glesby MJ
Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in an urban HIV clinic: a pilot study.
This study aimed to determine the predictive value of a COPD screening strategy validated in the general population and to identify HIV-related factors associated with decreased lung function. It found that questionnaire and peak flow together had low sensitivity, but abnormal peak flow shows potential as a screening tool for COPD in HIV/AIDS. These data suggest that lung function may be influenced by HIV-related factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Shirley DK, Kaner RJ, Glesby MJ .
Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in an urban HIV clinic: a pilot study.
AIDS Patient Care STDS 2015 May;29(5):232-9. doi: 10.1089/apc.2014.0265..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Chronic Conditions, Respiratory Conditions, Urban Health
Bares S, Eavou R, Bertozzi-Villa C
Expanded HIV testing and linkage to care: Conventional vs. Point-of-care testing and assignment of patient notification and linkage to care to an HIV care program.
This study examined the X-TLC program that used standard blood-based laboratory testing vs. point-of-care rapid testing or rapid laboratory testing with point-of-care results notification. Site coordinators and the linkage-to-care coordinator oversaw testing, test notification, and linkage to care. It concluded that HIV screening and linkage to care can be accomplished by incorporating standard testing for HIV into routine medical care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022433.
Citation: Bares S, Eavou R, Bertozzi-Villa C .
Expanded HIV testing and linkage to care: Conventional vs. Point-of-care testing and assignment of patient notification and linkage to care to an HIV care program.
Public Health Rep 2016 Jan-Feb;131 Suppl 1:107-20.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Urban Health, Vulnerable Populations
Earnshaw VA, Rosenthal L, Cunningham SD
Exploring group composition among young, urban women of color in prenatal care: implications for satisfaction, engagement, and group attendance.
The current investigation aimed to explore associations between prenatal care group composition with patient satisfaction, engagement, and group attendance among young, urban women of color. It found that women in groups with others more diverse in age reported greater patient engagement and, in turn, attended more group sessions.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Earnshaw VA, Rosenthal L, Cunningham SD .
Exploring group composition among young, urban women of color in prenatal care: implications for satisfaction, engagement, and group attendance.
Womens Health Issues 2016 Jan-Feb;26(1):110-5. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.09.011.
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Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Pregnancy, Patient Experience, Women, Urban Health
Rhodes RL, Nazir F, Lopez S
Use and predictors of end-of-life care among HIV patients in a safety net health system.
The authors examined completion of advance directives, use of palliative care, and enrollment in hospice among HIV patients who receive care at an urban safety net hospital. They found that the rates of advance directive completion, palliative care use, and hospice use were low. They recommended that advances should be made in identifying those patients earlier in their disease trajectories.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Rhodes RL, Nazir F, Lopez S .
Use and predictors of end-of-life care among HIV patients in a safety net health system.
J Pain Symptom Manage 2016 Jan;51(1):120-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.08.010.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Palliative Care, Urban Health
Cochran GL, Horn SD
Potential effect of coding differences on comparisons of rural and urban outcomes.
To investigate the concern that systematic differences in coding exist, the researchers conducted a small pilot study. Their study compared rural and urban disease severity for four common diagnoses in a Midwestern urban academic medical center and eight critical access hospitals (CAHs). They found significantly fewer comorbidities (identified according to ICD-9 codes) in rural subjects, despite their being approximately 15 years older than subjects in the urban comparator group.
AHRQ-funded; HS018059.
Citation: Cochran GL, Horn SD .
Potential effect of coding differences on comparisons of rural and urban outcomes.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Oct;63(10):2210-2. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13692..
Keywords: Rural Health, Urban Health, Comparative Effectiveness, Outcomes
Pruitt SL, Lee SJ, Tiro JA
Residential racial segregation and mortality among black, white, and Hispanic urban breast cancer patients in Texas, 1995 to 2009.
The authors investigated whether residential segregation was associated with mortality among urban women with breast cancer. They found that greater black segregation and Hispanic segregation were adversely associated with cause-specific mortality and all-cause mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Pruitt SL, Lee SJ, Tiro JA .
Residential racial segregation and mortality among black, white, and Hispanic urban breast cancer patients in Texas, 1995 to 2009.
Cancer 2015 Jun 1;121(11):1845-55. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29282..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Butz AM, Ogborn J, Mudd S
Factors associated with high short-acting beta2-agonist use in urban children with asthma.
The investigators examined factors associated with high short-acting β₂ agonist (SABA) use in inner-city children with asthma. They found that high SABA users were more than 5 times more likely to have an asthma hospitalization, almost 3 times more likely to have an asthma intensive care unit admission, and more than 3 times more likely to have prior specialty asthma care or positive cockroach sensitization than low to moderate SABA users.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Butz AM, Ogborn J, Mudd S .
Factors associated with high short-acting beta2-agonist use in urban children with asthma.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015 May;114(5):385-92. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.03.002.
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Keywords: Asthma, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Urban Health
Strohl AE, Mendoza G, Ghant MS
Barriers to prevention: knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccinations among African American women.
The overall goal of this study was to explore targetable barriers to HPV vaccination among African American women in an urban Chicago population. Most middle-aged African American women demonstrated low knowledge scores regarding HPV, cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine. Education level, household income and having a child who had been offered the HPV vaccine were associated positively with adequate knowledge scores.
AHRQ-funded; HS021141.
Citation: Strohl AE, Mendoza G, Ghant MS .
Barriers to prevention: knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccinations among African American women.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015 Jan;212(1):65.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.059..
Keywords: Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sexual Health, Urban Health, Vaccination, Women
Rokicki S, Montana L, Fink G
Impact of migration on fertility and abortion: evidence from the household and welfare study of Accra.
The researchers used detailed pregnancy and migration histories collected as part of the Household and Welfare Study of Accra (HAWS) to examine the association between migration and pregnancy outcomes among women residing in the urban slums of Accra, Ghana. They found that the completed fertility patterns of lifetime Accra residents are remarkably similar to those of residents who migrated.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Rokicki S, Montana L, Fink G .
Impact of migration on fertility and abortion: evidence from the household and welfare study of Accra.
Demography 2014 Dec;51(6):2229-54. doi: 10.1007/s13524-014-0339-0..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Urban Health, Social Determinants of Health, Labor and Delivery
McIntosh S, Cirillo D, Wood N
Patient evaluation of an acute care pediatric telemedicine service in urban neighborhoods.
The authors characterized health problems prompting neighborhood telemedicine use and to assessed parent perceptions of its value. They found that family preferences and the high value placed on neighborhood telemedicine suggest such service is important, and that service provided by neighborhood telemedicine holds potential to meet a large demand for care of acute childhood illness.
AHRQ-funded; HS018912.
Citation: McIntosh S, Cirillo D, Wood N .
Patient evaluation of an acute care pediatric telemedicine service in urban neighborhoods.
Telemed J E Health 2014 Dec;20(12):1121-6. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2014.0032.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Services Research (HSR), Patient Experience, Telehealth, Urban Health
Qato DM, Daviglus ML, Wilder J
'Pharmacy deserts' are prevalent in Chicago's predominantly minority communities, raising medication access concerns.
The authors examined whether trends in the availability of pharmacies varied across communities in Chicago with different racial or ethnic compositions and whether "pharmacy deserts," or low-access neighborhoods, were more common in segregated black and Hispanic communities than elsewhere. They found that in 2012 there were disproportionately more pharmacy deserts in segregated black communities, as well as in low-income communities and federally designated Medically Underserved Areas. These findings suggest that public policies aimed at improving access to prescription medications may need to address factors beyond insurance coverage and medication affordability.
AHRQ-funded; HS021093.
Citation: Qato DM, Daviglus ML, Wilder J .
'Pharmacy deserts' are prevalent in Chicago's predominantly minority communities, raising medication access concerns.
Health Aff 2014 Nov;33(11):1958-65. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1397.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, White DA
Acute HIV infection and implications of fourth-generation HIV screening in emergency departments.
This editorial discusses a study in the same journal issue that contributes substantially to the understanding of HIV screening in EDs by reporting programmatic results of nontargeted opt-out screening in a high-volume, urban ED. This study is unique in that it reports, for the first time in an ED setting, the use of fourth-generation HIV testing which improves detection of acute HIV infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS021749.
Citation: Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, White DA .
Acute HIV infection and implications of fourth-generation HIV screening in emergency departments.
Ann Emerg Med 2014 Nov;64(5):547-51. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.004..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Emergency Department, Urban Health
Allgood KL, Rauscher GH, Whitman S
Validating self-reported mammography use in vulnerable communities: findings and recommendations.
The researchers examined the potential extent of overreporting of mammography use in low-income African-American and Latina women, and whether self-report inaccuracies might bias estimated associations between patient characteristics and mammography use. They found that although 73% of women self-reported a mammogram in the last 2 years, only 44% of self-reports were documented. Overreporting of mammography use was observed for all ethnic groups studied.
AHRQ-funded; HS018366.
Citation: Allgood KL, Rauscher GH, Whitman S .
Validating self-reported mammography use in vulnerable communities: findings and recommendations.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014 Aug;23(8):1649-58. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1253.
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Keywords: Healthcare Utilization, Vulnerable Populations, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Women, Low-Income, Urban Health
Hsieh YH, Haukoos JS, Rothman RE
Validation of an abbreviated version of the Denver HIV Risk Score for prediction of HIV infection in an urban ED.
The researchers sought to evaluate the performance of a short version of the Denver HIV Risk Score in 2 urban emergency departments. They found that external validation resulted in good discrimination. The study cohort included 15,184 patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS017526
Citation: Hsieh YH, Haukoos JS, Rothman RE .
Validation of an abbreviated version of the Denver HIV Risk Score for prediction of HIV infection in an urban ED.
Am J Emerg Med. 2014 Jul;32(7):775-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.02.043..
Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Risk, Urban Health
Halbert CH, Briggs V, Bowman M
Acceptance of a community-based navigator program for cancer control among urban African Americans.
The researchers evaluated acceptance of a community-based navigator program for cancer control and identified factors having significant independent associations with navigation acceptance in an urban sample of African Americans. They found that age and perceived risk of developing cancer had a significant independent association with navigation acceptance. Participants who believed that they were at high risk for developing cancer had a lower likelihood of completing navigation.
AHRQ-funded; HS019339.
Citation: Halbert CH, Briggs V, Bowman M .
Acceptance of a community-based navigator program for cancer control among urban African Americans.
Health Educ Res 2014 Feb;29(1):97-108. doi: 10.1093/her/cyt098..
Keywords: Cancer, Care Coordination, Care Management, Community-Based Practice, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health