National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- (-) Adverse Events (8)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Disparities (4)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (2)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
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- Patient Safety (1)
- Quality of Care (1)
- (-) Racial and Ethnic Minorities (8)
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- Stroke (1)
- Surgery (4)
- Urban Health (1)
- Women (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedEncinosa W, Moon K, Figueroa J
AHRQ Author: Encinosa W
Complications, adverse drug events, high costs, and disparities in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children vs COVID-19.
This cross-sectional study’s goal was to determine outcomes from multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after COVID-19. Outcomes examined were 50 complications, adverse medication events, costs, and the Social Vulnerability Index. An analysis was conducted using data from the 2021 HCUP in individuals younger than 21 years from 31 states. There were 4107 individuals hospitalized with MIS-C (median age 9 years, 59.5% male, 38.1% White) and 23,686 hospitalizations for COVID-19 without MIS-C (median age 15 years, 54.5% female, 44.1% White). Hospitalization rate for MIS-C was 1.48 per 100,000 children, ranging from 0.97 hospitalizations per 100 for White and 1.99 hospitalizations per 100 for Black children. Outcomes were worse when organ dysfunction increased from 2 to 8 organs, with deaths increasing from less than 1% to 5.8% for MIS-C, and 1% to 17.2% for COVID-19. Median length of stay increased from 4 to 8 days for MIS-C, and 3 to 16 days for COVID-19. Median costs for MIS-C increased from $16,225 to $53 359 and from $6474 to $98,643 for COVID-19. The percentage of MIS-C cases in Black children doubled from 16.2% to 31.7% as organ dysfunction increased, remaining unchanged with COVID-19.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Encinosa W, Moon K, Figueroa J .
Complications, adverse drug events, high costs, and disparities in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children vs COVID-19.
JAMA Netw Open 2023 Jan;6(1):e2244975. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44975..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Healthcare Costs, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Mallela DP, Canner JK, Zarkowsky DS
Association between race and perioperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in NSQIP.
This study investigated the association of race on carotid endarterectomy (CEA) outcomes. Perioperative outcomes (at 30 days) were compared for Black vs. White patients adjusting for age/sex, comorbidities and disease characteristics. Out of 16,764 patients from the ACS-NSQIP targeted vascular database (2011-2019), 95.2% were White and 4.8% were Black. Black patients were slightly younger and more frequently (79.5% vs 74.0%) had high-grade carotid artery stenosis compared to White patients. Comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease were all more prevalent among Black patients. Crude perioperative stroke and stroke/death were higher for Black patients, but myocardial infarction leading to death were similar. After adjusting for baseline differences between groups, the risk of perioperative stroke and stroke/death remained significantly higher for Black patients than White patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS024547.
Citation: Mallela DP, Canner JK, Zarkowsky DS .
Association between race and perioperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in NSQIP.
J Am Coll Surg 2022 Jan;234(1):65-73. doi: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000016..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Surgery, Cardiovascular Conditions, Stroke, Risk, Adverse Events
Pollack LM, Lowder JL, Keller M
Racial/ethnic differences in the risk of surgical complications and posthysterectomy hospitalization among women undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions.
The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate whether 30- and 90-day surgical complication and postoperative hospitalization rates after hysterectomy for benign conditions differed by race/ethnicity and whether the differences remained after controlling for patient, hospital, and surgical characteristics. The investigators concluded that Black and Asian/Pacific Islander women had higher risk of some 30- and 90-day surgical complications after hysterectomy than white women. Black and Hispanic women had higher risk of posthysterectomy hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Pollack LM, Lowder JL, Keller M .
Racial/ethnic differences in the risk of surgical complications and posthysterectomy hospitalization among women undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions.
J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021 May;28(5):1022-32.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.12.032..
Keywords: Surgery, Risk, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Adverse Events, Hospitalization, Women
Costello WG, Zhang L, Schnipper J
Post-discharge adverse events among African American and Caucasian patients of an urban community hospital.
This study compared post-discharge adverse events (AEs) among African American and Caucasian patients at an urban community hospital. This prospective cohort study was conducted from December 2011 to October 2012. The cohort included 589 English-speaking patients who were discharged home and could be contacted after discharge for evaluation. Two nurses performed 30-day post-discharge telephone interviews, and two physicians reviewed health records to determine AEs using a previous methodology. African Americans had a slightly higher incidence of post-discharge AEs than Caucasian patients (30.6 vs. 29.9%) but it was not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS018694.
Citation: Costello WG, Zhang L, Schnipper J .
Post-discharge adverse events among African American and Caucasian patients of an urban community hospital.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021 Apr;8(2):439-47. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00800-z..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health, Disparities, Hospital Discharge
Murosko D, Passerella M, Lorch S
Racial segregation and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) disproportionately affects black neonates. Other conditions that are more common in black neonates, including low birth weight and preterm delivery, have been linked with residential racial segregation (RRS). In this study, the authors investigated the association between RRS and IVH. The investigators concluded that RRS was associated with an increased risk of IVH in preterm neonates, but the effect size varied by race. They indicated that this association persisted after balancing for community factors and birth weight, representing a novel risk factor for IVH.
AHRQ-funded; HS018661.
Citation: Murosko D, Passerella M, Lorch S .
Racial segregation and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.
Pediatrics 2020 Jun;145(6):e20191508. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-1508..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Adverse Events
Stockwell DC, Landrigan CP, Toomey SL
Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in patient safety events for hospitalized children.
Previous studies have revealed racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in quality of care and patient safety. However, these disparities have not been examined in a pediatric inpatient environment by using a measure of clinically confirmed adverse events (AEs). In this study, the investigators do so using the Global Assessment of Pediatric Patient Safety (GAPPS) Trigger Tool. The investigators concluded that the GAPPS analysis revealed racial and/or ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in rates of AEs experienced by hospitalized children across a broad range of geographic and hospital settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS020513; HS025299.
Citation: Stockwell DC, Landrigan CP, Toomey SL .
Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in patient safety events for hospitalized children.
Hosp Pediatr 2019 Jan;9(1):1-5. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2018-0131..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Hospitalization, Patient Safety, Quality of Care, Adverse Events
Leeds IL, Alimi Y, Hobson DR
Racial and socioeconomic differences manifest in process measure adherence for enhanced recovery after surgery pathway.
This study aims to demonstrate the association between recovery pathway implementation, process measures, and short-term surgical outcomes by population subgroup. It concluded that differences in outcomes by race and socioeconomic status did not arise following implementation of an enhanced recovery pathway. Differences in process measures by population subgroups highlight differences in care that require further investigation.
AHRQ-funded; HS024736; HS024547.
Citation: Leeds IL, Alimi Y, Hobson DR .
Racial and socioeconomic differences manifest in process measure adherence for enhanced recovery after surgery pathway.
Dis Colon Rectum 2017 Oct;60(10):1092-101. doi: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000000879.
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Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health, Surgery, Outcomes, Adverse Events
Witt WP, Coffey RM, Lopez-Gonzalez L
AHRQ Author: Andrews RM, Washington RE
Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in postsurgical complications occurring in U.S. hospitals.
This study of 5,474,067 inpatient surgical discharges examined the role of patient, hospital, and community characteristics on racial and ethnic disparities in in-hospital postsurgical complications. It concluded that race does not appear to be an important determinant of in-hospital postsurgical complications, but insurance and community characteristics have an effect.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201300002C.
Citation: Witt WP, Coffey RM, Lopez-Gonzalez L .
Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in postsurgical complications occurring in U.S. hospitals.
Health Serv Res 2017 Feb;52(1):220-43. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12475.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Surgery, Adverse Events