National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Access to Care (2)
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Behavioral Health (5)
- Blood Clots (1)
- Blood Thinners (1)
- Brain Injury (10)
- Care Coordination (1)
- Caregiving (1)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Critical Care (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (3)
- Disparities (1)
- Elderly (2)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (3)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Health Services Research (HSR) (2)
- Imaging (1)
- Injuries and Wounds (4)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- Medicare (1)
- Medication (2)
- Mortality (3)
- Neurological Disorders (1)
- Outcomes (2)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (2)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Registries (1)
- Risk (4)
- Screening (1)
- Sex Factors (1)
- Shared Decision Making (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Training (1)
- Transitions of Care (1)
- (-) Trauma (19)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 19 of 19 Research Studies DisplayedAlbrecht JS, O'Hara LM, Moser KA
Perception of barriers to the diagnosis and receipt of treatment for neuropsychiatric disturbances after traumatic brain injury.
This study explored perceptions of barriers and facilitators to the diagnosis and receipt of treatment for neuropsychiatric disturbances (NPDs) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Using semistructured interviews and focus groups, it found that barriers included poor provider education on TBI NPDs and limited access to care due to lack of insurance, transportation, and income. Facilitators included patient education on TBI NPDs and strong caregiver support.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560.
Citation: Albrecht JS, O'Hara LM, Moser KA .
Perception of barriers to the diagnosis and receipt of treatment for neuropsychiatric disturbances after traumatic brain injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017 Dec;98(12):2548-52. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.007.
.
.
Keywords: Brain Injury, Caregiving, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Behavioral Health, Trauma
Juriga LL, Murray DJ, Boulet JR
Simulation and the diagnostic process: a pilot study of trauma and rapid response teams.
Simulation can be used to recreate conditions that engage teams in the diagnostic process. In contrast to most instruction about diagnostic error, teams learn through realistic experiences and receive timely feedback about their decision-making skills. The purpose of this study was to assess how trauma teams (TrT) and pediatric rapid response teams (RRT) managed scenarios that included a diagnostic error.
AHRQ-funded; HS022265; HS018731.
Citation: Juriga LL, Murray DJ, Boulet JR .
Simulation and the diagnostic process: a pilot study of trauma and rapid response teams.
Diagnosis 2017 Nov 27;4(4):241-49. doi: 10.1515/dx-2017-0010..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Injuries and Wounds, Training, Trauma
Chenoweth JA, Johnson MA, Shook L
Prevalence of intracranial hemorrhage after blunt head trauma in patients on pre-injury dabigatran.
Dabigatran etexilate was the first direct-acting oral anticoagulant approved in the United States. The researchers aimed to determine the prevalence of intracranial hemorrhage for patients on dabigatran presenting to a Level I trauma center. The intracranial hemorrhage prevalence in their study was similar to previous reports for patients on warfarin.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.
Citation: Chenoweth JA, Johnson MA, Shook L .
Prevalence of intracranial hemorrhage after blunt head trauma in patients on pre-injury dabigatran.
West J Emerg Med 2017 Aug;18(5):794-99. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2017.5.33092.
.
.
Keywords: Blood Thinners, Brain Injury, Trauma, Risk, Medication
Sauser Zachrison K, Schwamm LH
Implementation of rapid treatment and interfacility transport for patients with suspected stroke by large-vessel occlusion: in one door and out the other.
This editorial discusses an article in this same issue of JAMA Neurology (McTaggart et al) that describes the results of the implementation of a standard protocol for patients with suspected emergent large-vessel occlusion (ELVO), and the protocol’s impact on both the process of care and patient outcomes. The editorial concludes that the McTaggart article challenges the medical community to develop an interdisciplinary, team-based, protocol-based approach to patients with potential ELVOs, and that work across the disciplines is needed to achieve an acceptable false-positive rate for the system.
AHRQ-funded; HS024561.
Citation: Sauser Zachrison K, Schwamm LH .
Implementation of rapid treatment and interfacility transport for patients with suspected stroke by large-vessel occlusion: in one door and out the other.
JAMA Neurol 2017 Jul;74(7):765-66. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.0324..
Keywords: Brain Injury, Health Services Research (HSR), Healthcare Delivery, Stroke, Transitions of Care, Trauma
O'Neil ME, Callahan M, Carlson KF
Postconcussion symptoms reported by Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans with and without blast exposure, mild traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
This study examined symptom reporting related to the 10th Edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria for postconcussional syndrome (PCS) in veterans. One aim was to examine relationships among PCS symptoms by using the British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (BC-PSI). BC-PSI factors were interpreted as cognitive, vestibular, affective, anger, and somatic. Items and factor scores were highest for veterans with blast exposure plus mTBI, and lowest for controls.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: O'Neil ME, Callahan M, Carlson KF .
Postconcussion symptoms reported by Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans with and without blast exposure, mild traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2017 Jun;39(5):449-58. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1232699.
.
.
Keywords: Brain Injury, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Behavioral Health, Trauma
Albrecht JS, Peters ME, Smith GS
Anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder among Medicare beneficiaries after traumatic brain injury.
This study estimated rates of anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses after traumatic brain injury (TBI) among Medicare beneficiaries. After TBI, 16,519 (17 percent) beneficiaries were diagnosed with anxiety and 269 (0.3 percent) were diagnosed with PTSD. Rates of anxiety and PTSD diagnoses were highest in the first 5 months post-TBI and decreased over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560.
Citation: Albrecht JS, Peters ME, Smith GS .
Anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder among Medicare beneficiaries after traumatic brain injury.
J Head Trauma Rehabil 2017 May/Jun;32(3):178-84. doi: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000266.
.
.
Keywords: Anxiety, Brain Injury, Medicare, Behavioral Health, Trauma
Goins RT, Noonan C, Gonzales K
Association of depressive symptomology and psychological trauma with diabetes control among older American Indian women: does social support matter?
Among older American Indian women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the researchers examined the association between mental health and T2DM control and if social support modifies the association. They found that there was not a significant association between depressive symptomatology and higher HbA1c although increased depressive symptomatology was associated with higher HbA1c values among participants with low social support.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Goins RT, Noonan C, Gonzales K .
Association of depressive symptomology and psychological trauma with diabetes control among older American Indian women: does social support matter?
J Diabetes Complications 2017 Apr;31(4):669-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.01.004.
.
.
Keywords: Diabetes, Elderly, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Trauma
Wegener ST, Pollak AN, Frey KP
The Trauma Collaborative Care Study (TCCS).
This article describes the Trauma Collaborative Care (TCC) program and the design of a multicenter study to evaluate its effectiveness for improving patient outcomes after major, high-energy orthopaedic trauma at level 1 trauma centers. Compared with standard treatment alone, it is hypothesized that access to the TCC program plus standard treatment will result in lower rates of poor patient-reported function, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Wegener ST, Pollak AN, Frey KP .
The Trauma Collaborative Care Study (TCCS).
J Orthop Trauma 2017 Apr;31 Suppl 1:S78-s87. doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000792.
.
.
Keywords: Injuries and Wounds, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Behavioral Health, Screening, Trauma
Corrado MM, Shi J, Wheeler KK
Emergency medical services (EMS) versus non-EMS transport among injured children in the United States.
This study assessed the proportions of injured children transported to trauma centers by different transportation modes and evaluated the effect of transportation mode on inter-facility transfer rates using the US national trauma registry. Over one third of US pediatric trauma patients used non-EMS transport to arrive at trauma centers. Moderate to severely injured children benefit from EMS transport and professional field triage.
AHRQ-funded; HS024263.
Citation: Corrado MM, Shi J, Wheeler KK .
Emergency medical services (EMS) versus non-EMS transport among injured children in the United States.
Am J Emerg Med 2017 Mar;35(3):475-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.11.059.
.
.
Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Children/Adolescents, Trauma, Critical Care
Carr BG, Bowman AJ, Wolff CS
Disparities in access to trauma care in the United States: a population-based analysis.
This study examined the association between geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors and trauma center access, with subgroup analyses of urban-rural disparities. It concluded that, while the majority of the United States has access to trauma care within an hour, almost 30 million US residents do not. Significant disparities in access were evident for vulnerable populations defined by insurance status, income, and rurality.
AHRQ-funded; HS017960.
Citation: Carr BG, Bowman AJ, Wolff CS .
Disparities in access to trauma care in the United States: a population-based analysis.
Injury 2017 Feb;48(2):332-38. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.01.008.
.
.
Keywords: Access to Care, Disparities, Health Services Research (HSR), Social Determinants of Health, Trauma
McDonald V, Hauner KK, Chau A
Networks underlying trait impulsivity: evidence from voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping.
In order to determine the extent to which impulsivity and its components share a common network, a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analysis was performed in a large sample of patients with focal, penetrating traumatic brain injuries. The researchers found that heightened global impulsivity was associated with damage to multiple areas in bilateral prefrontal cortex , left superior, middle and inferior temporal gyrus, and left hippocampus.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: McDonald V, Hauner KK, Chau A .
Networks underlying trait impulsivity: evidence from voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping.
Hum Brain Mapp 2017 Feb;38(2):656-65. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23406.
.
.
Keywords: Brain Injury, Imaging, Trauma
Storzbach D, Twamley EW, Roost MS
Compensatory cognitive training for Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn veterans with mild traumatic brain injury.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of group-based compensatory cognitive training (CCT) for veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury. Veterans who participated in CCT reported significantly fewer cognitive and memory difficulties and greater use of cognitive strategies. They also demonstrated significant improvements on neurocognitive tests of attention, learning, and executive functioning, which were 3 of the cognitive domains targeted in CCT.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Storzbach D, Twamley EW, Roost MS .
Compensatory cognitive training for Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn veterans with mild traumatic brain injury.
J Head Trauma Rehabil 2017 Jan/Feb;32(1):16-24. doi: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000228.
.
.
Keywords: Brain Injury, Neurological Disorders, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Trauma
Humble SS, Wilson LD, McKenna JW
Tracheostomy risk factors and outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury.
The researchers sought to determine risk factors associated with tracheostomy placement after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent outcomes among those who did and did not receive a tracheostomy. They concluded that age and insurance status are independently associated with tracheostomy placement, but not with mortality after severe TBI. Tracheostomy placement is associated with increased survival after severe TBI.
AHRQ-funded; HS013833.
Citation: Humble SS, Wilson LD, McKenna JW .
Tracheostomy risk factors and outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury.
Brain Inj 2016;30(13-14):1642-47. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1199915.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Events, Brain Injury, Outcomes, Risk, Trauma
Albrecht JS, McCunn M, Stein DM
Sex differences in mortality following isolated traumatic brain injury among older adults.
This retrospective cohort study's objective was to determine the possibility of sex differences in mortality among older adutls following isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to comapre with findings using all TBI. The researchers did not find that women were significantly associated with decreased odds of mortality following isolated TBI.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560.
Citation: Albrecht JS, McCunn M, Stein DM .
Sex differences in mortality following isolated traumatic brain injury among older adults.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016 Sep;81(3):486-92. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001118.
.
.
Keywords: Sex Factors, Trauma, Brain Injury, Mortality, Elderly
Humble SS, Wilson LD, Leath TC
ICU sedation with dexmedetomidine after severe traumatic brain injury.
This study describes the dexmedetomidine dosage and infusion times, as well as the physiological parameters, neurological status and daily narcotic requirements before, during and after dexmedetomidine infusion. Its findings demonstrate that initiation of dexmedetomidine infusion is not associated with a decline in neurological functioning in adults with severe TBI.
AHRQ-funded; HS013833.
Citation: Humble SS, Wilson LD, Leath TC .
ICU sedation with dexmedetomidine after severe traumatic brain injury.
Brain Inj 2016;30(10):1266-70. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1187289.
.
.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Brain Injury, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Medication, Trauma
Yen J, Van Arendonk KJ, Streiff MB
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in pediatric trauma patients and validation of a novel scoring system: the risk of clots in kids with trauma score.
The researchers identified risk factors for venous thromboembolism and developed venous thromboembolism risk assessment models for pediatric trauma patients. They found that venous thromboembolism is infrequent after trauma in pediatric patients, and they developed weighted scoring systems to stratify pediatric trauma patients at risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS017952.
Citation: Yen J, Van Arendonk KJ, Streiff MB .
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in pediatric trauma patients and validation of a novel scoring system: the risk of clots in kids with trauma score.
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016 May;17(5):391-9. doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000699.
.
.
Keywords: Blood Clots, Children/Adolescents, Risk, Risk, Trauma
Shaw JJ, Psoinos CM, Santry HP
It's all about location, location, location: A new perspective on trauma transport.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of aeromedical transport on trauma mortality when accounting for geographic factors. It concluded that helicopter transport does not impart a survival benefit for trauma patients when geographic considerations are taken into account.
AHRQ-funded; HS022694.
Citation: Shaw JJ, Psoinos CM, Santry HP .
It's all about location, location, location: A new perspective on trauma transport.
Ann Surg 2016 Feb;263(2):413-8. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001265..
Keywords: Trauma, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Registries, Mortality, Access to Care
Newgard CD, Lowe RA
Cost savings in trauma systems: The devil's in the details.
The authors comment on an article in the same issue of Annals by Zocchi et al. They argue that it makes an important contribution to trauma research and health policy by addressing the question: Can we potentially save money in trauma systems without compromising outcomes by redirecting patients with minor to moderate injuries away from major trauma centers?
AHRQ-funded; HS023796.
Citation: Newgard CD, Lowe RA .
Cost savings in trauma systems: The devil's in the details.
Ann Emerg Med 2016 Jan;67(1):68-70. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.06.025..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Trauma, Mortality, Care Coordination, Injuries and Wounds
Vogel JA, Newgard CD, Holmes JF
Validation of the Denver emergency department trauma organ failure score to predict post-injury multiple organ failure.
The objective of the study was to externally validate the Denver Emergency Department (ED) Trauma Organ Failure (TOF) Score, a 6-item instrument that includes age, intubation, hematocrit, systolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, and white blood cell count, which was designed to predict the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) within 7 days of hospitalization. It was determined that the Denver ED TOF Score predicted development of MOF within 7 days of hospitalization.
AHRQ-funded; HS017526; HS023901.
Citation: Vogel JA, Newgard CD, Holmes JF .
Validation of the Denver emergency department trauma organ failure score to predict post-injury multiple organ failure.
J Am Coll Surg 2016 Jan;222(1):73-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.10.010.
.
.
Keywords: Emergency Department, Trauma, Shared Decision Making, Risk, Injuries and Wounds