National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedNguyen NH, Luo J, Paul P
Effectiveness and safety of biologic therapy in Hispanic vs non-Hispanic patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a CA-IBD cohort study.
Researchers compared risk of hospitalization, surgery, and serious infection in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic adult patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) who were new recipients of biologic therapy. Their findings indicate that Hispanic patients experienced higher hospitalization, surgery, and serious infection rates. The researchers concluded that future studies should investigate the biological, social, and environmental drivers of these differences.
AHRQ-funded; HS019913.
Citation: Nguyen NH, Luo J, Paul P .
Effectiveness and safety of biologic therapy in Hispanic vs non-Hispanic patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a CA-IBD cohort study.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Jan;21(1):173-81.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.05.008..
Keywords: Digestive Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Treatments
Dos Santos Marques IC, Herbey II, Theiss LM
Understanding the surgical experience for Black and White patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): the importance of health literacy.
The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the surgical experience for Black and White inflammatory bowel disease patients. Same race, semi-structured qualitative interviews with patients with IBD who had undergone surgery were conducted to explore barriers and facilitators to a positive or negative surgical experience. The study reported that 6 focus groups were conducted with 10 Black and 17 White IBD participants with a mean age of 44.8 years, 52% of whom were male and 65% of whom had Crohn’s disease. Four themes were identified that most characterized the surgical experience: the impact of the IBD diagnosis, the quality of the information that was provided, disease management, and the surgery. Within these theme groupings, identified barriers to a positive surgical experience included inadequate personal knowledge of IBD, ineffective written and verbal communication, lack of a support system and complications after surgery. Both groups indicated that information was provided inconsistently which led to unclear expectations of surgical outcomes. The study concluded that surgical experiences vary between Black and White patients, but both groups emphasized the need for understandable, accurate, and trustworthy health information.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009; HS013852.
Citation: Dos Santos Marques IC, Herbey II, Theiss LM .
Understanding the surgical experience for Black and White patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): the importance of health literacy.
Am J Surg 2022 Feb;223(2):303-11. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.06.003..
Keywords: Health Literacy, Surgery, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Digestive Disease and Health, Patient Experience
Dos Santos Marques IC, Theiss LM, Wood LN
Racial disparities exist in surgical outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
The authors hypothesized that racial disparities exist for Hispanic and Asian patients undergoing surgery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS- NSQIP) was used. They found that racial disparities do exist among IBD patients undergoing surgery. Black, Hispanic, and Asian IBD patients experience major disparities in post-operative complications, readmissions, and length of stay, respectively, when compared to White patients with IBD. They recommended future research to better understand the mechanisms of these disparities including evaluation of social determinants of health.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Dos Santos Marques IC, Theiss LM, Wood LN .
Racial disparities exist in surgical outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Am J Surg 2021 Apr;221(4):668-74. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.12.010..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Surgery, Digestive Disease and Health, Outcomes
Shah SC, Canakis A, Peek RM
Endoscopy for gastric cancer screening is cost effective for Asian Americans in the United States.
Endoscopic screening for gastric cancer is routine in some countries with high incidence and is associated with reduced gastric cancer-related mortality. Immigrants from countries of high incidence to low incidence of gastric cancer retain their elevated risk, but no screening recommendations have been made for these groups in the United States. In this study the investigators aimed to determine the cost effectiveness of different endoscopic screening strategies for noncardia gastric cancer, compared with no screening, among Chinese, Filipino, Southeast Asian, Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese Americans.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Shah SC, Canakis A, Peek RM .
Endoscopy for gastric cancer screening is cost effective for Asian Americans in the United States.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Dec;18(13):3026-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.031..
Keywords: Cancer, Digestive Disease and Health, Screening, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Healthcare Costs
Shah SC, McKinley M, Gupta S
Population-based analysis of differences in gastric cancer incidence among races and ethnicities in individuals age 50 years and older.
There are racial and ethnic differences in the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma worldwide and in the US. Based on a decision analysis, screening for noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma might be cost-effective for non-White individuals 50 years or older. In this study, the investigators aimed to estimate the differences in gastric adenocarcinoma incidence in specific anatomic sites among races and ethnicities in individuals 50 years or older.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Shah SC, McKinley M, Gupta S .
Population-based analysis of differences in gastric cancer incidence among races and ethnicities in individuals age 50 years and older.
Gastroenterology 2020 Nov;159(5):1705-14.e2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.049..
Keywords: Elderly, Cancer, Digestive Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities
Dos Santos Marques IC, Theiss LM, Baker SJ
Low health literacy exists in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population and is disproportionately prevalent in older African Americans.
This study assessed the prevalence of low health literacy rates among adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a diverse population and identified risk factors for low health literacy. IBD patients at a single institution from November 2017 to May 2018 were assessed for health literacy using the Newest Vital Sign (NWS). Secondary outcomes were length-of-stay (LOS) and 30-day readmissions after surgery. There were 175 patients surveyed who were 59% female, 23% African Americans, 91% with Crohn’s disease, and mean age was 46. Overall the low health literacy rate was 24%, with African Americans having a higher prevalence (47.5%) versus 17.0% for white IBD patients. Low health literacy was associated with older age and African American race. There were no significant differences between LOS and readmissions rates by health literacy levels.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Dos Santos Marques IC, Theiss LM, Baker SJ .
Low health literacy exists in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population and is disproportionately prevalent in older African Americans.
Crohns Colitis 360 2020 Oct;2(4). doi: 10.1093/crocol/otaa076..
Keywords: Elderly, Health Literacy, Digestive Disease and Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Chronic Conditions
Shah SC, Nakata C, Polydorides AD
Upper endoscopy up to 3 years prior to a diagnosis of gastric cancer is associated with lower stage of disease in a USA multiethnic urban population, a retrospective study.
This study focused on the feasibility of earlier diagnosis of non-cardia gastic cancer (NCGC) for high-risk populations in the US who include multiracial and ethnic populations. A retrospective study was conducted with patients who were positively identified endoscopically with NCGC at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. The primary outcome was an increased frequency of patients diagnosed with stage 0-Ia (38%) as opposed to stage Ib-III (34%) and stage IV (20.3%). For patients with stage 0-Ia if they had a prior negative endoscopy there was a 94% higher likelihood of the NCGC being in a curable stage.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Shah SC, Nakata C, Polydorides AD .
Upper endoscopy up to 3 years prior to a diagnosis of gastric cancer is associated with lower stage of disease in a USA multiethnic urban population, a retrospective study.
J Prev Med Public Health 2019 May;52(3):179-87. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.18.262..
Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Digestive Disease and Health, Imaging, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Urban Health
Chuang LS, Villaverde N, Hui KY
A frameshift in CSF2RB predominant among Ashkenazi Jews increases risk for Crohn's disease and reduces monocyte signaling via GM-CSF.
The authors sought to identify rare, Crohn's disease-associated frameshift variants of high functional and statistical effects. They associated Crohn's disease with a frameshift mutation in CSF2RB. Intestinal monocytes from carriers of this mutation had reduced responses to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Chuang LS, Villaverde N, Hui KY .
A frameshift in CSF2RB predominant among Ashkenazi Jews increases risk for Crohn's disease and reduces monocyte signaling via GM-CSF.
Gastroenterology 2016 Oct;151(4):710-23.e2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.06.045.
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Keywords: Digestive Disease and Health, Genetics, Risk, Racial and Ethnic Minorities