National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Behavioral Health (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Communication (1)
- Depression (1)
- (-) Diagnostic Safety and Quality (12)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (1)
- Emergency Department (1)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (1)
- Healthcare Costs (1)
- Healthcare Delivery (1)
- Health Promotion (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- (-) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (12)
- Infectious Diseases (2)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (1)
- Patient Self-Management (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Prevention (4)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (1)
- Screening (2)
- Sexual Health (1)
- Social Stigma (2)
- Urban Health (1)
- Vulnerable Populations (2)
- Women (3)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 12 of 12 Research Studies DisplayedRodriguez PJ, Roberts DA, Meisner J
Cost-effectiveness of dual maternal HIV and syphilis testing strategies in high and low HIV prevalence countries: a modelling study.
Dual HIV and syphilis testing might help to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and syphilis through increased case detection and treatment. In this study, the investigators aimed to model and assess the cost-effectiveness of dual testing during antenatal care in four countries with varying HIV and syphilis prevalence. The authors concluded that incorporating dual rapid diagnostic tests in antenatal care could be cost-saving across countries with varying HIV prevalence.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Rodriguez PJ, Roberts DA, Meisner J .
Cost-effectiveness of dual maternal HIV and syphilis testing strategies in high and low HIV prevalence countries: a modelling study.
Lancet Glob Health 2021 Jan;9(1):e61-e71. doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30395-8..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Pregnancy, Women, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Healthcare Costs
Iribarren S, Lentz C, Sheinfil AZ
Using an HIV self-test kit to test a partner: attitudes and preferences among high-risk populations.
Researchers explored attitudes and preferences among HIV-negative men who have sex with men and HIV-negative transgender women using an HIV self-testing (HIVST) kit to test partners. They found that most preferred gum swab over fingerprick tests, but would prefer a blood test if it gave results for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They concluded that efforts to improve HIVST uptake should focus on incorporating testing for other STIs, reducing test kit size, and reducing cost.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Iribarren S, Lentz C, Sheinfil AZ .
Using an HIV self-test kit to test a partner: attitudes and preferences among high-risk populations.
AIDS Behav 2020 Nov;24(11):3232-43. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02885-3..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases, Prevention
Giguere R, Lopez-Rios J, Frasca T
Use of HIV self-testing kits to screen clients among transgender female sex workers in New York and Puerto Rico.
This research focused on the use of HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits given to transgender female sex workers (TFSW) to screen sexual partners. Ten TFSWs were given ten HIVST kits each and they complete an online questionnaire 3 months later or underwent an interview. Eight of them reported using the test kit with potential clients or partners. The majority who were asked to test were clients (84%). Out of those 50 potential partners or clients, 34 out of 50 accepted and 16 refused. Participants felt empowered but the market cost of these kits is prohibitive and could only be implemented if the costs were lowered or subsidized.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Giguere R, Lopez-Rios J, Frasca T .
Use of HIV self-testing kits to screen clients among transgender female sex workers in New York and Puerto Rico.
AIDS Behav 2020 Feb;24(2):506-15. doi: 10.1007/s10461-019-02730-2..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Vulnerable Populations, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Sexual Health, Patient Self-Management, Women
Payan DD, Derose KP, Fulcar MA
"It was as though my spirit left, like they killed me": the disruptive impact of an HIV-positive diagnosis among women in the Dominican Republic.
An HIV diagnosis may be associated with severe emotional and psychological distress, which can contribute to delays in care or poor self-management. In this study, the investigators conducted in-depth interviews with 30 women living with HIV in the Dominican Republic to explore the emotional, psychological, and psychosocial impacts of an HIV diagnosis on women in low-resource settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Payan DD, Derose KP, Fulcar MA .
"It was as though my spirit left, like they killed me": the disruptive impact of an HIV-positive diagnosis among women in the Dominican Republic.
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2019 Jan-Dec;18. doi: 10.1177/2325958219849042..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Women, Social Stigma, Depression, Behavioral Health
Payan DD, Florez KR, Bogart LM
Promoting health from the pulpit: a process evaluation of HIV sermons to reduce HIV stigma and promote testing in African American and Latino churches.
This study explored implementation of an HIV sermon as part of a multi-component intervention in three churches (Latino Catholic, Latino Pentecostal, and African American Baptist) in high HIV prevalence areas of Los Angeles County, California. The investigators found large variation in fidelity to communicating key HIV messages from the sermon guide. They concluded that structured training of clergy may be necessary to implement the more theoretically driven stigma reduction cues included in the sermon guide.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Payan DD, Florez KR, Bogart LM .
Promoting health from the pulpit: a process evaluation of HIV sermons to reduce HIV stigma and promote testing in African American and Latino churches.
Health Commun 2019 Jan;34(1):11-20. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1384352..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Social Stigma, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Health Promotion, Education: Patient and Caregiver, Communication, Prevention
Grover S, Desir F, Jing Y
Reduced cancer survival among adults with HIV and AIDS-defining illnesses despite no difference in cancer stage at diagnosis.
A cohort of persons with HIV (PWH) who had AIDS-defining illness (ADI) at the time of cancer diagnosis were compared to those without HIV and ADI with cancer diagnosis at the same stages. Those with ADI had a higher mortality rate (30-70%) with lung cancer statistically significant. This finding is related with HIV-related immune suppression.
AHRQ-funded; 90047713.
Citation: Grover S, Desir F, Jing Y .
Reduced cancer survival among adults with HIV and AIDS-defining illnesses despite no difference in cancer stage at diagnosis.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018 Dec 1;79(4):421-29. doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001842..
Keywords: Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Outcomes
Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, Rothman RE
The evolving landscape of HIV screening in the emergency department.
This article is a summary of two studies that appear in the same edition of the journal. The two studies describe the value of using targeted vs. non-targeted screening for HIV in emergency departments (EDs). New diagnosis rates were relatively small, which suggested that the use of targeted screening may be need to be refined more in terms of selection criteria.
AHRQ-funded; HS021749.
Citation: Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, Rothman RE .
The evolving landscape of HIV screening in the emergency department.
Ann Emerg Med 2018 Jul;72(1):54-56. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.01.041..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Emergency Department, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Screening
Bares S, Eavou R, Bertozzi-Villa C
Expanded HIV testing and linkage to care: Conventional vs. Point-of-care testing and assignment of patient notification and linkage to care to an HIV care program.
This study examined the X-TLC program that used standard blood-based laboratory testing vs. point-of-care rapid testing or rapid laboratory testing with point-of-care results notification. Site coordinators and the linkage-to-care coordinator oversaw testing, test notification, and linkage to care. It concluded that HIV screening and linkage to care can be accomplished by incorporating standard testing for HIV into routine medical care.
AHRQ-funded; HS022433.
Citation: Bares S, Eavou R, Bertozzi-Villa C .
Expanded HIV testing and linkage to care: Conventional vs. Point-of-care testing and assignment of patient notification and linkage to care to an HIV care program.
Public Health Rep 2016 Jan-Feb;131 Suppl 1:107-20.
.
.
Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Urban Health, Vulnerable Populations
Eckerle MD, Namde M, Holland CK
Opportunities for earlier HIV diagnosis in a pediatric ED.
The researchers sought to determine whether there were opportunities for earlier HIV diagnosis in the PED for a cohort of young adults diagnosed with HIV. They concluded that there are opportunities for earlier diagnosis of HIV in PEDs, affirming the importance of HIV screening implementation in these settings. However, PEDs are unlikely to have the same frequency of contact with undiagnosed individuals as do adult EDs.
AHRQ-funded; HS021749.
Citation: Eckerle MD, Namde M, Holland CK .
Opportunities for earlier HIV diagnosis in a pediatric ED.
Am J Emerg Med 2015 Jul;33(7):917-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.04.006..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Screening, Children/Adolescents, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Haines CF, Fleishman JA, Yehia BR
AHRQ Author: Fleishman JA
Increase in CD4 count among new enrollees in HIV care in the modern antiretroviral therapy era.
The authors sought to determine whether the CD4 count at presentation, a surrogate for time to presentation, increased from 2003 to 2011. They demonstrated a small, but statistically significant, increase in CD4 at presentation after the 2006 CDC HIV-screening guideline revision.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded; 290201100007C.
Citation: Haines CF, Fleishman JA, Yehia BR .
Increase in CD4 count among new enrollees in HIV care in the modern antiretroviral therapy era.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014 Sep 1;67(1):84-90. doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000228.
.
.
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Kelly JD, Hartman C, Graham J
Social support as a predictor of early diagnosis, linkage, retention, and adherence to HIV care: results from the steps study.
The researchers studied 168 persons newly diagnosed with AIDS to determine if social support contributes to various aspects of HIV care. They found that higher social support scores were associated with earlier HIV diagnosis, linkage to care, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, social support did not contribute to use of ART or retention in HIV care.
AHRQ-funded; HS016093
Citation: Kelly JD, Hartman C, Graham J .
Social support as a predictor of early diagnosis, linkage, retention, and adherence to HIV care: results from the steps study.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2014 Sep-Oct;25(5):405-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2013.12.002..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Patient Adherence/Compliance, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Crane HM, Heckbert SR, Drozd DR
Lessons learned from the design and implementation of myocardial infarction adjudication tailored for HIV clinical cohorts.
In this study, a team of researchers developed, implemented, and evaluated a myocardial infarction (MI) adjudication protocol for cohort research of human immunodeficiency virus. They found that central adjudication is crucial and that clinical diagnoses alone are insufficient for ascertainment of MI. Over half the events ultimately determined to be MIs were not identified by clinical diagnoses.
AHRQ-funded; HS019515
Citation: Crane HM, Heckbert SR, Drozd DR .
Lessons learned from the design and implementation of myocardial infarction adjudication tailored for HIV clinical cohorts.
Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Apr 15;179(8):996-1005. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu010..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Heart Disease and Health, Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Diagnostic Safety and Quality