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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
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1 to 3 of 3 Research Studies DisplayedObodozie-Ofoegbu OO, Teng C, Mortensen EM
Antipseudomonal monotherapy or combination therapy for older adults with community-onset pneumonia and multidrug-resistant risk factors: a retrospective cohort study.
Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines recommend empiric antipseudomonal combination therapy when Pseudomonas is suspected. However, combination antipseudomonal therapy is controversial. This population-based retrospective cohort study compared all-cause 30-day mortality in older patients who received antipseudomonal monotherapy (PMT) or antipseudomonal combination therapy (PCT) for the treatment of community-onset pneumonia. The investigators found that older adults who received combination antipseudomonal therapy for community-onset pneumonia fared worse than those who received monotherapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Obodozie-Ofoegbu OO, Teng C, Mortensen EM .
Antipseudomonal monotherapy or combination therapy for older adults with community-onset pneumonia and multidrug-resistant risk factors: a retrospective cohort study.
Am J Infect Control 2019 Sep;47(9):1053-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.018..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Community-Acquired Infections, Elderly, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Pneumonia, Risk
Ren Z, Laumann AE, Silverberg JI
Association of dermatomyositis with systemic and opportunistic infections in the United States.
This study examined whether dermatomyositis is associated with opportunistic and antibiotic-resistant infections. Data was analyzed from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2012 with a cross-sectional representative 20% sample of all hospitalizations in the US. There was an association found with serious infections in adults and children, with more associated with adults. Infections were found in the skin, bone, joints, brain, heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal system. Predictors of infections included non-white race/ethnicity, insurance status, history of long-term corticosteroid usage, Cushing’s syndrome, diabetes and cancer. This in turn caused higher odds, costs, and inpatient mortality from these infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Ren Z, Laumann AE, Silverberg JI .
Association of dermatomyositis with systemic and opportunistic infections in the United States.
Arch Dermatol Res 2019 Jul;311(5):377-87. doi: 10.1007/s00403-019-01913-0..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Infectious Diseases, Risk, Skin Conditions
Schmajuk G, Jafri K, Evans M
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis patterns among patients with rheumatic diseases receiving high-risk immunosuppressant drugs.
This study examined the use of prophylactic drugs used to prevent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), a rare condition sometimes caused by use of high risk immunosuppressants. This disease has a high rate of mortality. The study authors followed 316 patients for about 1-2 years who had high risk conditions such as vasculitis, myositis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Overall, 39% of patients received prophylactic antibiotics. However, at least 25% of the patients with the highest risk conditions (vasculitis) or highest risk for immunosuppressants did not receive PJP prophylaxis. During the study period, no cases of PJP ever occurred among any of the study group.
AHRQ-funded; HS023558; HS024412.
Citation: Schmajuk G, Jafri K, Evans M .
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis patterns among patients with rheumatic diseases receiving high-risk immunosuppressant drugs.
Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019 Jun;48(6):1087-92. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.10.018..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Prevention, Risk