National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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- Cancer (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 18 of 18 Research Studies DisplayedJones SA, Schlundt DG, Bonnet KR
Head Start's role in addressing food and nutrition insecurity: focus group findings.
The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of Head Start (HS) families' and employees' on family experiences with food and nutrition insecurity (FNI) and determine if and how HS addresses them. From August 2021 to January 2022, the researchers conducted 4 virtual focus groups with 27 HS employee and family participants. The study found that when addressing multilevel factors affecting FNI, HS's 2-generational method is useful for families. It was also determined that the role of the family advocate is critical. Finally, in addition to improving access to nutritious foods, skills and education to decrease generational unhealthy behaviors should be emphasized.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Jones SA, Schlundt DG, Bonnet KR .
Head Start's role in addressing food and nutrition insecurity: focus group findings.
J Nutr Educ Behav 2023 Aug; 55(8):612-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.04.004..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Nutrition
Heerman WJ, Sneed NM, Sommer EC
Ultra-processed food consumption and BMI-Z among children at risk for obesity from low-income households.
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between baseline ultra-processed food consumption in early childhood and child BMI Z-score over 36 months. Among 595 children, median baseline age was 4.3 years, 65.4% had normal weight, 33.8% were overweight, and 0.8% were obese. When compared with low ultra-processed consumption (300 kcals/day), High ultra-processed intake (1300 kcals/day) was related with a 1.2 higher BMI-Z at 36 months for 3-year-olds and a 0.6 higher BMI-Z for 4-year-olds. The difference was not statistically significant for 5-year-olds or overall.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Heerman WJ, Sneed NM, Sommer EC .
Ultra-processed food consumption and BMI-Z among children at risk for obesity from low-income households.
Pediatr Obes 2023 Aug; 18(8):e13037. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.13037..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Obesity, Low-Income, Nutrition, Vulnerable Populations
Sneed NM, Azuero A, Moss J
Total added sugar consumption is not significantly associated with risk for prediabetes among U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018.
This study examined if total grams/day and percent intakes of <10%, 10-15%, or >15% added sugar increase the odds for prediabetes in U.S. adults. A cross-sectional secondary analysis of 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data was conducted. The study included data from adults ≥ 20 years with normoglycemia (N = 2,154) and prediabetes (N = 3,152) with 1-2 days of dietary recall information. The National Cancer Institute Method was used to estimate odds ratios of prediabetes based on usual intakes of added sugar (total and percent intakes). Total energy intake of the sample from added sugar was 13.9%. Total and percent intakes of added sugar and adjusted intakes were not significantly associated with an increased odds of prediabetes. Prediabetes did not differ by race/ethnicity or percent of added sugar intakes.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Sneed NM, Azuero A, Moss J .
Total added sugar consumption is not significantly associated with risk for prediabetes among U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018.
PLoS One 2023 Jun 20; 18(6):e0286759. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286759..
Keywords: Diabetes, Nutrition
Brown T, Brody R, Sackey J
Dietary intake correlated to waist-to-hip ratio in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing regular hemodialysis (RHD) are susceptible to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Insufficient dietary consumption and changes in body measurements are among the diagnostic criteria for PEM. The purpose of this study was to measure the adherence of ESRD patients on RHD to the 2020 National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI) recommendations for nutritional sufficiency during a dialysis day (DD) and analyze the association between dietary energy (DEI) and protein (DPI) intake and body measurements. The study utilized a secondary review of clinical and demographic data from 142 adults in the Rutgers Nutrition and Kidney Disease database. The correlations between DEI, DPI, and body measurements such as body mass index (BMI), BMI classification, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were evaluated. The study found that the median age of the participants was 55.7 years, with 58% being male and 83.8% identifying as Black/African American. The median time spent on dialysis was 42.0 months (approximately 3.5 years). Seventy-five percent of the participants were classified as overweight or obese. The WHR was 1.0 ± 0.8 cm for males and 0.9 ± 0.1 cm for females. Neither DEI nor DPI on a DD complied with the NKF-KDOQI 2020 recommendations. The median DEI was 17.6 ± 8.4 kcal/kg, and DPI was 0.7 ± 0.4 g/kg. Significant positive correlations were found between DEI and DPI and WHR for the entire sample. In females, a significant positive correlation emerged between DPI and WHR. The researchers concluded that the nutritional consumption of ESRD patients undergoing RHD falls short of the NKF-KDOQI 2020 guidelines on a DD.
AHRQ-funded; HS023434
Citation: Brown T, Brody R, Sackey J .
Dietary intake correlated to waist-to-hip ratio in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
J Ren Nutr 2023 Mar;33(2):355-62. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.09.012.
Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Nutrition, Chronic Conditions
Sonik RA, Coleman-Jensen A, Creedon TB
SNAP participation and emergency department use.
The objectives of this study were to examine whether Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation is associated with emergency department use among low-income children, and whether any such association is mediated by household food hardship and child health status and/or moderated by special health care needs (SHCN) status. Researched pooled cross-sectional samples of children in low-income households from 2016-19 National Survey of Children's Health. SNAP participation was found to be associated with lower likelihoods of emergency department use. The researchers concluded that food hardship relief may improve outcomes for vulnerable children as well as the health systems that serve them.
poverty food
Citation: Sonik RA, Coleman-Jensen A, Creedon TB .
SNAP participation and emergency department use.
Pediatrics 2023 Feb;151(2):e2022058247. doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-058247.
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Nutrition, Vulnerable Populations, Low-Income, Emergency Department
Treadwell JR, Kessler SK, Wu M
Pharmacologic and dietary treatments for epilepsies in children aged 1-36 months: a systematic review.
The purpose of this systematic review study was to assess the effectiveness and harms of pharmacologic and dietary treatments for epilepsy in children aged 1-36 months without infantile spasms. The researchers searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for studies published from 1/1/1999 to 8/19/21 to identify studies reporting data on children aged 1-36 months receiving pharmacologic or dietary treatments for epilepsy. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. The study found that Levetiracetam leads to seizure freedom in some infants but the data on 6 other medications (lamotrigine, phenytoin, rufinamide, stiripentol, topiramate, and vigabatrin) were too limited to allow conclusions about their effectiveness. Three medications (lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and topiramate) were rarely discontinued due to adverse effects, and severe events were also rare. In the category of diets, the ketogenic diet lead to seizure freedom in some infants and both the ketogenic diet and modified Atkins diet reduced average seizure frequency.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00002.
Citation: Treadwell JR, Kessler SK, Wu M .
Pharmacologic and dietary treatments for epilepsies in children aged 1-36 months: a systematic review.
Neurology 2023 Jan 3;100(1):e16-e27. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201026..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Newborns/Infants, Medication, Nutrition, Treatments, Evidence-Based Practice
Egan KA, Lo BK, Haneuse S
Associations of maternal consumption of sugary beverages in pregnancy with infant weight status.
Researchers studied mother-infant dyads from a prospective cohort study in order to examine links between maternal consumption of 100% juice and sugar-sweetened beverages in the third trimester of pregnancy with infant weight status at 6 and 12 months. 100% juice consumption was found to be associated with higher infant weight-for-length at 6 months and higher odds of rapid infant weight gain from birth to 6 months and birth to 12 months. 100% juice consumption was not associated with weight-for-length at 12 months and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was not associated with any of the outcome measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation: Egan KA, Lo BK, Haneuse S .
Associations of maternal consumption of sugary beverages in pregnancy with infant weight status.
Acad Pediatr 2023 Jan-Feb; 23(1):109-16. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.05.007..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Nutrition, Newborns/Infants, Maternal Care, Women
Sneed NM, Ukwuani S, Sommer EC
Reliability and validity of assigning ultraprocessed food categories to 24-h dietary recall data.
The objective of this study was to test the reliability and validity of training coders and assigning Nova categories to individual foods collected via 24-hour dietary recalls. The Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software was used to collect 2-3 dietary recalls at baseline and annually for 3 years. Over 3000 unique foods were categorized. This method of Nova classifying NDSR-based 24-hour dietary recalls was found to be reliable and valid for identifying individual intake of processed foods.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Sneed NM, Ukwuani S, Sommer EC .
Reliability and validity of assigning ultraprocessed food categories to 24-h dietary recall data.
Am J Clin Nutr 2023 Jan; 117(1):182-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.016..
Keywords: Nutrition
Sonik RA, Coleman-Jensen A, Parish SL
Household food insufficiency, health status and emergency healthcare utilisation among children with and without special healthcare needs.
The purpose of this study was to compare exposure to household food insufficiency and the relationship between household food insufficiency and both health status and emergency healthcare utilization among children with and without special healthcare needs (SHCN). The investigators concluded that compared with other children, children with SHCN have an elevated risk of exposure to household food insufficiency and experiencing greater reductions in health status when exposed.
AHRQ-funded; HS026317.
Citation: Sonik RA, Coleman-Jensen A, Parish SL .
Household food insufficiency, health status and emergency healthcare utilisation among children with and without special healthcare needs.
Public Health Nutr 2020 Dec;23(17):3204-10. doi: 10.1017/s1368980020000361..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Nutrition, Health Status, Emergency Department, Public Health
Brewster AL, Fraze TK, Gottlieb LM
The role of value-based payment in promoting innovation to address social risks: a cross-sectional study of social risk screening by US physicians.
The authors studied the conditions under which value-based payment will encourage health care providers to innovate to address upstream social risks. Their results indicated that implementation of social risk screening was not associated with overall exposure to value-based payment for physician practices. They recommended expanding social risk screening in order to reduce the level of innovative capacity required.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Brewster AL, Fraze TK, Gottlieb LM .
The role of value-based payment in promoting innovation to address social risks: a cross-sectional study of social risk screening by US physicians.
Milbank Q 2020 Dec;98(4):1114-33. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.12480..
Keywords: Payment, Social Determinants of Health, Practice Patterns, Vulnerable Populations, Screening, Risk, Nutrition
O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Rushkin MC
Behavioral counseling to pomote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Researchers reviewed the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and physical activity in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. They found that medium- and high-contact multisession behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and increase physical activity for people with elevated blood pressure and lipid levels were effective in reducing cardiovascular events, blood pressure, low-density lipoproteins, and adiposity-related outcomes, with little to no risk of serious harm.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I.
Citation: O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Rushkin MC .
Behavioral counseling to pomote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2020 Nov 24;324(20):2076-94. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17108..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Cardiovascular Conditions, Nutrition, Lifestyle Changes, Risk, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Alruwaily A, Mangold C, Greene T
Child social media influencers and unhealthy food product placement.
The goal of this study was to determine the frequency with which kid influencers promote branded and unbranded food and drinks during their YouTube videos and assess the nutritional quality of food and drinks shown. The researchers found that most food and/or drinks were unhealthy branded items, followed by unhealthy unbranded items, healthy unbranded items, and healthy branded items. They concluded that kid influencers generate millions of impressions for unhealthy food and drink brands through product placement and recommended that the Federal Trade Commission strengthen regulations regarding product placement on YouTube videos featuring young children.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation: Alruwaily A, Mangold C, Greene T .
Child social media influencers and unhealthy food product placement.
Pediatrics 2020 Nov;146(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-4057..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Social Media, Nutrition
Payán DD, Derose KP, Flórez KR
The food environment in 3 neighborhoods in South Los Angeles, California: access, availability, quality, and marketing practices.
The authors developed a mapping component as part of a multilevel church-based intervention that used community-based participatory research to prevent obesity in African American and Latino churches in South Los Angeles. They developed neighborhood maps of local food environments and provided churches with standardized information on food access, availability, quality, and marketing practices. Including several tables as well as discussion, they stated that local food environment maps that are paired with data can inform community-based strategies to prevent obesity and food insecurity.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Payán DD, Derose KP, Flórez KR .
The food environment in 3 neighborhoods in South Los Angeles, California: access, availability, quality, and marketing practices.
Prev Chronic Dis 2020 Jul 16;17:E61. doi: 10.5888/pcd17.200028.
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Keywords: Obesity, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Prevention, Prevention, Community Partnerships, Community-Based Practice, Nutrition
Shah SC, Dai Zhu, X
Associations between calcium and magnesium intake and the risk of incident gastric cancer: a prospective cohort analysis of the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study.
Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Identifying dietary and other modifiable disease determinants has important implications for risk attenuation in susceptible individuals. The primary aim of the investigators was to estimate the association between dietary and supplemental intakes of calcium and magnesium and the risk of incident gastric cancer. They conducted a prospective cohort analysis of the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Shah SC, Dai Zhu, X .
Associations between calcium and magnesium intake and the risk of incident gastric cancer: a prospective cohort analysis of the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study.
Int J Cancer 2020 Jun 1;146(11):2999-3010. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32659..
Keywords: Cancer, Digestive Disease and Health, Risk, Prevention, Nutrition, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Kranz AM, Mahmud A, Agniel D
Provision of social services and health care quality in US community health centers, 2017.
The authors describe the types of social services provided at community health centers (CHCs), characteristics of CHCs providing these services, and the association between on-site provision and health care quality. Their findings indicate that CHCs most often offered on-site assistance for needs related to food or nutriion, interpersonal violence, and housing. Participation in projects with community-based organizations was associated with providing services on-site. On-site provision was associated with better performance on measures of health care quality. They conclude that some CHCs provide social services on-site, and this was associated with better performance on measures of health care quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS024067.
Citation: Kranz AM, Mahmud A, Agniel D .
Provision of social services and health care quality in US community health centers, 2017.
Am J Public Health 2020 Apr;110(4):567-73. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305519..
Keywords: Community Partnerships, Quality of Care, Domestic Violence, Nutrition
Rummo PE, Cassidy O, Wells I
Examining the relationship between youth-targeted food marketing expenditures and the demographics of social media followers.
The purpose of this study was to determine how many adolescents follow food/beverage brands on Instagram and Twitter, and examine associations between brands' youth-targeted marketing practices and percentages of adolescent followers. The investigators purchased data from Demographics Pro to characterize the demographics of Twitter and Instagram users who followed 27 of the most highly advertised fast food, snack, and drink brands in 2019. They found that food and sugary drink brands maintain millions of adolescent followers on social media.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation: Rummo PE, Cassidy O, Wells I .
Examining the relationship between youth-targeted food marketing expenditures and the demographics of social media followers.
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Mar 3;17(5). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051631.
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Keywords: Social Media, Children/Adolescents, Nutrition
Shaw J, Tate V, Hanson J
What diet should I recommend my patient with hepatic encephalopathy?
The burden of malnutrition is high in patients with cirrhosis, especially in those with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This has a bearing on increased morbidity and mortality. Heightened attention needs to be paid to screen the patients at high nutritional risk both in the outpatient and hospitalized settings. This review summarized the current evidence for nutritional support in HE patients and compared the recommendations about nutritional requirement as laid out by various organizations.
AHRQ-funded; HS025412.
Citation: Shaw J, Tate V, Hanson J .
What diet should I recommend my patient with hepatic encephalopathy?
Curr Hepatol Rep 2020 Mar;19(1):13-22. doi: 10.1007/s11901-020-00510-4..
Keywords: Nutrition, Guidelines, Evidence-Based Practice, Care Management
Tignanelli CJ, Sheetz KH, Petersen A
Utilization of intensive care unit nutrition consultation is associated with reduced mortality.
The aim of this project was to investigate the prevalence of nutrition consultation (NC) in U.S. intensive care units (ICUs) and to examine its association with patient outcomes. Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's state inpatient databases was utilized from 2010 - 2014. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between NC and clinical outcomes. The investigators concluded that rates of NC were low in critically ill patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Tignanelli CJ, Sheetz KH, Petersen A .
Utilization of intensive care unit nutrition consultation is associated with reduced mortality.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020 Feb;44(2):213-19. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1534..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nutrition, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Critical Care, Mortality