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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 124 Research Studies DisplayedFitzpatrick MC, Shah HA, Pandey A
One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India.
The authors developed a data-driven rabies transmission model fit to human rabies autopsy data and human rabies surveillance data from Tamil Nadu, India. They found that highly feasible strategies focused on stray dogs, vaccinating as few as 7% of dogs annually, could very cost-effectively reduce human rabies deaths by 70% within 5 years, and a modest expansion to vaccinating 13% of stray dogs could cost-effectively reduce human rabies by almost 90%. Futher, if owners are willing to bring dogs to central point campaigns at double the rate that campaign teams can capture strays, expanded annual targets become cost-effective.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Fitzpatrick MC, Shah HA, Pandey A .
One Health approach to cost-effective rabies control in India.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016 Dec 20;113(51):14574-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1604975113.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Vaccination
Feltner C, Grodensky C, Ebel C
Serologic screening for genital herpes: an updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This report assessed the evidence on serologic screening and preventive interventions for Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in asymptomatic adults and adolescents to support the US Preventive Services Task Force for an updated recommendation statement. It found that serologic screening for genital herpes is associated with a high rate of false-positive test results and potential psychosocial harms.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200015I.
Citation: Feltner C, Grodensky C, Ebel C .
Serologic screening for genital herpes: an updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2016 Dec 20;316(23):2531-43. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.17138.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Sexual Health, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Wilcox HC, Kharrazi H, Wilson RF
Data linkage strategies to advance youth suicide prevention: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
This review sought to identify and describe data systems that can be linked to data from prevention studies to advance youth suicide prevention research. It concluded that there is untapped potential to evaluate and enhance suicide prevention efforts by linking suicide prevention data with existing data systems. However, sparse availability of data dictionaries and lack of adherence to standard data elements limit this potential.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200007I.
Citation: Wilcox HC, Kharrazi H, Wilson RF .
Data linkage strategies to advance youth suicide prevention: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Dec 6;165(11):779-85. doi: 10.7326/m16-1281.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Children/Adolescents, Data, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Nikolopoulos GK, Pavlitina E, Muth SQ
A network intervention that locates and intervenes with recently HIV-infected persons: the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP).
The Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) evaluated a network intervention to detect individuals infected with HIV within the past 6 months. Results indicated that strategic network tracing that starts with recently infected persons could support public health efforts to find and treat people early in their HIV infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS000084.
Citation: Nikolopoulos GK, Pavlitina E, Muth SQ .
A network intervention that locates and intervenes with recently HIV-infected persons: the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP).
Sci Rep 2016 Dec 5;6:38100. doi: 10.1038/srep38100.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Public Health
Fontil V, McDermott K, Tieu L
Adaptation and feasibility study of a digital health program to prevent diabetes among low-income patients: results from a partnership between a digital health company and an academic research team.
Researchers collaborated with a digital health company to adapt a diabetes prevention program for low-income prediabetes patients at a large safety net clinic. They concluded that underserved prediabetic patients displayed high engagement and satisfaction with a digital diabetes prevention program despite lower digital literacy skills. The collaboration between researchers and a digital health company enabled iterative improvements in technology implementation to address challenges in low-income populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS022408.
Citation: Fontil V, McDermott K, Tieu L .
Adaptation and feasibility study of a digital health program to prevent diabetes among low-income patients: results from a partnership between a digital health company and an academic research team.
J Diabetes Res 2016;2016:8472391. doi: 10.1155/2016/8472391.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Health Information Technology (HIT), Low-Income, Prevention, Health Promotion
Sohn MW, Kang H, Park JS
Disparities in recommended preventive care usage among persons living with diabetes in the Appalachian region.
This study examined disparities in the receipt of preventive care recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) between Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties and within Appalachian counties. It concluded that there are significant disparities in the uptake of many recommended preventive services between less and more affluent counties in the Appalachian region.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Sohn MW, Kang H, Park JS .
Disparities in recommended preventive care usage among persons living with diabetes in the Appalachian region.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016 Dec;4(1):e000284. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000284.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Disparities, Prevention, Chronic Conditions, Social Determinants of Health
Cohen B, Murray M, Jia H
Is hand hygiene frequency associated with the onset of outbreaks in pediatric long-term care?
The authors studied the possibility of a correlation between hand hygiene and viral outbreak reduction in pediatric long-term care facilities. Contrary to findings in adult long-term care facilities, they found no association between hand hygiene frequency and subsequent outbreak onset in pediatric long-term care facilities.
AHRQ-funded; HS021470.
Citation: Cohen B, Murray M, Jia H .
Is hand hygiene frequency associated with the onset of outbreaks in pediatric long-term care?
Am J Infect Control 2016 Dec;44(12):1492-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.06.022.
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Keywords: Prevention, Children/Adolescents, Long-Term Care, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Children/Adolescents
Hopkins AL, Moore-Monroy M, Wilkinson-Lee AM
It's complicated: negotiating between traditional research and community-based participatory research in a translational study.
The authors focused on the challenges, solutions, and lessons learned in applying the Interactive Systems Framework (ISF) to their translational research project. They identified challenges in the areas of research design, and in the ISF systems of prevention synthesis and translation, prevention support, and prevention delivery. They negotiated solutions between the scientific and local community that resulted in acceptable compromises for both groups. They concluded that although the model presented by the ISF is difficult to achieve, they offered concrete solutions to community members and scientists to move toward that ideal.
AHRQ-funded; HS022016.
Citation: Hopkins AL, Moore-Monroy M, Wilkinson-Lee AM .
It's complicated: negotiating between traditional research and community-based participatory research in a translational study.
Prog Community Health Partnersh 2016;10(3):425-33. doi: 10.1353/cpr.2016.0049.
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Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Depression, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Implementation
Metz TD, Rovner P, Hoffman MC
Maternal deaths from suicide and overdose in Colorado, 2004-2012.
This study ascertained demographic and clinical characteristics of maternal deaths from self-harm (accidental overdose or suicide) and to identify opportunities for prevention. It found that in seventeen percent (n=10) of maternal deaths there had been a known substance use disorder. Prior psychiatric diagnoses were documented in 54 percent (n=32) and prior suicide attempts in 10 percent (n=6).
AHRQ-funded; HS022143.
Citation: Metz TD, Rovner P, Hoffman MC .
Maternal deaths from suicide and overdose in Colorado, 2004-2012.
Obstet Gynecol 2016 Dec;128(6):1233-40. doi: 10.1097/aog.0000000000001695.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Pregnancy, Prevention, Maternal Care, Mortality
Ducoffe AR, York A, Hu DJ
AHRQ Author: Perfetto D
National action plan for adverse drug event prevention: recommendations for safer outpatient opioid use.
This article focuses on recommendations from the Adverse Drug Events (ADE) Action Plan to help guide safer opioid use in healthcare delivery settings. Its aim is to discuss current federal methods in place to prevent opioid ADEs while also providing evidence to encourage providers and hospitals to innovate new systems and practices to increase prevention.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Ducoffe AR, York A, Hu DJ .
National action plan for adverse drug event prevention: recommendations for safer outpatient opioid use.
Pain Med 2016 Dec;17(12):2291-304. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnw106.
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Keywords: Prevention, Opioids, Patient Safety, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Battles JB, Reback KA, Azam I
AHRQ Author: Battles JB, Reback KA, Azam I
Paving the way for progress: the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety and Medical Liability Demonstration Initiative.
AHRQ launched the Patient Safety and Medical Liability (PSML) initiative in 2009. The papers in this issue cover a breadth of topics related to the PSML initiative. Members of the individual Demonstration project teams have authored the majority of the papers. Seven of these papers report outcomes associated with the individual Demonstrations and another four describe tools generated as a part of the interventions.
AHRQ-funded; 233201500029P.
Citation: Battles JB, Reback KA, Azam I .
Paving the way for progress: the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Safety and Medical Liability Demonstration Initiative.
Health Serv Res 2016 Dec;51 Suppl 3:2401-13. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12632.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Medical Errors, Medical Liability, Patient Safety, Prevention
Peterson LR, Boehm S, Beaumont JL
Reduction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in long-term care is possible while maintaining patient socialization: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
The researchers sought to demonstrate that a novel, minimally invasive program not interfering with activities of daily living or socialization could lower methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) disease in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). They found that the MRSA infection rate decreased 65% between baseline and year 2, with a significant reduction observed at each of the three participating LTCFs. They concluded that on-site MRSA surveillance with targeted decolonization resulted in a significant decrease in clinical MRSA infection among LTCF residents.
AHRQ-funded; HS019968.
Citation: Peterson LR, Boehm S, Beaumont JL .
Reduction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in long-term care is possible while maintaining patient socialization: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
Am J Infect Control 2016 Dec;44(12):1622-27. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.04.251.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Patient Safety, Prevention
Gaines TL, Caldwell JT, Ford CL
Relationship between a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expanded HIV testing initiative and past-year testing by race/ethnicity: a multilevel analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) expanded testing initiative (ETI) aims to bolster HIV testing among populations disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic by providing additional funding to health departments serving these communities. Controlling for individual- and state-level characteristics, ETI participation was independently and positively associated with past-year testing, but this association varied by race/ethnicity.
AHRQ-funded; HS022811.
Citation: Gaines TL, Caldwell JT, Ford CL .
Relationship between a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expanded HIV testing initiative and past-year testing by race/ethnicity: a multilevel analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
AIDS Care 2016;28(5):554-60. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1131968.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Screening, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Musuuza JS, Hundt AS, Zimbric M
Standardizing direct observation for assessing compliance to a daily chlorhexidine bathing protocol among hospitalized patients.
This paper describes the authors' experience training observers to conduct chlorhexidine gluconate bathing observations, and they present findings from pilot observations.
AHRQ-funded; HS024039.
Citation: Musuuza JS, Hundt AS, Zimbric M .
Standardizing direct observation for assessing compliance to a daily chlorhexidine bathing protocol among hospitalized patients.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Dec;37(12):1516-18. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.214.
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Keywords: Guidelines, Quality of Care, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Prevention
Beckman MG, Abe K, Barnes K
AHRQ Author: Brady PJ
Strategies and partnerships toward prevention of healthcare-associated venous thromboembolism.
This issue of the Journal of Hospital Medicine showcases the initiatives of several of the CDC’s healthcare-associated venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) prevention champions. The CDC and AHRQ are partnering to disseminate and promote these best practices. In addition to this challenge, the CDC, AHRQ and the Joint Commission Center for Transforming Healthcare are working on activities and programs dedicated to improving prevention of HA-VTE. They are summarized in the article.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Beckman MG, Abe K, Barnes K .
Strategies and partnerships toward prevention of healthcare-associated venous thromboembolism.
J Hosp Med 2016 Dec;11 Suppl 2:S5-s7. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2659.
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Keywords: Prevention, Blood Clots, Quality Improvement, Guidelines, Adverse Events
Kirby JB, Davidoff AJ, Basu J
AHRQ Author: Kirby JB, Basu J
The ACA's zero cost-sharing mandate and trends in out-of-pocket expenditures on well-child and screening mammography visits.
This study used a nationally representative sample of ambulatory care visits to estimate the impact of the zero cost-sharing mandate on out-of-pocket expenditures on well-child and screening mammography visits. It concluded that the Affordable Care Act's zero cost-sharing mandate for preventive care has had a large impact on out-of-pocket expenditures for well-child and mammography visits.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Kirby JB, Davidoff AJ, Basu J .
The ACA's zero cost-sharing mandate and trends in out-of-pocket expenditures on well-child and screening mammography visits.
Med Care 2016 Dec;54(12):1056-62. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000610.
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Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Healthcare Costs, Screening, Women, Policy, Prevention
Burnham CA, Hogan PG, Wallace MA
Topical decolonization does not eradicate the skin microbiota of community-dwelling or hospitalized adults.
The authors compared microbial communities and levels of richness and diversity in community-dwelling subjects and in intensive care unit patients before and after the use of topical decolonization protocols. They found a reduction in S. aureus without eradicating endogenous microbiota.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Burnham CA, Hogan PG, Wallace MA .
Topical decolonization does not eradicate the skin microbiota of community-dwelling or hospitalized adults.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016 Dec;60(12):7303-12. doi: 10.1128/aac.01289-16.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Patient Safety
Mimoz O, Chopra V, Widmer A
What's new in skin antisepsis for short-term intravascular catheters: new data to address old problems?
Catheter-related infections remain a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in ICUs and the most preventable HAI. The authors discussed skin antiseptic solutions and included a table of practical recommendations for skin antisepsis before insertion of a short-term vascular catheter.
AHRQ-funded; HS022835.
Citation: Mimoz O, Chopra V, Widmer A .
What's new in skin antisepsis for short-term intravascular catheters: new data to address old problems?
Intensive Care Med 2016 Dec;42(12):2043-45. doi: 10.1007/s00134-016-4490-5.
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Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Patient Safety, Prevention
Bilinski AM, Fitzpatrick MC, Rupprecht CE
Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of rabies canine vaccination campaigns at varying coverage and frequency. The researchers, studying two districts of northwest Tanzania, found that optimal vaccination strategies were every 2 years, at 80% coverage in Ngorongoro and annually at 70% coverage in Serengeti. They further found that coordinated campaigns may provide monetary savings in addition to public health benefits. They concluded that frequency and coverage of canine vaccination campaigns should be evaluated simultaneously and tailored to local canine ecology as well as to the risk of disease reintroduction from surrounding regions.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Bilinski AM, Fitzpatrick MC, Rupprecht CE .
Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Proc Biol Sci 2016 Nov 16;283(1842). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1211.
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Keywords: Patient Safety, Prevention, Vaccination
Chou R, Dana T, Blazina I
Statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this report systematically reviewed benefits and harms of statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in order to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. It concluded that in adults at increased CVD risk but without prior CVD events, statin therapy was associated with reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and CVD events, with greater absolute benefits in patients at greater baseline risk.
AHRQ-funded; 2902012000015I.
Citation: Chou R, Dana T, Blazina I .
Statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2016 Nov 15;316(19):2008-24. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.15629.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Prevention, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Evidence-Based Practice
Ramchand R, Ayer L, Kotzias V
Suicide risk among women veterans in distress: perspectives of responders on the veterans crisis line.
The researchers used a qualitative approach to gain insight about the concerns and nature of comments regarding suicidal ideation and intent among women veterans calling the Veterans Crisis Line (VCL). Interviewing 54 VCL call responders, the authors concluded that efforts to prevent and treat the consequences of military sexual trauma; to recognize, prevent, and treat non-suicidal self-harm; and to restrict access to lethal means most commonly reported among women veteran callers may be helpful to mitigate suicide risk in this vulnerable group of veterans.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Ramchand R, Ayer L, Kotzias V .
Suicide risk among women veterans in distress: perspectives of responders on the veterans crisis line.
Womens Health Issues 2016 Nov - Dec;26(6):667-73. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2016.07.005.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Prevention, Stress, Women
Ruis AR, Shaffer DW, Shirley DK
Teaching health care workers to adopt a systems perspective for improved control and prevention of health care-associated infections.
The authors argue that procedural approaches alone, even with high levels of adherence, are often insufficient to solve the growing problem of health care-associated infections (HAIs); it is equally important that interventions address the more complex cognitive aspects of HAI control and prevention. Health care workers (HCWs) face many patient care situations for which standard procedures have not been and cannot be developed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023791.
Citation: Ruis AR, Shaffer DW, Shirley DK .
Teaching health care workers to adopt a systems perspective for improved control and prevention of health care-associated infections.
Am J Infect Control 2016 Nov;44(11):1360-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.04.211.
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Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Education: Continuing Medical Education, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Provider
Chou R, Dana T, Blazina I
Screening for dyslipidemia in younger adults: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
This study's purpose was to update the 2008 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force review on dyslipidemia screening in younger adults. However, no study met the inclusion criteria. As direct evidence remains unavailable, estimating the potential effects of screening for dyslipidemia in younger adults requires extrapolation from studies performed in older adults.
Citation: Chou R, Dana T, Blazina I .
Screening for dyslipidemia in younger adults: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
Ann Intern Med 2016 Oct 18;165(8):560-64. doi: 10.7326/m16-0946.
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Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Screening, Young Adults, Heart Disease and Health, Prevention
McNellis RJ, Beswick-Escanlar V
AHRQ Author: McNellis RJ
Aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.
This case study involves a a 55-year-old man who presents to your office for a routine refill of his antihypertension medication, his 65-year-old brother who also visits you to ask about taking low-dose aspirin, and his 55-year-old wife, also your patient, who recently experienced abdominal pain,. It poses three multiple choice questions focused on the use of low-dose aspirin, together with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and related background information.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: McNellis RJ, Beswick-Escanlar V .
Aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.
Am Fam Physician 2016 Oct 15;94(8):661-62.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medication, Prevention, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Case Study
Heerman WJ, Perrin EM, Sanders LM
Racial and ethnic differences in injury prevention behaviors among caregivers of infants.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between caregiver race/ethnicity and adherence to injury prevention recommendations. It concluded that a high prevalence of non-adherence to recommended injury prevention behaviors is common across racial/ethnic categories for caregivers of infants among a diverse sample of families from low-SES backgrounds.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Heerman WJ, Perrin EM, Sanders LM .
Racial and ethnic differences in injury prevention behaviors among caregivers of infants.
Am J Prev Med 2016 Oct;51(4):411-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.04.020.
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Keywords: Caregiving, Family Health and History, Injuries and Wounds, Prevention, Racial and Ethnic Minorities