National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
76 to 98 of 98 Research Studies DisplayedSterling MR, Lin FR, Jannat-Khah DP
Hearing loss among older adults with heart failure in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
The researchers examined the prevalence and correlates of hearing loss among older adults with and without heart failure (HF) in the United States. Overall, 75 percent of adults 70 years or older with HF have hearing loss. Although hearing loss was more common among adults with HF compared with those without it, HF was not independently associated with hearing loss after accounting for demographic and clinical characteristics.
AHRQ-funded; HS000066.
Citation: Sterling MR, Lin FR, Jannat-Khah DP .
Hearing loss among older adults with heart failure in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Mar;144(3):273-75. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.2979.
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Keywords: Elderly, Health Status, Heart Disease and Health, Risk
Goto T, Tsugawa Y, Faridi MK
Reduced risk of acute exacerbation of COPD after bariatric surgery: a self-controlled case series study.
Little is known about the impact of weight reduction on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related outcomes in patients who are obese. This study found that the risk of an ED visit or hospitalization for acute exacerbation of COPD substantially decreased after bariatric surgery in patients who are obese. This observation suggests the effectiveness of substantial weight reduction on COPD morbidity.
AHRQ-funded; HS023305.
Citation: Goto T, Tsugawa Y, Faridi MK .
Reduced risk of acute exacerbation of COPD after bariatric surgery: a self-controlled case series study.
Chest 2018 Mar;153(3):611-17. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.003.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Obesity, Risk, Surgery
Spatz ES, Wang Y, Beckman AL
Traditional Chinese medicine for acute myocardial infarction in western medicine hospitals in China.
This study examined the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. The data came from the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Retrospective Study of Acute Myocardial Infarction. A chart review was done of randomly sampled patients in 2001, 2006 and 2011 in 162 Western medicine hospitals across China. Nearly all (99%) hospitals used some form of TCM, with Salvia miltiorrhiza being the most commonly prescribed. This TCM treatment (and others) was used intravenously and use has increased over the span of the study, despite lack of evidence of benefit or harm.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Spatz ES, Wang Y, Beckman AL .
Traditional Chinese medicine for acute myocardial infarction in western medicine hospitals in China.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018 Mar;11(3):e004190. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.117.004190..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Heart Disease and Health, Hospitals, Mortality, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient Safety, Practice Patterns, Risk
Berry JG, Gay JC, Joynt Maddox K
Age trends in 30 day hospital readmissions: US national retrospective analysis.
This study assessed trends in and risk factors for readmission to hospital across the age continuum. It concluded that the likelihood of readmission was elevated for children transitioning to adulthood, children and younger adults with mental health disorders, and patients of all ages with multiple chronic conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS023092.
Citation: Berry JG, Gay JC, Joynt Maddox K .
Age trends in 30 day hospital readmissions: US national retrospective analysis.
BMJ 2018 Feb 27;360:k497. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k497.
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Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospital Readmissions, Risk
Haymart MR
Is BRAF V600E mutation the explanation for age-associated mortality risk in patients with papillary thyroid cancer?
In this editorial, the author discusses an article appearing within the same issue. She states that the general hypothesis that age-related differences in mortality could be linked to underlying pathogenesis and specifically to oncogenic alterations is probable. She recommends confirmatory studies and concludes that this area of investigation offers potential opportunities to tailor prognostication further through a better understanding of pathogenesis.
AHRQ-funded; HS024512.
Citation: Haymart MR .
Is BRAF V600E mutation the explanation for age-associated mortality risk in patients with papillary thyroid cancer?
J Clin Oncol 2018 Feb 10;36(5):433-34. doi: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.2583..
Keywords: Cancer, Genetics, Mortality, Risk
Punglia RS, Jiang W, Lipsitz SR
Clinical risk score to predict likelihood of recurrence after ductal carcinoma in situ treated with breast-conserving surgery.
In this article, the investigators developed a score to provide individualized information about ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence risk to guide treatment decisions. The authors indicate that their simple, no-cost risk score may be used by patients and physicians to facilitate preference-based decision-making about ductal carcinoma in situ management informed by a more accurate understanding of risks.
AHRQ-funded; 29020050016I.
Citation: Punglia RS, Jiang W, Lipsitz SR .
Clinical risk score to predict likelihood of recurrence after ductal carcinoma in situ treated with breast-conserving surgery.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018 Feb;167(3):751-59. doi: 10.1007/s10549-017-4553-5..
Keywords: Cancer: Breast Cancer, Risk, Surgery, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Sun CJ, Sutfin E, Bachmann LH
Comparing men who have sex with men and transgender women who use Grindr, other similar social and sexual networking apps, or no social and sexual networking apps: implications for recruitment and health promotion.
This paper seeks to identify differences in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women who use the Grindr app and those who use other similar apps. It found significant differences in the sociodemographic characteristics by app use, including age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and outness. After adjusting for the sociodemographic characteristics associated with app use, there were significant differences in HIV risk and substance use between the groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Sun CJ, Sutfin E, Bachmann LH .
Comparing men who have sex with men and transgender women who use Grindr, other similar social and sexual networking apps, or no social and sexual networking apps: implications for recruitment and health promotion.
J AIDS Clin Res 2018;9(2). doi: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000757.
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Keywords: Health Promotion, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Risk, Social Determinants of Health, Vulnerable Populations
Jafri K, Ogdie A, Qasim A
Discordance of the Framingham cardiovascular risk score and the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association risk score in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis..
The authors of this study compared Framingham and 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk scores in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis and assessed demographic, cardiovascular, and rheumatologic characteristics associated with discordant scores (high-risk ACC/AHA scores but low-risk Framingham scores).
AHRQ-funded; HS024412.
Citation: Jafri K, Ogdie A, Qasim A .
Discordance of the Framingham cardiovascular risk score and the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association risk score in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis..
Clin Rheumatol 2018 Feb;37(2):467-74. doi: 10.1007/s10067-017-3860-x..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Arthritis, Risk
Smith I, Schmidt R, Halm EA
Do statins increase the risk of esophageal conditions? Findings from four propensity score-matched analyses.
The aim of this study was to examine the association of statins with esophageal conditions. The study concluded that statin therapy was associated with higher odds of being diagnosed with esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease/dyspepsia. Further study is warranted to elucidate the potential role of statins in these commonly diagnosed esophageal conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Smith I, Schmidt R, Halm EA .
Do statins increase the risk of esophageal conditions? Findings from four propensity score-matched analyses.
Clin Drug Investig 2018 Feb;38(2):135-46. doi: 10.1007/s40261-017-0589-x..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Heart Disease and Health, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk
Sun CJ, Seloilwe ES, Magowe M
Gender differences in sexual and reproductive health protective and risk factors of Batswana adolescents: implications for parent and adolescent interventions.
The HIV epidemic continues in sub-Saharan Africa and Botswana and adolescents there have borne the brunt. This analysis assessed gender differences in sexual and reproductive health protective and risk factors in 228 Batswana adolescents. Although three-quarters of adolescents prefer to have their parents teach them about sex, it is the fourth most common source of information.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Sun CJ, Seloilwe ES, Magowe M .
Gender differences in sexual and reproductive health protective and risk factors of Batswana adolescents: implications for parent and adolescent interventions.
AIDS Educ Prev 2018 Feb;30(1):35-46. doi: 10.1521/aeap.2018.30.1.35..
Keywords: Caregiving, Children/Adolescents, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Risk, Sex Factors, Sexual Health
Cardet JC, Louisias M, King TS
Income is an independent risk factor for worse asthma outcomes.
The authors investigated whether low income, low education, and high perceived stress were independent risk factors for treatment failure and asthma exacerbations in the context of a randomized controlled trial. They found that participants with lower income were more likely to experience adverse asthma outcomes independent of education, perceived stress, race, and medication adherence.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Cardet JC, Louisias M, King TS .
Income is an independent risk factor for worse asthma outcomes.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018 Feb;141(2):754-60.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.036..
Keywords: Asthma, Chronic Conditions, Low-Income, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Valero-Elizondo J, Hong JC, Spatz ES
Persistent socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular risk factors and health in the United States: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2002-2013.
This study aimed to describe the trends in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) among US adults by SES from 2002 to 2013. It found that the proportion of individuals with obesity, diabetes and hypertension increased overall, with low-income groups representing a higher prevalence for each CRF. Of note, physical inactivity had the highest prevalence increase, with the "lowest-income" group observing a relative percent increase of 71.1 percent.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Valero-Elizondo J, Hong JC, Spatz ES .
Persistent socioeconomic disparities in cardiovascular risk factors and health in the United States: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2002-2013.
Atherosclerosis 2018 Feb;269:301-05. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.014.
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Keywords: Disparities, Cardiovascular Conditions, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Hui KY, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Hu J
Functional variants in the LRRK2 gene confer shared effects on risk for Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Researchers studied the risk for Crohn’s disease (CD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in a population of Ashkenazi Jews who have the LRRK2 gene. This gene provides a risk for both conditions, However, some alleles (like N2081D variant) conferred more risk for CD or protection from CD (N551K variant). These shared alleles may provide insight into disease mechanisms and treatments.
AHRQ-funded; HS021747.
Citation: Hui KY, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Hu J .
Functional variants in the LRRK2 gene confer shared effects on risk for Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Sci Transl Med 2018 Jan 10;10(423). doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai7795..
Keywords: Genetics, Neurological Disorders, Risk
Leonard CE, Han X, Brensinger CM
Comparative risk of serious hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetic monotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare risks of serious hypoglycemia among antidiabetic monotherapy-treated adults receiving metformin, a sulfonylurea, a meglitinide, or a thiazolidinedione. The investigators found that sulfonylureas were associated with the highest rates of serious hypoglycemia. Among all study drugs, the highest rate was seen with glyburide. Pioglitazone was associated with a lower adjusted hazard for serious hypoglycemia vs metformin, while rosiglitazone and nateglinide had hazards similar to that of metformin.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Leonard CE, Han X, Brensinger CM .
Comparative risk of serious hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetic monotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018 Jan;27(1):9-18. doi: 10.1002/pds.4337..
Keywords: Risk, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Diabetes, Medication
Santos P, Hefele JG, Ritter G
Population-based risk factors for shoulder dystocia.
This retrospective observational study examined population-based risk factors for infant shoulder dystocia during labor. Five hospitals in 5 states were used and over 19,000 births evaluated between April 2011 and July 2013. An increased risk for dystocia was found for women who were prescribed insulin, indicating gestational diabetes. However this was not true of women with gestational diabetes who were not prescribed insulin. Other risk factors included being Black, Hispanic, covered by Medicaid or no insurance, infant gestational age of 41 weeks or greater, and chronic diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019608.
Citation: Santos P, Hefele JG, Ritter G .
Population-based risk factors for shoulder dystocia.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2018 Jan;47(1):32-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.11.011..
Keywords: Labor and Delivery, Newborns/Infants, Risk, Pregnancy, Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events
Cramer JD, Dilger AE, Schneider A
Risk of venous thromboembolism among otolaryngology patients vs general surgery and plastic surgery patients.
Researchers examined the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) for various otolaryngology procedures compared with an established average-risk field and low-risk field. They identified a high-risk group for VTE in otolaryngology; however, they found that most patients undergoing otolaryngology procedures are at low risk of VTE, indicating that guidelines for a low-risk population could be adapted to otolaryngology. The authors concluded that patients undergoing high-risk otolaryngology procedures should be considered as candidates for more aggressive VTE prophylaxis.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Cramer JD, Dilger AE, Schneider A .
Risk of venous thromboembolism among otolaryngology patients vs general surgery and plastic surgery patients.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Jan;144(1):9-17. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.1768..
Keywords: Surgery, Blood Clots, Risk, Adverse Events, Patient Safety
Smith LN, Makam AN, Darden D
Acute myocardial infarction readmission risk prediction models: a systematic review of model performance.
The performance of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-specific readmission risk prediction models is unknown. This review concluded that current AMI-specific readmission risk prediction models have modest predictive ability and uncertain generalizability given methodological limitations. No existing models provide actionable information in real time to enable early identification and risk-stratification of patients with AMI before hospital discharge.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Smith LN, Makam AN, Darden D .
Acute myocardial infarction readmission risk prediction models: a systematic review of model performance.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018 Jan;11(1):e003885. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.117.003885.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Hospital Readmissions, Risk
Naber SK, Kuntz KM, Henrikson NB
AHRQ Author: Ganiats TG
Cost effectiveness of age-specific screening intervals for people with family histories of colorectal cancer.
Despite relative risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) decreasing with age among individuals with a family history of CRC, no screening recommendations specify less frequent screening. Researchers found that for individuals with a family history of CRC, it is cost effective to gradually increase the screening interval if several subsequent screening colonoscopies have negative results and no new cases of CRC are found in family members.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Naber SK, Kuntz KM, Henrikson NB .
Cost effectiveness of age-specific screening intervals for people with family histories of colorectal cancer.
Gastroenterology 2018 Jan;154(1):105-16.e20. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.021.
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Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Healthcare Costs, Family Health and History, Risk, Screening
Barbour WL, Rodgers JB, Wang HE
Human immunodeficiency virus risk factors and beliefs reported by families presenting to a pediatric emergency department.
This study compared HIV risk behaviors reported by adolescents to parents' perception of adolescent risky behavior engagement and examined participants' knowledge of HIV transmission and testing preferences. The study concluded that: Parents are mostly unaware of adolescents' broad risk behaviors; Participants' knowledge of HIV transmission is limited; Adolescents and parents shared strong agreement regarding HIV testing preferences.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Barbour WL, Rodgers JB, Wang HE .
Human immunodeficiency virus risk factors and beliefs reported by families presenting to a pediatric emergency department.
Pediatr Emerg Care 2018 Jan;34(1):1-5. doi: 10.1097/pec.0000000000000536..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Emergency Department, Family Health and History, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Risk
Cary MP, Hall RK, Anderson AL
Management team perceptions of risks and strategies for preventing falls among short-stay patients in nursing homes.
This study sought to understand and describe strategies reported by members of the nursing home management team used to prevent falls in short-stay nursing home patients. The authors propose interventions that might reduce falls for short-stay patients and could be tested in future research.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Cary MP, Hall RK, Anderson AL .
Management team perceptions of risks and strategies for preventing falls among short-stay patients in nursing homes.
Health Care Manag 2018 Jan/Mar;37(1):76-85. doi: 10.1097/hcm.0000000000000192..
Keywords: Falls, Nursing Homes, Prevention, Provider, Risk
Akwo EA, Kabagambe EK, Harrell FE, Jr.
Neighborhood deprivation predicts heart failure risk in a low-income population of blacks and whites in the southeastern United States.
The researchers investigated whether neighborhood deprivation predicts risk of incident heart failure (HF) beyond individual socioeconomic status in a low-income population. They concluded that, in a low-income population from the Southern Community Cohort Study, scant neighborhood resources compounded the risk of HF above and beyond individual socioeconomic status and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Akwo EA, Kabagambe EK, Harrell FE, Jr. .
Neighborhood deprivation predicts heart failure risk in a low-income population of blacks and whites in the southeastern United States.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018 Jan;11(1):e004052. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.117.004052.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Risk, Social Determinants of Health
Sanders BD, Davis MG, Holley SL
Pregnancy-associated stroke.
This article reviews assessment and treatment of pregnant and postpartum women experiencing stroke. There are 2 main types of stroke, ischemic and hemorrhagic that present similar symptoms but have very different pathophysiology and treatment. This article provides guidance for subsequent maternity and primary care for front-line perinatal care providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS024733.
Citation: Sanders BD, Davis MG, Holley SL .
Pregnancy-associated stroke.
J Midwifery Womens Health 2018 Jan;63(1):23-32. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12720..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Maternal Care, Pregnancy, Primary Care, Risk, Stroke, Women
Arthur KC, Lucenko BA, Sharkova IV
Using state administrative data to identify social complexity risk factors for children.
Researchers aimed to test the feasibility of using an integrated state agency administrative database to identify social complexity risk factors and examine their relationship to emergency department (ED) use. They concluded that State administrative data can be used to identify social complexity risk factors associated with higher rates of ED use among Medicaid-insured children.
AHRQ-funded; HS020506.
Citation: Arthur KC, Lucenko BA, Sharkova IV .
Using state administrative data to identify social complexity risk factors for children.
Ann Fam Med 2018 Jan;16(1):62-69. doi: 10.1370/afm.2134.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Data, Emergency Department, Healthcare Utilization, Risk