National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
351 to 371 of 371 Research Studies DisplayedBell ML, Son JY, Peng RD
Ambient PM2.5 and risk of hospital admissions: do risks differ for men and women?
The researchers conducted a multi-site time-series analysis of short-term fine particulate matter (PM) exposure and cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions among older persons to examine whether effects differ by sex. They found that women may be more susceptible to PM2.5-related hospitalizations for some respiratory and cardiovascular causes.
AHRQ-funded; HS021991.
Citation: Bell ML, Son JY, Peng RD .
Ambient PM2.5 and risk of hospital admissions: do risks differ for men and women?
Epidemiology 2015 Jul;26(4):575-9. doi: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000310..
Keywords: Elderly, Hospitalization, Respiratory Conditions, Cardiovascular Conditions
Linares-Perdomo O, East TD, Brower R
Standardizing predicted body weight equations for mechanical ventilation tidal volume settings.
Predicted body weight (PBW) equations use height, age, and sex as input variables. The researchers compared National Institutes of Health (NIH) ARDS Network (ARDSNet), actuarial table (ACTUARIAL), and Stewart (STEWART) PBW equations used in clinical trials, across physiologic ranges for age and height. They concluded that significant differences between PBW equations for both men and women could be important sources of interstudy variation. Studies should adopt a standard PBW equation.
AHRQ-funded; HS006594.
Citation: Linares-Perdomo O, East TD, Brower R .
Standardizing predicted body weight equations for mechanical ventilation tidal volume settings.
Chest 2015 Jul;148(1):73-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-2843..
Keywords: Research Methodologies, Respiratory Conditions, Quality of Care
Kelly MS, Smieja M, Luinstra K
Association of respiratory viruses with outcomes of severe childhood pneumonia in Botswana.
The authors examined whether detection of respiratory viruses predicts acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. They found that respiratory viruses were detected from most children hospitalized with ALRI in Botswana, but only respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus were more frequent than among children without ALRI. Further, detection of RSV from children with ALRI predicted a protracted illness course but lower mortality compared with non-RSV viruses.
AHRQ-funded; HS020939.
Citation: Kelly MS, Smieja M, Luinstra K .
Association of respiratory viruses with outcomes of severe childhood pneumonia in Botswana.
PLoS One 2015 May 14;10(5):e0126593. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126593.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions
Uronis HE, Ekstrom MP, Currow DC
Oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who would not qualify for home oxygen: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether oxygen therapy provides symptomatic relief in COPD patients with breathlessness who do not qualify currently for long-term oxygen. They concluded that continuous oxygen during exertion, but not short-burst therapy, reduced dyspnoea in mildly- and non-hypoxemic people with COPD who would not otherwise qualify for home oxygen therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS000079.
Citation: Uronis HE, Ekstrom MP, Currow DC .
Oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who would not qualify for home oxygen: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Thorax 2015 May;70(5):492-4. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205720..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Home Healthcare, Respiratory Conditions
Shah T, Churpek MM, Coca Perraillon M
Understanding why patients with COPD get readmitted: a large national study to delineate the Medicare population for the readmissions penalty expansion.
The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) penalizes hospitals for 30-day readmissions and was extended to COPD in October 2014. The authors investigated readmission risk factors and reasons for readmission in order to guide hospitals in initiating programs to reduce COPD readmissions. They found that patients discharged home without home care were more likely to be readmitted for COPD than patients discharged to post-acute care, and those readmitted were more likely to be dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid, have a longer median length of stay, and have more comorbidities. They concluded that the addition of COPD to the readmissions penalty may further worsen the disproportionately high penalties seen in safety net hospitals.
AHRQ-funded; HS021877.
Citation: Shah T, Churpek MM, Coca Perraillon M .
Understanding why patients with COPD get readmitted: a large national study to delineate the Medicare population for the readmissions penalty expansion.
Chest 2015 May;147(5):1219-26. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-2181.
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Keywords: Respiratory Conditions, Elderly, Medicare, Hospital Readmissions
Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Setodji CM
Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections at retail clinics, physician practices, and emergency departments.
The authors compared antibiotic prescribing among retail clinics, primary care practices, and emergency departments (EDs) for acute respiratory infections (ARIs): antibiotics-may-be-appropriate ARIs and antibiotics-never-appropriate ARIs. They found that, compared with primary care practices and EDs, there was no difference at retail clinics in overall ARI antibiotic prescribing, which was more diagnosis-appropriate.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Setodji CM .
Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections at retail clinics, physician practices, and emergency departments.
Am J Manag Care 2015 Apr;21(4):294-302.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Emergency Department, Provider: Pharmacist, Primary Care, Respiratory Conditions
Sharma G, Meena R, Goodwin JS
Burn injury associated with home oxygen use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The researchers quantified the risk of burn injury associated with home oxygen use and examined the risk factors associated with the development of this injury. They found that the absolute risk of burn injury in patients prescribed oxygen therapy was 2.98 per 1000 patients compared with 1.69 per 1000 patients not prescribed oxygen during a 22-month period.
AHRQ-funded; HS020642; HS022134.
Citation: Sharma G, Meena R, Goodwin JS .
Burn injury associated with home oxygen use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Mayo Clin Proc 2015 Apr;90(4):492-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.024..
Keywords: Injuries and Wounds, Adverse Events, Risk, Respiratory Conditions, Elderly
Nykiel-Bailey SM, McAllister JD, Schrock CR
Difficult airway consultation service for children: steps to implement and preliminary results.
The article demonstrates how to implement a consultative service focusing on difficult airway (DAW) identification, management and education. The initial 3-month experience confirmed that a majority of pediatric DAW events are associated with congenital or acquired abnormalities. Through appropriate consultation and leadership, the Difficult Airway Service was able to physically and electronically identify pediatric patients with a DAW and provide management.
AHRQ-funded; HS022265.
Citation: Nykiel-Bailey SM, McAllister JD, Schrock CR .
Difficult airway consultation service for children: steps to implement and preliminary results.
Paediatr Anaesth 2015 Apr;25(4):363-71. doi: 10.1111/pan.12625..
Keywords: Care Management, Children/Adolescents, Respiratory Conditions, Patient Safety, Risk
Nishi SP, Zhang W, Kuo YF
Oxygen therapy use in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The researchers examined national trends and factors associated with the use of oxygen therapy and sustained oxygen therapy in older adults with COPD between 2001 and 2010. They found an increase in oxygen therapy use but a decrease in sustained oxygen therapy in fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with COPD from 2001 to 2010.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134; HS020642.
Citation: Nishi SP, Zhang W, Kuo YF .
Oxygen therapy use in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
PLoS One 2015 Mar 18;10(3):e0120684. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120684..
Keywords: Elderly, Medicare, Respiratory Conditions
Hajizadeh N, Goldfeld
What happens to patients with COPD with long-term oxygen treatment who receive mechanical ventilation for COPD exacerbation? A 1-year retrospective follow-up study.
This study describes outcomes for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on long-term oxygen treatment who are admitted to an ICU for respiratory failure and receive invasive mechanical ventilation. Of the 4,791 patients, 23 percent died in the hospital, and 45 percent died in the subsequent 12 months. Also, 67 percent of patients were readmitted at least once in the subsequent 12 months.
AHRQ-funded; HS019473.
Citation: Hajizadeh N, Goldfeld .
What happens to patients with COPD with long-term oxygen treatment who receive mechanical ventilation for COPD exacerbation? A 1-year retrospective follow-up study.
Thorax 2015 Mar;70(3):294-6. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205248..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Comparative Effectiveness, Respiratory Conditions
Linder JA
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
In this editorial, the author described issues involving sore throat diagnosis and delineated various points concerning an article within the same journal issue, concluding that physicians should remember that the prevalence of group A streptococcus in adults with a sore throat is approximately 10%; and that they should use the Centor scoring criteria; selectively use rapid antigen-detection testing; limit antibiotic treatment to patients most likely to have group A streptococcus; and most of the time when prescribing antibiotics, use penicillin.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Linder JA .
Sore throat: avoid overcomplicating the uncomplicated.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Feb 17;162(4):311-2. doi: 10.7326/m14-2899.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Practice Patterns
Kaplan RM, Sun Q, Ries AL
AHRQ Author: Kaplan RM
Quality of well-being outcomes in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial.
The purpose of this article is to report outcomes from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) using an index that combines quality and quantity of life. Results showed that, compared with maximal medical therapy alone, patients undergoing maximal medical therapy plus lung volume reduction surgery experienced improved health-related quality of life and gained more quality-adjusted life years.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Kaplan RM, Sun Q, Ries AL .
Quality of well-being outcomes in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial.
Chest 2015 Feb;147(2):377-87. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-0528.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Quality of Life, Respiratory Conditions, Surgery
Gidengil CA, Linder JA, Hunter G
The volume-quality relationship in antibiotic prescribing: when more isn't better.
The researchers examined the impact of volume on more common medical conditions such as acute respiratory infections (ARIs). They found that higher ARI volume physicians had lower quality across a number of domains, including higher antibiotic prescribing rates, higher broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing, and lower guideline concordance. When they prescribed an antibiotic for a diagnosis for which an antibiotic may be indicated, they were less likely to prescribe guideline-concordant antibiotics.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Gidengil CA, Linder JA, Hunter G .
The volume-quality relationship in antibiotic prescribing: when more isn't better.
Inquiry 2015 Feb 10;52. doi: 10.1177/0046958015571130..
Keywords: Quality of Care, Medication, Respiratory Conditions, Guidelines
Ault MJ, Rosen BT, Scher J
Thoracentesis outcomes: a 12-year experience.
The researchers evaluated specific demographic and clinical factors that have been commonly associated with complications such as iatrogenic pneumothorax, re-expansion pulmonary edema and bleeding. They found that thoracenteses had a very low complication rate and concluded that current clinical guidelines and practice patterns may not reflect evidence-based best practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS021202.
Citation: Ault MJ, Rosen BT, Scher J .
Thoracentesis outcomes: a 12-year experience.
Thorax 2015 Feb;70(2):127-32. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206114..
Keywords: Risk, Evidence-Based Practice, Respiratory Conditions, Respiratory Conditions, Outcomes
Weinberger DM, Klugman KP, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of US hospitalization data.
The researchers evaluated whether variations in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic timing and magnitude are associated with variations in pneumococcal disease epidemics and whether changes in pneumococcal disease following the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) were associated with changes in the rate of RSV hospitalizations. Their findings indicate that RSV is associated with increases in the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Weinberger DM, Klugman KP, Steiner CA .
Association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of US hospitalization data.
PLoS Med 2015 Jan 6;12(1):e1001776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001776..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Hospitalization
Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Alonso WJ
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States.
The authors examined the association between environmental variables and state-specific measures of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonality. They found that states with low mean vapor pressure and the largest seasonal variation in potential evapotranspiration tended to experience biennial patterns of RSV activity, with alternating years of "early-big" and "late-small" epidemics. Their results successfully connected environmental drivers to the epidemic dynamics of RSV; however, the results do not fully explain why RSV activity begins in Florida, one of the warmest states, when RSV is a winter-seasonal pathogen.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Alonso WJ .
Environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States.
PLoS Pathog 2015 Jan;11(1):e1004591. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004591.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Newborns/Infants, Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Conditions
Foote EM, Singleton RJ, Holman RC
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska Native children and the general United States child population.
The authors described the change in lower respiratory tract infection-associated hospitalization rates for American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) children and for the general US child population aged less than 5 years. They found that the 2009-2011 AI/AN child average annual LRTI-associated hospitalization rate was 1.5 times higher than the US child rate. The Alaska and Southwest regions had the highest rates. The disparity was greatest for infant pneumonia-associated and 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza-associated hospitalizations.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Foote EM, Singleton RJ, Holman RC .
Lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska Native children and the general United States child population.
Int J Circumpolar Health 2015;74:29256. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v74.29256.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Respiratory Conditions
Smith SS, Ference EH, Evans CT
The prevalence of bacterial infection in acute rhinosinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The primary objective of this systematic review of 29 studies was to assess the prevalence of bacterial infection in adults with clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) who undergo culture from antral puncture or endoscopically directed middle meatus culture. The review provides evidence that the prevalence of bacterial infection in patients with clinically diagnosed ARS remains poorly defined, but is likely greater than the 0.5% to 2% figure previously widely quoted.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Smith SS, Ference EH, Evans CT .
The prevalence of bacterial infection in acute rhinosinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Laryngoscope 2015 Jan;125(1):57-69. doi: 10.1002/lary.24709..
Keywords: Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Imaging, Respiratory Conditions
Shear TC, Balachandran JS, Mokhlesi B
Risk of sleep apnea in hospitalized older patients.
This study assessed the prevalence of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among general medical inpatients and to investigate whether OSA risk is associated with in-hospital sleep quantity and quality. It found that two of every 5 inpatients older than 50 years screened at high risk for OSA. Those screening at high risk have worse in-hospital sleep quantity and quality.
AHRQ-funded; HS016967.
Citation: Shear TC, Balachandran JS, Mokhlesi B .
Risk of sleep apnea in hospitalized older patients.
J Clin Sleep Med 2014 Oct 15;10(10):1061-6. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.4098..
Keywords: Elderly, Sleep Problems, Risk, Respiratory Conditions
Deppen SA, Blume JD, Kensinger CD
Accuracy of FDG-PET to diagnose lung cancer in areas with infectious lung disease: a meta-analysis.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) combined with fludeoxyglucose F18 (FDG) for pulmonary modules suspicious for lung cancer in regions where infectious lung disease is endemic and compare the accuracy in regions where such disease is rare. It found that the accuracy of FDG-PET was extremely heterogeneous.
AHRQ-funded; HS021554.
Citation: Deppen SA, Blume JD, Kensinger CD .
Accuracy of FDG-PET to diagnose lung cancer in areas with infectious lung disease: a meta-analysis.
JAMA 2014 Sep 24;312(12):1227-36. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.11488..
Keywords: Cancer, Cancer: Lung Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Respiratory Conditions, Imaging
Downes KJ, Rao MB, Kahill L
Daily serum creatinine monitoring promotes earlier detection of acute kidney injury in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of daily serum creatinine (SCr) measurement on amino-glycoside (AG)-associated acute kidney injury detection among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The study included 87 patients at a children’s hospital who received a total of 227 AG courses of 3 days or more.
AHRQ-funded; HS021114
Citation: Downes KJ, Rao MB, Kahill L .
Daily serum creatinine monitoring promotes earlier detection of acute kidney injury in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
J Cyst Fibros. 2014 Jul;13(4):435-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.03.005..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Antibiotics, Children/Adolescents, Medication, Respiratory Conditions