National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
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- Antibiotics (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 6 of 6 Research Studies DisplayedLefrak L, Schaffer KE, Bohnert J
Blood culture procedures and practices in the neonatal intensive care unit: a survey of a large multicenter collaborative in California.
The objective of this Web-based survey was to describe variation in bedside and laboratory-level blood culture practices in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Participants were 28 NICUs in an antimicrobial stewardship quality improvement program in the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative. Results showed that recommended practices for blood culturing were not routinely performed. Most NICUs did not have a procedural competency, did not document sample volume, did not receive a culture contamination report, and/or did not require reporting to the provider if less than 1 mL of blood was drawn. Skin asepsis procedure varied across NICUs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026168.
Citation: Lefrak L, Schaffer KE, Bohnert J .
Blood culture procedures and practices in the neonatal intensive care unit: a survey of a large multicenter collaborative in California.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023 Oct; 44(10):1576=81. doi: 10.1017/ice.2023.33..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Inpatient Care, Quality of Care
Rasooly IR, Makeneni S, Khan AN
The alarm burden of excess continuous pulse oximetry monitoring among patients with bronchiolitis.
This study’s objective was to quantify alarm burden of excess continuous pulse oximetry monitoring among hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis who are not receiving supplemental oxygen. The authors evaluated admissions of 201 children (aged 0-24 months) with bronchiolitis. They categorized time ≥60 minutes following discontinuation of supplemental oxygen as "continuously monitored (guideline-discordant)," "intermittently measured (guideline-concordant)," or "unable to classify." Among 4402 classifiable hours, 77% of alarms occurred during periods of guideline-discordant monitoring. Patients experienced a median of 35 alarms during guideline-discordant, continuously monitored time, representing a rate of 6.7 alarms per hour. When the monitoring was guideline-concordant, median hourly alarm rate was 0.5 alarms per hour.
AHRQ-funded; HS026620.
Citation: Rasooly IR, Makeneni S, Khan AN .
The alarm burden of excess continuous pulse oximetry monitoring among patients with bronchiolitis.
J Hosp Med 2021 Dec;16(12):727-29. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3731..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Inpatient Care
Coon ER, Stoddard G, Brady PW
Intensive care unit utilization after adoption of a ward-based high-flow nasal cannula protocol.
This study examined whether the adoption of ward-based high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) protocol in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) reduced ICU utilization. This retrospective cohort study included infants aged 3 to 24 months hospitalized with bronchiolitis at hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. There was a 93% response rate with the 44 hospitals contacted for the survey, of which 18 were categorized as non-adopting hospitals and 12 were categorized as adopting hospitals. Ward-based HFNC protocol data were included from the 2010-2011 and 2015-2016 respiratory seasons. Early protocols were paradoxically associated with increased ICU utilization.
AHRQ-funded; HS023827.
Citation: Coon ER, Stoddard G, Brady PW .
Intensive care unit utilization after adoption of a ward-based high-flow nasal cannula protocol.
J Hosp Med 2020 Jun;15(6):325-30. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3417..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Respiratory Conditions, Healthcare Utilization, Newborns/Infants, Inpatient Care
Williams CN, Eriksson CO, Kirby A
Hospital mortality and functional outcomes in pediatric neurocritical care.
Pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) outcomes research is scarce. In this study, the investigators aimed to expand knowledge about outcomes in PNCC by evaluating death and changes in Functional Status Scale (FSS) from baseline among PNCC diagnoses. The investigators concluded that PNCC patients had high rates of death and new disability at discharge, varying significantly between PNCC diagnoses. Multiple domains of disability were affected, underscoring the ongoing multidisciplinary health care needs of survivors.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981.
Citation: Williams CN, Eriksson CO, Kirby A .
Hospital mortality and functional outcomes in pediatric neurocritical care.
Hosp Pediatr 2019 Dec;9(12):958-66. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2019-0173..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Newborns/Infants, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care, Neurological Disorders, Mortality, Hospitals, Inpatient Care, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Desai S, Aronson PL, Shabanova V
Parenteral antibiotic therapy duration in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infections.
This study compared rates of recurring bacteremic urinary tract infections (UTIs) among hospitalized infants who received parenteral antibiotics 7 days or less compared with infants who received long-term treatment defined as greater than 7 days. Among 115 infants with bactermic UTI, half received short-course parenteral antibiotics and no difference in 30-day UTI recurrence was found.
AHRQ-funded; HS026006.
Citation: Desai S, Aronson PL, Shabanova V .
Parenteral antibiotic therapy duration in young infants with bacteremic urinary tract infections.
Pediatrics 2019 Sep;144(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3844..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Antibiotics, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Medication, Inpatient Care, Hospitalization, Outcomes, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Wickremasinghe AC, Kuzniewicz MW, McCulloch CE
Efficacy of subthreshold newborn phototherapy during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmission for phototherapy.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of subthreshold phototherapy for newborns with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels from 0.1 to 3.0 mg/dL below the appropriate AAP phototherapy threshold during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmissions for phototherapy, and to identify predictors of readmission for phototherapy. The investigators concluded that subthreshold phototherapy during the birth hospitalization is effective in preventing readmissions for phototherapy; however, for each readmission prevented, many newborns require phototherapy who would otherwise not need it.
AHRQ-funded; HS020618.
Citation: Wickremasinghe AC, Kuzniewicz MW, McCulloch CE .
Efficacy of subthreshold newborn phototherapy during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmission for phototherapy.
JAMA Pediatr 2018 Apr;172(4):378-85. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5630..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Evidence-Based Practice, Hospital Readmissions, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Newborns/Infants