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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
26 to 50 of 108 Research Studies DisplayedGoldstone AB, Chiu P, Baiocchi M
Second arterial versus venous conduits for multi-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery in California.
This study sought to determine whether a second arterial conduit improves outcomes after multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. It concluded that second arterial conduit use in California is low and declining, but arterial grafts were associated with significantly lower mortality and fewer cardiovascular events. A right internal thoracic artery graft offered no benefit over that of a radial artery, but did increase risk of sternal wound infection.
AHRQ-funded; HS022192.
Citation: Goldstone AB, Chiu P, Baiocchi M .
Second arterial versus venous conduits for multi-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery in California.
Circulation 2018 Apr 17;137(16):1698-707. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030959.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery
Kalbaugh CA, Loehr L, Wruck L
Frequency of care and mortality following an incident diagnosis of peripheral artery disease in the inpatient or outpatient setting: the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study.
Researchers analyzed frequency of care and mortality date for patients with an initial peripheral artery disease (PAD) diagnosis in the outpatient or inpatient setting. Data was analyzed from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study cohort linked with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services fee-for-services claims data for 2002-2012. Patients diagnosed in the outpatient setting had higher follow-up rates with lower hospitalizations and mortality than those diagnosed in the inpatient setting.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032; HS023728.
Citation: Kalbaugh CA, Loehr L, Wruck L .
Frequency of care and mortality following an incident diagnosis of peripheral artery disease in the inpatient or outpatient setting: the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study.
J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Apr 13;7(8). doi: 10.1161/jaha.117.007332..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Healthcare Utilization, Hospitalization, Mortality, Outcomes
de Cordova PB
Excess mortality associated with weekend hospital admissions may be due to patient-level differences, rather than reduced staffing or services.
The author comments on a study by Walker that explained the weekend effect as arising from differences in patient characteristics among patients who present to the emergency department on the weekend. For staffing, Walker used a proxy measure because staffing information was not available. The author cautions that, although a clear rationale was provided, there should be acknowledgement that use of a proxy, whether for illness severity or staffing, may alter results.
AHRQ-funded; HS024339.
Citation: de Cordova PB .
Excess mortality associated with weekend hospital admissions may be due to patient-level differences, rather than reduced staffing or services.
Evid Based Nurs 2018 Apr;21(2):49. doi: 10.1136/eb-2017-102779.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Health Services Research (HSR), Hospitalization, Mortality, Provider Performance
Hirayama A, Goto T, Shimada YJ
Association of obesity with severity of heart failure exacerbation: a population-based study.
Researchers investigate the associations of obesity with severity of heart failure exacerbation and in-hospital mortality using population-based data from the State Inpatient Databases. Subjects were adults hospitalized for heart failure exacerbation in seven States from 2012 to 2013. The researchers found that, based on large population-based data sets of patients with heart failure exacerbation, obesity was associated with higher acute severity measures but lower in-hospital mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS023305.
Citation: Hirayama A, Goto T, Shimada YJ .
Association of obesity with severity of heart failure exacerbation: a population-based study.
J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Mar 15;7(6). doi: 10.1161/jaha.117.008243..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Obesity, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Hospitalization, Mortality
Lopes RD, Rordorf R, De Ferrari GM
Digoxin and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation.
This study examined whether digoxin was independently associated with mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Digoxin is a widely used medication for AF. The association was assessed in 17,897 patients who were score-matched with control participants. Baseline digoxin was not associated with increased mortality, but patients with a serum digoxin concentration of greater or equal to 1.2 ng/ml had a 56% increased hazard of mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS024310.
Citation: Lopes RD, Rordorf R, De Ferrari GM .
Digoxin and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2018 Mar 13;71(10):1063-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.12.060..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Medication, Mortality, Risk
Chen LM, Levine DA, Hayward R
Relationship between hospital 30-day mortality rates for heart failure and patterns of early inpatient comfort care.
This study describes the use of early comfort care for patients with heart failure (HF), and whether hospitals that more commonly initiate comfort care have higher 30-day mortality rates. It found that hospital use of early comfort care for HF varies, has not increased over time, and on average, is not correlated with 30-day risk-standardized mortality rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS020671.
Citation: Chen LM, Levine DA, Hayward R .
Relationship between hospital 30-day mortality rates for heart failure and patterns of early inpatient comfort care.
J Hosp Med 2018 Mar;13(3):170-76. doi: 10.12788/jhm.2862.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Heart Disease and Health, Inpatient Care, Mortality, Palliative Care
Spatz ES, Wang Y, Beckman AL
Traditional Chinese medicine for acute myocardial infarction in western medicine hospitals in China.
This study examined the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. The data came from the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Retrospective Study of Acute Myocardial Infarction. A chart review was done of randomly sampled patients in 2001, 2006 and 2011 in 162 Western medicine hospitals across China. Nearly all (99%) hospitals used some form of TCM, with Salvia miltiorrhiza being the most commonly prescribed. This TCM treatment (and others) was used intravenously and use has increased over the span of the study, despite lack of evidence of benefit or harm.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Spatz ES, Wang Y, Beckman AL .
Traditional Chinese medicine for acute myocardial infarction in western medicine hospitals in China.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018 Mar;11(3):e004190. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.117.004190..
Keywords: Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Heart Disease and Health, Hospitals, Mortality, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient Safety, Practice Patterns, Risk
Haymart MR
Is BRAF V600E mutation the explanation for age-associated mortality risk in patients with papillary thyroid cancer?
In this editorial, the author discusses an article appearing within the same issue. She states that the general hypothesis that age-related differences in mortality could be linked to underlying pathogenesis and specifically to oncogenic alterations is probable. She recommends confirmatory studies and concludes that this area of investigation offers potential opportunities to tailor prognostication further through a better understanding of pathogenesis.
AHRQ-funded; HS024512.
Citation: Haymart MR .
Is BRAF V600E mutation the explanation for age-associated mortality risk in patients with papillary thyroid cancer?
J Clin Oncol 2018 Feb 10;36(5):433-34. doi: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.2583..
Keywords: Cancer, Genetics, Mortality, Risk
Bachmann JM, Duncan MS, Shah AS
Association of cardiac rehabilitation with decreased hospitalizations and mortality after ventricular assist device implantation.
This study examined whether outcomes of cardiac patients who had received ventricular assist device (VAD) implementation had decreased hospitalization and mortality with cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Medicare beneficiaries enrolled for disability or aged 65 years and older in 2014 were included. The investigators identified VAD recipients by diagnosis codes. It was found that each 5-year increase in age was associated with attending an additional 1.6 CR sessions and there was a 23% lower 1-year hospitalization risk and a 47% lower 1-year mortality risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Bachmann JM, Duncan MS, Shah AS .
Association of cardiac rehabilitation with decreased hospitalizations and mortality after ventricular assist device implantation.
JACC Heart Fail 2018 Feb;6(2):130-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.11.002..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Rehabilitation, Heart Disease and Health, Medical Devices, Surgery, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Mortality, Evidence-Based Practice, Hospitalization
Likosky DS, Van Parys J, Zhou W
Association between Medicare expenditure growth and mortality rates in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a comparison from 1999 through 2014.
This study assessed whether components of growth in Medicare expenditures are associated with mortality rates between January 1, 1999, and June 30, 2014, for beneficiaries hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction. It found that the growth in early percutaneous coronary intervention exhibited a negative association with 180-day case fatality. Spending on cardiac procedures was positively associated with 180-day mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS022535.
Citation: Likosky DS, Van Parys J, Zhou W .
Association between Medicare expenditure growth and mortality rates in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a comparison from 1999 through 2014.
JAMA Cardiol 2018 Feb;3(2):114-22. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.4771.
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Keywords: Elderly, Medicare, Heart Disease and Health, Mortality, Outcomes
Goodwin JS, Salameh H, Zhou J
Association of hospitalist years of experience with mortality in the hospitalized Medicare population.
The purpose of the study is to describe the association of hospitalist years of experience with 30-day mortality and hospital mortality of their patients. The authors noted that patients cared for by hospitalists in their first year of practice experienced higher mortality. The authors asserted that early-career hospitalists may require additional support to ensure optimal outcomes for their patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS022134.
Citation: Goodwin JS, Salameh H, Zhou J .
Association of hospitalist years of experience with mortality in the hospitalized Medicare population.
JAMA Intern Med 2018 Feb;178(2):196-203. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.7049..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Medicare, Mortality, Provider
Charytan DM, Skali H, Shah NR
Coronary flow reserve is predictive of the risk of cardiovascular death regardless of chronic kidney disease stage.
Microvascular rarefaction is found in experimental uremia, but data from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited. The investigators, therefore, quantified absolute myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve (the ratio of peak to resting flow) from myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography scans at a single institution and classified individuals into standard CKD categories based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Charytan DM, Skali H, Shah NR .
Coronary flow reserve is predictive of the risk of cardiovascular death regardless of chronic kidney disease stage.
Kidney Int 2018 Feb;93(2):501-09. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.07.025..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Kidney Disease and Health, Mortality
Greenhawt M, Oppenheimer JJ
Is the better part of valor truly discretion?
The authors argue that the current model for managing peanut allergy is broken, and this fracture is hallmarked by the rapid increase in poor quality of life and poor empowerment of patients. The risk of fatality is often overblown in the face of data that suggest food allergy fatality is exceedingly low. However, the horizon is bright for future therapies and additional risk modeling, which can better arm decision making and means to inform patients about how to personalize management of their food allergy going forward.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Greenhawt M, Oppenheimer JJ .
Is the better part of valor truly discretion?
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018 Feb;120(2):111-12. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.11.003.
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Keywords: Shared Decision Making, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Patient Self-Management, Quality of Life
Goto T, Hirayama A, Faridi MK
Obesity and severity of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A study was done to determine if there was an increase in severity and mortality with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who were also obese. Researchers used data from 2012-2013 State Inpatient Databases data of seven U.S. states. 17% of COPD patients in the database were defined as obese. Obesity was shown to increase use of ventilation, increased hospital stays but not in-hospital mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS023305.
Citation: Goto T, Hirayama A, Faridi MK .
Obesity and severity of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018 Feb;15(2):184-91. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201706-485OC..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Respiratory Conditions, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Mortality, Obesity
Burke RE, Jones CD, Hosokawa P
Influence of nonindex hospital readmission on length of stay and mortality.
The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of nonindex 30-day readmissions in a nationally representative sample of all payers and associations with outcomes. The investigators conclude that nonindex readmissions are common and associated with worse outcomes; the common findings across cohorts highlighted the importance for hospitals and care systems participating in value-based payment models.
AHRQ-funded; HS024569.
Citation: Burke RE, Jones CD, Hosokawa P .
Influence of nonindex hospital readmission on length of stay and mortality.
Med Care 2018 Jan;56(1):85-90. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000829..
Keywords: Hospitals, Mortality, Outcomes, Hospital Readmissions
Travers CP, Carlo WA, McDonald SA
Mortality and pulmonary outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids.
This study sought to determine if exposure to antenatal corticosteroids is associated with a lower rate of death and pulmonary morbidities by 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. It concluded that among infants 22-28 weeks' gestational age, any or partial antenatal exposure to corticosteroids compared to no exposure is associated with a lower rate of death while the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in survivors did not differ.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Travers CP, Carlo WA, McDonald SA .
Mortality and pulmonary outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Jan;218(1):130.e1-30.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.554.
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Keywords: Medication, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Respiratory Conditions
Phillippi JC, Danhausen K, Alliman J
Neonatal outcomes in the birth center setting: a systematic review.
This systematic review examined the effects of the birth center setting on neonatal mortality in economically developed countries. The criteria for inclusion included being in English, published after 1980 and in countries with similar guidelines to the American Association of Birth Centers Standards. The only measure used was neonatal mortality and results did not find any difference between using a birth center as opposed to a traditional hospital setting. The literature was not found to have many good quality studies, and further research is recommended.
AHRQ-funded; HS024733.
Citation: Phillippi JC, Danhausen K, Alliman J .
Neonatal outcomes in the birth center setting: a systematic review.
J Midwifery Womens Health 2018 Jan;63(1):68-89. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12701..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Labor and Delivery, Mortality, Newborns/Infants, Outcomes, Pregnancy, Women
Lee AK, Warren B, Lee CJ
The association of severe hypoglycemia with incident cardiovascular events and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes.
There is suggestive evidence linking hypoglycemia with cardiovascular disease, but few data have been collected in a community-based setting. This study found that hypoglycemia was not associated with stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or noncardiovascular and noncancer death. Results were robust within subgroups defined by age, sex, race, diabetes duration, and baseline cardiovascular risk.
AHRQ-funded; HS018542.
Citation: Lee AK, Warren B, Lee CJ .
The association of severe hypoglycemia with incident cardiovascular events and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Care 2018 Jan;41(1):104-11. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1669.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Diabetes, Mortality
Cutler E, Karaca Z, Henke R
AHRQ Author: Karaca Z, Wong HS
The effects of Medicare accountable organizations on inpatient mortality rates.
This study examined whether Medicare Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) have improved hospital quality of care, specifically focusing on preventable inpatient mortality. The investigators concluded that, on average, Medicare ACO hospitals are not associated with improved mortality rates for the studied inpatient quality indicator conditions. They suggest that stakeholders may potentially consider providing ACOs with incentives or designing new programs for ACOs to target inpatient mortality reductions.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Cutler E, Karaca Z, Henke R .
The effects of Medicare accountable organizations on inpatient mortality rates.
Inquiry 2018 Jan-Dec;55:46958018800092. doi: 10.1177/0046958018800092..
Keywords: Quality of Care, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitals, Medicare, Mortality
Scally CP, Yin H, Birkmeyer JD
Comparing perioperative processes of care in high and low mortality centers performing pancreatic surgery.
The researchers compared high and low mortality hospitals in order to identify differences in patient care impacting safety. They concluded that high and low mortality hospitals both have high compliance with common quality measures; however, high mortality hospitals performed worse in other areas of perioperative care, indicating possible targets for quality improvement efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS020937.
Citation: Scally CP, Yin H, Birkmeyer JD .
Comparing perioperative processes of care in high and low mortality centers performing pancreatic surgery.
J Surg Oncol 2015 Dec;112(8):866-71. doi: 10.1002/jso.24085.
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Keywords: Surgery, Mortality, Quality Improvement, Outcomes, Patient Safety
Lee GE, Fisher BT, Xiao R
Burden of influenza-related hospitalizations and attributable mortality in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
The researchers investigated the rate of influenza hospitalizations and attributable mortality in children with cancer. They concluded that the burden of influenza-related hospitalizations in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is high and associated with significantly increased resource utilization and attributable mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS020939.
Citation: Lee GE, Fisher BT, Xiao R .
Burden of influenza-related hospitalizations and attributable mortality in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015 Dec;4(4):290-6. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piu066..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Influenza, Mortality, Children/Adolescents
Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
This study compared demographics and mortality of inf ants with invasive methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA), to determine the annual proportion of S aureus infections that were MRSA. It found that infant mortality after invasive MRSA and MSSA infections was similar, but MSSA caused more infections and more deaths in infants than MRSA.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Ericson JE, Popoola VO, Smith PB .
Burden of invasive staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized infants.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Dec;169(12):1105-11. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2380..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mortality, Hospitalization, Risk
Warnock DG, Powell TC, Donnelly JP
Categories of hospital-associated acute kidney injury: time course of changes in serum creatinine values.
The objective of this study was to categorize hospital-associated acute kidney injury (HA-AKI) based on the timing of minimum and peak inpatient serum creatinine (sCr) and describe the association with inpatient mortality. It concluded that risk of short-term inpatient mortality is associated with AKI, and this risk is attenuated with recovery of kidney function in the hospital.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Warnock DG, Powell TC, Donnelly JP .
Categories of hospital-associated acute kidney injury: time course of changes in serum creatinine values.
Nephron 2015;131(4):227-36. doi: 10.1159/000441956.
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Keywords: Kidney Disease and Health, Adverse Events, Hospitalization, Mortality
Keim-Malpass J, Adelstein K, Kavalieratos D
Legacy making through illness blogs: online spaces for young adults approaching the end-of-life.
The study analyzed the illness blogs of five young women (aged 25-39 years) at the end-of-life using a narrative approach. Key elements of legacy making and grief processing were explored. The women had varying experiences before their death, but uniform posthumous occurrences with the use of the blog for a space of grief for loved ones.
AHRQ-funded; HS022989.
Citation: Keim-Malpass J, Adelstein K, Kavalieratos D .
Legacy making through illness blogs: online spaces for young adults approaching the end-of-life.
J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2015 Dec;4(4):209-12. doi: 10.1089/jayao.2015.0003.
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Keywords: Cancer, Mortality, Web-Based, Young Adults
Olfson M, Gerhard T, Huang C
Premature mortality among adults with schizophrenia in the United States.
The objective of the study was to describe overall and cause-specific mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios for adults with schizophrenia compared with the US general population. In a US national cohort of adults with schizophrenia, excess deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases implicate modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including especially tobacco use.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112.
Citation: Olfson M, Gerhard T, Huang C .
Premature mortality among adults with schizophrenia in the United States.
JAMA Psychiatry 2015 Dec;72(12):1172-81. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1737..
Keywords: Mortality, Behavioral Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk