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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Antibiotics (4)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- (-) Community-Acquired Infections (11)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Guidelines (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- Home Healthcare (2)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Infectious Diseases (2)
- Injuries and Wounds (1)
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- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1)
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- Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) (1)
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- Provider (2)
- Provider: Nurse (2)
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- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Risk (3)
- Sepsis (2)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 11 of 11 Research Studies DisplayedAdams V, Song J, Shang J
Infection prevention and control practices in the home environment: examining enablers and barriers to adherence among home health care nurses.
This study’s aim was to examine the impact of individual, home environment, and organization factors on Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practices in home health care. A survey of 350 nurses across two large home care agencies was conducted to examine the relationship between IPC adherence and these factors. Multiple barriers to IPC practices in patients’ homes were reported including clutter (74.5%), and a dirty environment (70.3%). They also reported limited availability of some IPC supplies including personal protective equipment.
AHRQ-funded; HS024723.
Citation: Adams V, Song J, Shang J .
Infection prevention and control practices in the home environment: examining enablers and barriers to adherence among home health care nurses.
Am J Infect Control 2021 Jun;49(6):721-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.021..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Community-Acquired Infections, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Provider: Nurse, Provider
Vaughn VM, Gandhi T, Petty LA
Empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a multi-hospital cohort study.
A randomly sampled cohort of 1705 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was used. Data was collected on early empiric antibacterial therapy within 2 days of hospitalization, empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial co-infections. Of the 1705 patients, 56.6% were prescribed early empiric antibacterial therapy, with 3.5% having a confirmed community-onset bacterial infection. Use varied across hospitals, ranging from 27% to 84%. Patients were more likely to receive the therapy if they were older, had more severe illness, had a lobar infiltrate, or were admitted to a for-profit hospital. Over the one-month period empiric antibacterial use decreased.
AHRQ-funded; HS026530; HS026725.
Citation: Vaughn VM, Gandhi T, Petty LA .
Empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial coinfection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a multi-hospital cohort study.
Clin Infect Dis 2021 May 18;72(10):e533-e41. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1239..
Keywords: COVID-19, Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Hospitalization
Russell D, Dowding D, Trifilio M
Individual, social, and environmental factors for infection risk among home healthcare patients: a multi-method study.
This paper is a study of nurse perceptions of individual, social, and environmental factors for infection risk among home healthcare (HHC) patients and also identifies the frequency of environmental barriers to infection prevention and control in HHC. Data were collected in 2017-2018 from qualitative interviews with 50 HHC nurses and structured observations of nurse visits to patients’ homes (n = 400). Perceived infection risk among patients was characterized as being influenced by knowledge of and attitudes towards infection prevention and engagement in hygiene practices, receipt of support from informal caregivers and nurse interventions aimed at cultivating infection control knowledge and practices, and the home environment. Frequent environmental barriers observed during visits to patients included clutter (39.5%), poor lighting (38.8%), dirtiness (28.5%), and pets (17.2%).
AHRQ-funded; HS024723.
Citation: Russell D, Dowding D, Trifilio M .
Individual, social, and environmental factors for infection risk among home healthcare patients: a multi-method study.
Health Soc Care Community 2021 May;29(3):780-88. doi: 10.1111/hsc.13321..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Community-Acquired Infections, Risk, Provider: Nurse, Provider
O'Donoghue A, Dechen T, O'Donoghue A, Dechen T, Pavlova W W
Reopening businesses and risk of COVID-19 transmission.
In this paper, the authors used anonymized cell-phone data to quantify the potential risk of COVID-19 transmission in business establishments by building a Business Risk Index that measures transmission risk over time. They used two metrics, visits per square foot and the average duration of visits from January 2020 to June 2020. They found that an increase in a county's average Business Risk Index is associated with an increase in positive COVID-19 cases in 1 week. Their risk index provides a way for policymakers and hospital decision-makers to monitor the potential risk of COVID-19 transmission from businesses based on the frequency and density of visits to businesses.
AHRQ-funded; HS024288.
Citation: O'Donoghue A, Dechen T, O'Donoghue A, Dechen T, Pavlova W W .
Reopening businesses and risk of COVID-19 transmission.
NPJ Digit Med 2021 Mar 16;4(1):51. doi: 10.1038/s41746-021-00420-9..
Keywords: COVID-19, Community-Acquired Infections, Public Health, Risk
Gurigis FW, Donnelly JP, Dodani S
Cholesterol levels and long-term rates of community-acquired sepsis.
The researchers sought to determine the relationship between baseline cholesterol levels and long-term rates of sepsis. They found that low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was associated with higher long-terms rates of community-acquired sepsis. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was not associated with long-term sepsis rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Gurigis FW, Donnelly JP, Dodani S .
Cholesterol levels and long-term rates of community-acquired sepsis.
Crit Care 2016 Dec 23;20(1):408. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1579-8.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Community-Acquired Infections, Sepsis
Anesi JA, Lautenbach E, Nachamkin I
Clinical and molecular characterization of community-onset urinary tract infections due to extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
The objective of this paper was to evaluate risk factors for and molecular characteristics of community-onset extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) Enterobacteriaceae (EB) urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a US health system. The investigators found that use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, older age, diabetes, and presentation to the emergency department were associated with community-onset ESC-R EB UTI, with a high prevalence of CTX-M among their community isolates.
AHRQ-funded; HS020002.
Citation: Anesi JA, Lautenbach E, Nachamkin I .
Clinical and molecular characterization of community-onset urinary tract infections due to extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Dec;37(12):1433-39. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.225.
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Keywords: Antibiotics, Community-Acquired Infections, Patient Safety, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Piper Jenks N, Pardos de la Gandara M, D'Orazio BM
Differences in prevalence of community-associated MRSA and MSSA among U.S. and non-U.S. born populations in six New York community health centers.
As part of a research collaborative, 6 New York City-area community health centers recruited patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs). This study found that although not statistically significant, immigrants had lower rates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections than did native-born participants, and immigrants showed significantly higher rates of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) wound cultures.
AHRQ-funded; HS021667.
Citation: Piper Jenks N, Pardos de la Gandara M, D'Orazio BM .
Differences in prevalence of community-associated MRSA and MSSA among U.S. and non-U.S. born populations in six New York community health centers.
Travel Med Infect Dis 2016 Nov - Dec;14(6):551-60. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.10.003.
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Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Injuries and Wounds, Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN), Antibiotics
Belforti RK, Lagu T, Haessler S
Association between initial route of fluoroquinolone administration and outcomes in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia.
The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia receiving intravenous vs oral respiratory fluoroquinolones. The authors concluded that there was no association between initial route of administration and outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS018723.
Citation: Belforti RK, Lagu T, Haessler S .
Association between initial route of fluoroquinolone administration and outcomes in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia.
Clin Infect Dis 2016 Jul 1;63(1):1-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw209.
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Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Pneumonia, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Antibiotics
Wang HE, Donnelly JP, Griffin R
Derivation of novel risk prediction scores for community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis.
The researchers derived and internally validated a Sepsis Risk Score and a Severe Sepsis Risk Score predicting future sepsis and severe sepsis events among community-dwelling adults. They concluded that the Sepsis Risk Score and Severe Sepsis Risk Score predict 10-year sepsis and severe sepsis risk among community-dwelling adults and may aid in sepsis prevention or mitigation efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Wang HE, Donnelly JP, Griffin R .
Derivation of novel risk prediction scores for community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis.
Crit Care Med 2016 Jul;44(7):1285-94. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001666.
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Keywords: Community-Acquired Infections, Risk, Risk, Sepsis
Parikh K, Hall M, Blaschke AJ
Aggregate and hospital-level impact of national guidelines on diagnostic resource utilization for children with pneumonia at children's hospitals.
Researchers sought to evaluate the temporal trends in diagnostic testing associated with guideline implementation among children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). They concluded that publication of national pneumonia guidelines in 2011 was associated with modest changes in diagnostic testing for children with CAP. However, the changes varied across hospitals, and the financial impact was modest.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Parikh K, Hall M, Blaschke AJ .
Aggregate and hospital-level impact of national guidelines on diagnostic resource utilization for children with pneumonia at children's hospitals.
J Hosp Med 2016 May;11(5):317-23. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2534.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Community-Acquired Infections, Guidelines, Pneumonia
Self WH, Williams DJ, Zhu Y
Respiratory viral detection in children and adults: comparing asymptomatic controls and patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
The researchers conducted a prospective study to identify the prevalence of 13 viruses in the upper respiratory tract of patients with CAP and concurrently enrolled asymptomatic controls with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. They concluded that the probability that a virus detected with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in patients with CAP contributed to symptomatic disease varied by age group and specific virus.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: Self WH, Williams DJ, Zhu Y .
Respiratory viral detection in children and adults: comparing asymptomatic controls and patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
J Infect Dis 2016 Feb 15;213(4):584-91. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv323.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Community-Acquired Infections, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions