National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Access to Care (37)
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
- Adverse Events (1)
- Alcohol Use (2)
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (4)
- Asthma (3)
- Autism (1)
- Behavioral Health (28)
- Blood Pressure (3)
- Cancer (10)
- Cancer: Breast Cancer (2)
- Cancer: Colorectal Cancer (4)
- Cancer: Lung Cancer (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (2)
- Care Coordination (4)
- Caregiving (3)
- Care Management (2)
- Case Study (4)
- Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) (1)
- Children/Adolescents (52)
- Chronic Conditions (16)
- Clinician-Patient Communication (2)
- Colonoscopy (1)
- Communication (2)
- Community-Based Practice (12)
- Community Partnerships (2)
- Comparative Effectiveness (3)
- COVID-19 (9)
- Critical Care (1)
- Cultural Competence (5)
- Dental and Oral Health (2)
- Depression (6)
- Diabetes (5)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (4)
- Disabilities (18)
- Disparities (20)
- Domestic Violence (5)
- Education (1)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (2)
- Elderly (13)
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) (12)
- Electronic Prescribing (E-Prescribing) (1)
- Emergency Department (11)
- Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (2)
- Evidence-Based Practice (7)
- Family Health and History (4)
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (5)
- Healthcare Costs (7)
- Healthcare Delivery (13)
- Healthcare Utilization (10)
- Health Information Exchange (HIE) (2)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (16)
- Health Insurance (9)
- Health Literacy (4)
- Health Promotion (4)
- Health Services Research (HSR) (3)
- Health Status (5)
- Hepatitis (3)
- Home Healthcare (2)
- Hospital Discharge (3)
- Hospitalization (3)
- Hospital Readmissions (4)
- Hospitals (3)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (14)
- Imaging (3)
- Implementation (2)
- Infectious Diseases (3)
- Inpatient Care (1)
- Labor and Delivery (1)
- Lifestyle Changes (3)
- Long-Term Care (1)
- Low-Income (31)
- Maternal Care (2)
- Medicaid (16)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) (1)
- Medicare (8)
- Medication (19)
- Medication: Safety (1)
- Mortality (2)
- Newborns/Infants (3)
- Nursing (1)
- Nursing Homes (3)
- Nutrition (11)
- Obesity (5)
- Obesity: Weight Management (1)
- Opioids (4)
- Organizational Change (1)
- Outcomes (4)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (15)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (6)
- Patient Adherence/Compliance (6)
- Patient and Family Engagement (4)
- Patient Experience (10)
- Patient Safety (4)
- Patient Self-Management (5)
- Payment (5)
- Policy (15)
- Practice Improvement (1)
- Practice Patterns (3)
- Pregnancy (3)
- Prevention (12)
- Primary Care (15)
- Primary Care: Models of Care (2)
- Provider (1)
- Provider: Clinician (1)
- Provider: Health Personnel (1)
- Provider: Nurse (2)
- Provider: Physician (1)
- Provider Performance (3)
- Public Health (10)
- Public Reporting (1)
- Quality Improvement (2)
- Quality Indicators (QIs) (1)
- Quality Measures (2)
- Quality of Care (9)
- Quality of Life (2)
- Racial and Ethnic Minorities (30)
- Research Methodologies (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (5)
- Risk (5)
- Rural/Inner-City Residents (3)
- Rural Health (7)
- Screening (17)
- Sex Factors (1)
- Sexual Health (4)
- Shared Decision Making (8)
- Sickle Cell Disease (1)
- Sleep Problems (1)
- Social Determinants of Health (32)
- Social Stigma (6)
- Stress (2)
- Substance Abuse (13)
- Surgery (2)
- Teams (1)
- Telehealth (9)
- Tobacco Use (4)
- Training (1)
- Transitions of Care (1)
- Trauma (1)
- Treatments (1)
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (1)
- Uninsured (9)
- Urban Health (14)
- Vaccination (5)
- (-) Vulnerable Populations (231)
- Web-Based (1)
- Women (12)
- Workflow (1)
- Workforce (1)
- Young Adults (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
76 to 100 of 231 Research Studies DisplayedSutter ME, Simmons VN, Sutton SK
Oncologists' experiences caring for LGBTQ patients with cancer: qualitative analysis of items on a national survey.
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals experience cancer-related health disparities and reduced quality of cancer care compared to the general population in part due to a lack of knowledgeable providers. This study explored oncologists' experiences and perspectives in providing patient-centered care for SGM individuals with cancer. The investigators concluded that oncologists recognized their knowledge deficits and need strategies to overcome communication barriers and microaggressions among the cancer care team to provide SGM-affirming care.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation: Sutter ME, Simmons VN, Sutton SK .
Oncologists' experiences caring for LGBTQ patients with cancer: qualitative analysis of items on a national survey.
Patient Educ Couns 2021 Apr;104(4):871-76. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.022..
Keywords: Cancer, Provider: Physician, Vulnerable Populations
Teixeira da Silva D, Biello K, Lin WY
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among an online sample of sexual and gender minority men and transgender women.
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations are particularly vulnerable to poor COVID-19 outcomes and are more likely to experience stigma and medical mistrust that may impact COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study examined the prevalence of COVID testing and diagnosis and assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among a large sample of SGM. The investigators found that black participants were significantly less likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, and Asian participants were significantly more likely to accept a vaccine, compared to White peers.
AHRQ-funded; HS0226116.
Citation: Teixeira da Silva D, Biello K, Lin WY .
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among an online sample of sexual and gender minority men and transgender women.
Vaccines 2021 Mar;9(3). doi: 10.3390/vaccines9030204..
Keywords: Vaccination, COVID-19, Public Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations
Nguyen KH, Trivedi AN, Cole MB
Receipt of social needs assistance and health center patient experience of care.
The goal of this study was to examine the degree to which community health center patients report receiving social needs assistance and compares measures of access and quality. A nationally representative sample of 4,699 nonelderly adults receiving care at community health centers out of 12.6 million patients was studied from the 2014-2015 HRSA Health Center Patient Survey. Social needs assistance was defined as a patient receiving community health center assistance accessing social programs such as applying for government benefits or obtaining basic needs such as transportation, housing, or food. From the sample, 36% reported receiving social needs assistance. Patients receiving assistance were more likely to report their usual source of care as a community health center and to report perceived quality of care as “the best”. They were also significantly less likely to use emergency departments as their usual source of care.
AHRQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Nguyen KH, Trivedi AN, Cole MB .
Receipt of social needs assistance and health center patient experience of care.
Am J Prev Med 2021 Mar;60(3):e139-e47. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.030..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Vulnerable Populations, Patient Experience, Quality of Care
Olmos-Ochoa TT, Miake-Lye IM, Glenn BA
Sustaining successful clinical-community partnerships in medically underserved urban areas: a qualitative case study.
This qualitative case study examines the Faith Community Health Partnership, which is a collaboration between faith-community nurses and community organizations sustained over 25 years. Factors supporting partnership sustainability were identified through semi-structured interviews with 18 FHCP partners. Factors include maintaining partners’ commitment over time; strategic resource-sharing; facilitating engagement; and preserving partnership flexibility.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Olmos-Ochoa TT, Miake-Lye IM, Glenn BA .
Sustaining successful clinical-community partnerships in medically underserved urban areas: a qualitative case study.
J Community Health Nurs 2021 Jan-Mar;38(1):1-12. doi: 10.1080/07370016.2021.1869423.
.
.
Keywords: Community Partnerships, Vulnerable Populations, Urban Health, Case Study, Access to Care, Healthcare Delivery
Malloy GSP, Puglisi L, Brandeau ML
Effectiveness of interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in a large urban jail: a model-based analysis.
The authors sought to estimate the impact of various mitigation strategies on COVID-19 transmission in a US jail beyond those offered in national guidelines. They found that depopulation, single celling, and asymptomatic testing within jails can be effective strategies to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in addition to standard public health measures. They recommended that decision makers prioritize reductions in the jail population, single celling, and testing asymptomatic populations as additional measures to manage COVID-19 within correctional settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS026128.
Citation: Malloy GSP, Puglisi L, Brandeau ML .
Effectiveness of interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in a large urban jail: a model-based analysis.
BMJ Open 2021 Feb 17;11(2):e042898. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042898..
Keywords: COVID-19, Public Health, Vulnerable Populations, Prevention, Infectious Diseases
Thompson HM
Stakeholder experiences with gender identity data capture in electronic health records: implementation effectiveness and a visibility paradox.
Advocates have endorsed transgender visibility via gender identity (GI) data capture with the advent of the Affordable Care Act and electronic health record (EHR) requirements. Visibility in data in order to enumerate a population contrasts with ways in which other LGBT and public health scholars have deployed these concepts. This article aims to assess the effectiveness of GI data capture in EHRs and implications for trans health care quality improvements and research.
AHRQ-funded; HS026385.
Citation: Thompson HM .
Stakeholder experiences with gender identity data capture in electronic health records: implementation effectiveness and a visibility paradox.
Health Educ Behav 2021 Feb;48(1):93-101. doi: 10.1177/1090198120963102.
.
.
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Health Services Research (HSR), Vulnerable Populations, Sex Factors
Magee LA, Fortenberry JD, Rosenman M
Two-year prevalence rates of mental health and substance use disorder diagnoses among repeat arrestees.
Investigators examined the prevalence of mental health and substance use diagnoses among arrestees and repeat arrestees to identify opportunities for intervention. Their retrospective cohort study linked police arrest and clinical care data at the individual level for persons arrested in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2016. They found that linked clinical and criminal justice data systems identified individuals at risk of repeat arrest and informed opportunities for interventions aimed at low-level offenders with behavioral health needs.
AHRQ-funded; HS023318.
Citation: Magee LA, Fortenberry JD, Rosenman M .
Two-year prevalence rates of mental health and substance use disorder diagnoses among repeat arrestees.
Health Justice 2021 Jan 7;9(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40352-020-00126-2..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Substance Abuse, Vulnerable Populations
Puglisi LB, Malloy GSP, Harvey TD
Estimation of COVID-19 basic reproduction ratio in a large urban jail in the United States.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the basic reproduction ratio () of SARS-CoV-2 inside a correctional facility early in the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigators concluded that the high of SARS-CoV-2 in a large urban jail highlighted the importance of including correctional facilities in public health strategies for COVID-19. The investigators suggested that in the absence of more aggressive mitigation strategies, correctional facilities will continue to contribute to community infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS026128.
Citation: Puglisi LB, Malloy GSP, Harvey TD .
Estimation of COVID-19 basic reproduction ratio in a large urban jail in the United States.
Ann Epidemiol 2021 Jan;53:103-05. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.09.002..
Keywords: COVID-19, Public Health, Vulnerable Populations, Prevention, Infectious Diseases
Chambers EC, McAuliff KE, Heller CG
Toward understanding social needs among primary care patients with uncontrolled diabetes.
This study examined the relationship between unmet social needs and diabetes among a predominantly Black and Hispanic patient population in a large urban hospital system in Bronx, New York. A total of 5846 patients with diabetes seen at a primary care visit between April 2018 and December 2019 were included and completed a social needs screener. Twenty-two percent of the patient sample had at least 1 unmet social need, with the most prevalent unmet needs being housing issues, food insecurity, and lack of healthcare transportation. Patients with more unmet needs had a greater likelihood of uncontrolled diabetes, with lack of healthcare transportation and food insecurity having the greatest likelihood.
AHRQ-funded; HS026396.
Citation: Chambers EC, McAuliff KE, Heller CG .
Toward understanding social needs among primary care patients with uncontrolled diabetes.
J Prim Care Community Health 2021 Jan-Dec;12:2150132720985044. doi: 10.1177/2150132720985044..
Keywords: Diabetes, Chronic Conditions, Primary Care, Vulnerable Populations, Social Determinants of Health
Myong C, Hull P, Price M
The impact of funding for federally qualified health centers on utilization and emergency department visits in Massachusetts.
This retrospective study examined the impact of funding for federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) on utilization and emergency department (ED) visits in Massachusetts. The authors theorized that greater funding for FQHCs could increase the local availability of clinic-based care and reduce more costly resource use, such as ED visits. Data from the Massachusetts All Payer Claims Database (APCD) 2010-2013 was used that included enrollees in 559 Massachusetts ZIP codes (2010 numbers 6,173,563). They calculated shift-share predictions of changes in FQHC funding at the ZIP code-level for FQHCs that received Community Health Center funds in any year. They found that a standard deviation increase in prior year FQHC funding (31%) was associated with a 2.3% increase in enrollees with FQHC visits and a 1.3% decrease in enrollees at EDs. However, there were no significant changes in emergent ED visit rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS025378.
Citation: Myong C, Hull P, Price M .
The impact of funding for federally qualified health centers on utilization and emergency department visits in Massachusetts.
PLoS One 2020 Dec 3;15(12):e0243279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243279..
Keywords: Community-Based Practice, Healthcare Utilization, Emergency Department, Healthcare Costs, Access to Care, Vulnerable Populations, Policy
Temkin-Greener H, Guo W, Mao Y
COVID-19 pandemic in assisted living communities: results from seven states.
The purpose of this observational study was to describe variations in COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths among assisted living (AL) residents and examine their associations with key AL characteristics. The investigators concluded that ALs with a higher proportion of minorities had more COVID-19 cases. Many of the previously identified individual risk factors were also present in this vulnerable population.
AHRQ-funded; HS024923; HS026893; HS026893.
Citation: Temkin-Greener H, Guo W, Mao Y .
COVID-19 pandemic in assisted living communities: results from seven states.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2020 Dec;68(12):2727-34. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16850..
Keywords: Elderly, Public Health, COVID-19, Nursing Homes, Vulnerable Populations, Risk
Joyce NR, Pfeiffer MR, Zullo AR
Individual and geographic variation in driver's license suspensions: evidence of disparities by race, ethnicity and income.
Using data from the New Jersey Safety Health Outcomes data warehouse 2004-2018, the authors compared characteristics of suspended drivers, their residential census tract, as well as access to public transportation and jobs, by reason for the suspension. They found that 91% of license suspensions were for non-driving-related events, with the most common reason for a suspension being failure to pay a fine. Non-driving-related suspended drivers lived in census tracts with a lower household median income, higher proportion of black and Hispanic residents and higher unemployment rates, but also better walkability scores and better access to public transportation and jobs. They recommended additional work to determine what effect this has for the social and economic well-being of suspended drivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Joyce NR, Pfeiffer MR, Zullo AR .
Individual and geographic variation in driver's license suspensions: evidence of disparities by race, ethnicity and income.
J Transp Health 2020 Dec;19. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100933..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Social Determinants of Health
Brewster AL, Fraze TK, Gottlieb LM
The role of value-based payment in promoting innovation to address social risks: a cross-sectional study of social risk screening by US physicians.
The authors studied the conditions under which value-based payment will encourage health care providers to innovate to address upstream social risks. Their results indicated that implementation of social risk screening was not associated with overall exposure to value-based payment for physician practices. They recommended expanding social risk screening in order to reduce the level of innovative capacity required.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Brewster AL, Fraze TK, Gottlieb LM .
The role of value-based payment in promoting innovation to address social risks: a cross-sectional study of social risk screening by US physicians.
Milbank Q 2020 Dec;98(4):1114-33. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.12480..
Keywords: Payment, Social Determinants of Health, Practice Patterns, Vulnerable Populations, Screening, Risk, Nutrition
Leifheit KM, Schwartz GL, Pollack CE
Severe housing insecurity during pregnancy: association with adverse birth and infant outcomes.
This study measured the association of severe housing insecurity with adverse birth and infant outcomes. Data was analyzed from 3248 mother-infant dyads enrolled in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. This prospective cohort study represented births in 20 large U.S. cities from 1998 to 2000. Severe housing insecurity was defined as threatened eviction or homelessness. Adverse outcomes included low birth weight and/or preterm birth, admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or stepdown facility, extended hospitalization after delivery, and infant health and temperament. There were statistically significant associations found between severe housing insecurity during pregnancy and low birth weight and/or preterm births. Housing insecurity and infant fair or poor health and poor temperament were not found to have statistically significant associations. Population attributable fraction (PAF) estimates suggested that up to 3% of adverse birth and infant outcomes could be avoided by eliminating severe housing insecurity among low-income, pregnant women.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Leifheit KM, Schwartz GL, Pollack CE .
Severe housing insecurity during pregnancy: association with adverse birth and infant outcomes.
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Nov 21;17(22):8659. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228659..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, Vulnerable Populations, Outcomes, Adverse Events, Women, Low-Income, Newborns/Infants
Chambers EC, Heller C, Fiori K
Chronic pediatric health conditions among youth living in public housing and receiving care in a large hospital system in Bronx, NY.
This study compared the prevalence of chronic pediatric health conditions for youth in public housing with youth not in public housing using clinical electronic health record (EHR) and housing data. Findings showed that disparities in health conditions among youth in public housing were more common in early adolescence: asthma, obesity, depression/anxiety, and behavioral disorders. Chronic pediatric conditions like asthma and obesity that lead to significant morbidity into adulthood are more common among youth living in public housing; however, this pattern is not consistent across all chronic conditions.
AHRQ-funded; HS026396.
Citation: Chambers EC, Heller C, Fiori K .
Chronic pediatric health conditions among youth living in public housing and receiving care in a large hospital system in Bronx, NY.
Glob Pediatr Health 2020 Nov 11;7:2333794x20971164. doi: 10.1177/2333794x20971164..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vulnerable Populations, Chronic Conditions, Urban Health
Rosenberg J, Rosenthal MS, Cramer LD
Disparities in mental and behavioral health treatment for children and youth in immigrant families.
Children and youth in immigrant families (CIF)-children and youth with at least one foreign-born parent-face unique psychosocial stressors. Yet little is known about access to mental/behavioral health (MBH) services for CIF. Among US CIF and non-CIF with MBH problems, the authors assessed access to MBH treatment using the National Survey of Children's Health-2016, a nationally-representative survey of predominantly English- or Spanish-speaking US parents.
AHRQ-funded; HS024332.
Citation: Rosenberg J, Rosenthal MS, Cramer LD .
Disparities in mental and behavioral health treatment for children and youth in immigrant families.
Acad Pediatr 2020 Nov-Dec;20(8):1148-56. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.013..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations, Access to Care
Dir AL, Clifton RL
Patterns of drug screen results and court-ordered substance use treatment referrals and completion among justice-involved youth
This study examined court records of drug screens among youth to explore patterns of substance use as well as rates of court-ordered referral to substance use treatment and treatment completion. Of the studied youth with a positive oral drug screen, 96% tested positive for cannabis and 9.8% for opioids at least once; 48.5% were court-ordered to substance use treatment. Of those referred, 67% had history of completing at least one treatment episode. These results underscore the need to utilize objective measures as well as validated self-reports of substance use history in both research and justice system decision-making to aid in identifying youth in need of services.
AHRQ-funded; HS022681; HS023318.
Citation: Dir AL, Clifton RL .
Patterns of drug screen results and court-ordered substance use treatment referrals and completion among justice-involved youth
J Subst Abuse Treat 2020 Nov;118:108095. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108095..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Substance Abuse, Screening, Vulnerable Populations
Magee LA, Dir AL, Clifton RL
Patterns of adolescent gun carrying and gun-related crime arrests in Indianapolis, Indiana over an 11-year time period.
This study is a descriptive epidemiology analysis that examines patterns of gun carrying and gun-related crime arrests among justice-involved youth in Marion County, Indiana. Findings indicated that the proportions of juvenile arrests for both gun carrying and gun-related crime have substantially increased compared to ten years ago. The majority of gun-related repeat offenders were first arrested for gun carrying; thus, these gun-carrying arrests may be an opportunity to intervene on an individual level by providing treatment, other needed resources, and discussing safe firearm storage with families and communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS023318; HS022681.
Citation: Magee LA, Dir AL, Clifton RL .
Patterns of adolescent gun carrying and gun-related crime arrests in Indianapolis, Indiana over an 11-year time period.
Prev Med 2020 Oct;139:106199. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106199..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vulnerable Populations, Prevention
Lara OD, O'Cearbhaill RE, Smith MJ
COVID-19 outcomes of patients with gynecologic cancer in New York City.
Researchers studied clinical characteristics and outcomes of vulnerable populations with gynecologic cancer who developed COVID-19 infections. Among patients from six New York City area hospital systems with known gynecologic cancer and a COVID-19 diagnosis, the researchers found a case fatality rate of 14 percent, with no association between cytotoxic chemotherapy and cancer-directed surgery and COVID-19 severity or death. They recommended that patients be counseled regarding the safety of continued anticancer treatments during the pandemic, as the ability to continue cancer therapies for cancer control and cure is critical.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation: Lara OD, O'Cearbhaill RE, Smith MJ .
COVID-19 outcomes of patients with gynecologic cancer in New York City.
Cancer 2020 Oct 1;126(19):4294-303. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33084..
Keywords: COVID-19, Respiratory Conditions, Cancer, Women, Vulnerable Populations, Outcomes, Urban Health
Vasan A, Morgan JW, Mitra N
Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: a pooled analysis of three clinical trials.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a standardized community health worker (CHW) intervention on hospitalization. The investigators concluded that data from three randomized clinical trials across multiple settings showed that a standardized CHW intervention reduced total hospital days and hospitalizations outside the primary health system. They indicated that this study was the largest analysis of randomized trials to demonstrate reductions in hospitalization with a health system-based social intervention.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Vasan A, Morgan JW, Mitra N .
Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: a pooled analysis of three clinical trials.
Health Serv Res 2020 Oct;55(Suppl 2):894-901. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13321..
Keywords: Hospitalization, Chronic Conditions, Vulnerable Populations, Social Determinants of Health, Community-Based Practice
Chaiyachati BH, Wood JN, Mitra N
All-cause mortality among children in the US foster care system, 2003-2016.
This letter provides data from a cross-sectional analysis of the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System on mortality rates among children in the US foster care system compared to the general population. The rate was found to be significantly higher for children in foster care (35.4 deaths per 100,000 person-years vs 25.0 for the general population). The highest mortality rates were among African-American children at 43.8 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Older children ages 15-18 had the highest mortality rate per years. Two major limitations of the analysis are that children in foster care are unable to be excluded from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data file, and more deaths in foster care were excluded relative to person-years in foster care because of incomplete demographic data.
AHRQ-funded; HS026372.
Citation: Chaiyachati BH, Wood JN, Mitra N .
All-cause mortality among children in the US foster care system, 2003-2016.
JAMA Pediatr 2020 Sep;174(9):896-98. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0715..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vulnerable Populations, Mortality
Rael CT, Giguere R, Lopez-Rios J
Transgender women's experiences using a home HIV-testing kit for partner-testing.
HIV partner-testing (PT) may represent a unique and empowering HIV prevention strategy for groups that face structural and institutional barriers to HIV testing and care, including transgender women. In this study, the investigators reported on in-depth interviews (IDIs) with transgender women who used HIV self-test kits for three months to screen potential sexual partners in a randomized controlled trial that took place in New York City and San Juan, Puerto Rico.
AHRQ-funded; HS026383.
Citation: Rael CT, Giguere R, Lopez-Rios J .
Transgender women's experiences using a home HIV-testing kit for partner-testing.
AIDS Behav 2020 Sep;24(9):2732-41. doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02829-x..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Prevention, Vulnerable Populations, Women, Patient Experience, Screening
Arana-Chicas E, Kioumarsi A, Carroll-Scott A
Barriers and facilitators to mammography among women with intellectual disabilities: a qualitative approach.
The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine barriers and facilitators to mammography among women with intellectual disabilities. During 2015-2016 the researchers administered in-depth interviews with 30 women with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers in Philadelphia. The study found additional evidence supporting prior research on barriers to mammography among women with intellectual disabilities as well as novel barriers (e.g., lack of awareness of breast ultrasound, sedation failing to work, and lack of mammogram education) and novel facilitators (e.g., extended family support and positive attitudes.) The researchers concluded that the study results support the need to address barriers and focus on facilitators to improve the mammography experience in women with intellectual disabilities.
AHRQ-funded; HS023966.
Citation: Arana-Chicas E, Kioumarsi A, Carroll-Scott A .
Barriers and facilitators to mammography among women with intellectual disabilities: a qualitative approach.
Disabil Soc 2020;35(8):1290-314. doi: 10.1080/09687599.2019.1680348..
Keywords: Women, Disabilities, Vulnerable Populations, Screening, Prevention, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Imaging
Wisk LE, Magane KM, Levy S
Alcohol use behaviors and reasons to abstain from or limit drinking among medically vulnerable youth.
Youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMC) use alcohol at levels similar to their healthy peers but face elevated risk for adverse health consequences. As salient reasons to abstain from or limit drinking (RALD) among YCMC are unknown, the investigators sought to identify clusters of RALD and test associations with use behaviors. The investigators concluded that for YCMC, RALD were complex but endorsement of multiple general and health-related RALD was associated with less use, and health concerns are especially prevalent.
AHRQ-funded; HS022986.
Citation: Wisk LE, Magane KM, Levy S .
Alcohol use behaviors and reasons to abstain from or limit drinking among medically vulnerable youth.
J Addict Med 2020 Jul/Aug;14(4):311-18. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000603..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Alcohol Use, Behavioral Health, Vulnerable Populations, Substance Abuse
Luk JW, Parker EO, Richardson LP
Sexual attraction and experiences in the primary care setting: examining disparities in satisfaction with provider and health self-efficacy.
This study examines whether sexual minority adolescents report lower satisfaction with primary care providers and lower health self-efficacy compared to heterosexual males and females. Data from 535 adolescents who participated in one of two randomized clinical trials were analyzed. Both sets of adolescents reported high satisfaction with providers. Relative to heterosexual males, sexual minority males reported lower self-efficacy in reaching health goals. Sexual minority females reported lower confidence in positively impacting their own health and lower self-efficacy in setting health goals compared to heterosexual females.
AHRQ-funded; HS023383.
Citation: Luk JW, Parker EO, Richardson LP .
Sexual attraction and experiences in the primary care setting: examining disparities in satisfaction with provider and health self-efficacy.
J Adolesc 2020 Jun;81:96-100. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.04.009..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Patient Experience, Primary Care, Clinician-Patient Communication, Vulnerable Populations, Disparities