National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Ambulatory Care and Surgery (1)
- Antibiotics (8)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (5)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Clostridium difficile Infections (2)
- Community-Acquired Infections (1)
- Diagnostic Safety and Quality (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (1)
- Guidelines (1)
- (-) Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (9)
- Hospitals (1)
- (-) Infectious Diseases (9)
- Long-Term Care (1)
- (-) Medication (9)
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2)
- Nursing Homes (1)
- Patient Safety (2)
- Pneumonia (1)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- Prevention (2)
- Surgery (1)
- Treatments (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 9 of 9 Research Studies DisplayedPatel P, Deshpande A, Yu PC
Association of fluoroquinolones or cephalosporin plus macrolide with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) after treatment for community-acquired pneumonia.
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between the antibiotic regimens of empiric therapy with a respiratory fluoroquinolone or cephalosporin plus macrolide combination and the development of hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The researchers used data from 638 United States hospitals and included adults admitted with pneumonia and discharged from July 2010 through June 2015 with a pneumonia diagnosis code who received 3 or more days of either antibiotic regimen. The study sample included 58,060 patients treated with either cephalosporin plus macrolide (36,796 patients) or a fluoroquinolone alone (21,264 patients). 0.35% of patients who received cephalosporin plus macrolide and 0.31% who received a fluoroquinolone developed CDI, making CDI risks similar for fluoroquinolones versus cephalosporin plus macrolide.
AHRQ-funded; HS024277.
Citation: Patel P, Deshpande A, Yu PC .
Association of fluoroquinolones or cephalosporin plus macrolide with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) after treatment for community-acquired pneumonia.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023 Jan; 44(1):47-54. doi: 10.1017/ice.2022.60..
Keywords: Pneumonia, Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medication, Infectious Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections
Bowman JA, Utter GH
Evolving strategies to manage Clostridium difficile colitis.
The authors discuss Clostridium difficile infection and diagnostic methods and treatment strategies evolved in recent years. They indicate that oral or enteral vancomycin is now preferred for first-line antimicrobial treatment across the disease spectrum, including mild to moderate initial cases. Further, fidaxomicin, bezlotoxumab, and fecal microbiota transplantation expand the therapeutic armamentarium, with operative treatment being reserved for patients with fulminant infection. They add that early identification of patients who would benefit from an operation remains a challenge.
AHRQ-funded; HS022236.5rf2c
Citation: Bowman JA, Utter GH .
Evolving strategies to manage Clostridium difficile colitis.
J Gastrointest Surg 2020 Feb;24(2):484-91. doi: 10.1007/s11605-019-04478-5..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Infectious Diseases, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Antibiotics, Medication, Treatments
Chiotos K, Rock C, Schweizer ML
Current infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship program practices: a survey of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN).
This survey compares results with a similar 2013 survey that characterizes contemporary infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship program practices across 64 healthcare facilities. There was decreased frequency of active surveillance for MRSA, frequent active surveillance for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and increased support for antibiotic stewardship programs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026393.
Citation: Chiotos K, Rock C, Schweizer ML .
Current infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship program practices: a survey of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN).
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Sep;40(9):1046-49. doi: 10.1017/ice.2019.172.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Practice Patterns
Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
This retrospective observational study looked at pediatric clinical cultures between 2005 and 2017 that grew Staphylococcus aureus culture and their trends in antibiotic resistance. Methicillin resistance declined but clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance increased significantly.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Voskertchian A, Tamma PD .
Increasing clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Sep 25;8(4):351-53. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy062..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Antibiotics, Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Anderson DJ, Watson S, Moehring RW
Feasibility of core antimicrobial stewardship interventions in community hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and results of implementing 2 core stewardship intervention strategies in community hospitals. The two antimicrobial stewardship strategies targeted vancomycin hydrochloride, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the antipseudomonal carbapenems on formulary at the study hospitals: (1) modified preauthorization (PA), in which the prescriber had to receive pharmacist approval for continued use of the antibiotic after the first dose, and (2) postprescription audit and review (PPR), in which the pharmacist would engage the prescriber about antibiotic appropriateness after 72 hours of therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Anderson DJ, Watson S, Moehring RW .
Feasibility of core antimicrobial stewardship interventions in community hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and results of implementing 2 core stewardship intervention strategies in community hospitals. The two antimicrobial stewardship strategies targeted vancomycin hydrochloride, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the antipseudomonal carbapenems on formulary at the study hospitals: (1) modified preauthorization (PA), in which the prescriber had to receive pharmacist approval for continued use of the antibiotic after the first dose, and (2) postprescription audit and review (PPR), in which the pharmacist would engage the prescriber about antibiotic appropriateness after 72 hours of therapy..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety
Schneider JG, Wood JB, Schmitt BH
Susceptibility Provision Enhances Effective De-escalation (SPEED): utilizing rapid phenotypic susceptibility testing in Gram-negative bloodstream infections and its potential clinical impact.
In this study, the investigators evaluated the performance and time to result for pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of the Accelerate Pheno system (AXDX) compared with standard of care (SOC) methods. They also assessed the hypothetical improvement in antibiotic utilization if AXDX had been implemented. The authors indicated that by providing fast and reliable ID and AST results, AXDX has the potential to improve antimicrobial utilization and enhance antimicrobial stewardship.
AHRQ-funded; HS026390.
Citation: Schneider JG, Wood JB, Schmitt BH .
Susceptibility Provision Enhances Effective De-escalation (SPEED): utilizing rapid phenotypic susceptibility testing in Gram-negative bloodstream infections and its potential clinical impact.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2019 Jan;74(Suppl 1):i16-i23. doi: 10.1093/jac/dky531..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Antibiotics, Medication, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Johnson SP, Zhong L, Chung KC
Perioperative antibiotics for clean hand surgery: a national study.
This research is a national study on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in soft tissue hand surgery when antimicrobials are not indicated. Insurance claims from the Truven MarketScan Databases were used to identify patients who had 1 of 5 outpatient surgery procedures including: open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release; trigger finger release; de Ouervain release, and wrist ganglion excision between 2009 and 2015. An increase of 72.5% in prophylactic intravenous antibiotics was shown from 2009 to 2015. Patients with a younger age, male sex, lower income, or obesity had higher odds of receiving antibiotics. Total charge for these antibiotics equaled $1.6 million.
AHRQ-funded; HS023313.
Citation: Johnson SP, Zhong L, Chung KC .
Perioperative antibiotics for clean hand surgery: a national study.
J Hand Surg Am 2018 May;43(5):407-16.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.11.018..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety, Surgery
Jump RLP, Crnich CJ, Mody L
Infectious diseases in older adults of long-term care facilities: update on approach to diagnosis and management.
The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases in older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), particularly nursing facilities, remains a challenge for all health providers who care for this population. This review provides updated information on the currently most important challenges of infectious diseases in LTCFs. With the increasing prescribing of antibiotics in older adults, particularly in LTCFs, the topic of antibiotic stewardship is presented in this review.
AHRQ-funded; HS022465.
Citation: Jump RLP, Crnich CJ, Mody L .
Infectious diseases in older adults of long-term care facilities: update on approach to diagnosis and management.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2018 Apr;66(4):789-803. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15248.
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Keywords: Elderly, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
The researchers hypothesized that targeting patients receiving antimicrobial treatment would more effectively reduce transmission and acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and further that environmental contamination plays a role in the dissemination of MDRO in the dialysis unit. They found that reducing antimicrobial treatment markedly reduces overall colonization rates and also the levels of environmental contamination in the dialysis unit. They suggested that improving the environmental decontamination efficacy between patient dialysis treatments as an effective method for reducing colonization and contamination rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021666.
Citation: Wares JR, Lawson B, Shemin D .
Evaluating infection prevention strategies in out-patient dialysis units using agent-based modeling.
PLoS One 2016 May 19;11(5):e0153820. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153820.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Prevention, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Infectious Diseases