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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 41 Research Studies DisplayedWirth AN, Cushman NA, Reilley BA
Evaluation of treatment access and scope of a multistate hepatitis C virus Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes telehealth service in the US Indian Health System, 2017-2021.
Researchers evaluated the extent to which Indian Country Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) telehealth clinics increase access to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment and serve American Indians/Alaska Native (AI/AN) patients holistically. They conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of Indian Country ECHO treatment recommendations from 2017 to 2021. Most patients received recommendations for HCV treatment by their primary care providers, along with recommendations beyond the scope of HCV. The researchers concluded that Indian Country ECHO telehealth clinic provided comprehensive recommendations to effectively integrate evidence-based HCV treatment with holistic care at the primary care level.
AHRQ-funded; HS026370.
Citation: Wirth AN, Cushman NA, Reilley BA .
Evaluation of treatment access and scope of a multistate hepatitis C virus Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes telehealth service in the US Indian Health System, 2017-2021.
J Rural Health 2023 Mar;39(2):358-66. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12733.
Keywords: Hepatitis, Access to Care, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Community-Based Practice, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Chronic Conditions
Auty SG, Griffith KN, Shafer PR
Improving access to high-value, high-cost medicines: the use of subscription models to treat hepatitis C using direct acting antivirals in the United States.
This paper discusses the use of state-sponsored subscription models to support increased access to high-value medications such as direct acting antivirals (DAAs) which can cure chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The authors discuss the use of subscription models, a type of advanced purchase commitment (APC), to support increased access to high-value DAAs to treat HCV. They provide background information on HCV, its treatment, and state financing of prescription medications. They review the implementation of HCV subscription models in two states, Louisiana and Washington, and early evidence of their impact, as DAAs can cost upwards of $90,000 for treatment course.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Auty SG, Griffith KN, Shafer PR .
Improving access to high-value, high-cost medicines: the use of subscription models to treat hepatitis C using direct acting antivirals in the United States.
J Health Polit Policy Law 2022 Dec 1;47(6):691-708. doi: 10.1215/03616878-10041121..
Keywords: Hepatitis, Medication, Chronic Conditions, Access to Care
Clements KM, Kunte PS, Clark MA
Uptake of hepatitis C virus treatment in a multi-state Medicaid population, 2013-2017.
The purpose of this study was to explore trends in the direct acting antiviral (DAA) uptake in a multi-state Medicaid population with hepatitis C virus (HCV) prior to and after ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) approval and changes in prior authorization (PA) requirements. The researchers analyzed annual enrollment, medical, and pharmacy claims for 38,302 to 45,005 people per year in four states, between December 2013 and December 2017. The study found that uptake increased from 0.34% per month in October 2014 to 0.70% per month after LDV/SOF approval and increased relative to the pre-LDV/SOV trend through June 2016. Uptake increased to 1.18% per month after PA change and remained static through 2017. In plans with few or no requirements through 2017, uptake increased to 1.19% per month after LDV/SOF approval and remained static through 2017, with 22.2% cumulatively treated. Among plans that lifted PA requirements from three to zero in mid-2016, uptake did not increase after LDV/SOF approval but did increase to 1.41% per month after PA change, with 18.1% cumulatively treated. The researchers concluded that LDV/SOF approval and lifting PA requirements led to an increase in uptake followed by static monthly utilization, and HCV treatment increased through 2017.
AHRQ-funded; HS025717.
Citation: Clements KM, Kunte PS, Clark MA .
Uptake of hepatitis C virus treatment in a multi-state Medicaid population, 2013-2017.
Health Serv Res 2022 Dec;57(6):1312-20. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13994..
Keywords: Hepatitis, Medicaid, Infectious Diseases, Healthcare Utilization
Yakovchenko V, Morgan TR, Chinman MJ
Mapping the road to elimination: a 5-year evaluation of implementation strategies associated with hepatitis C treatment in the Veterans Health Administration.
While few countries and healthcare systems are on track to meet the World Health Organization's hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination goals, the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has been a leader in these efforts. In this study the investigators aimed to determine which implementation strategies were associated with successful national viral elimination implementation within the VHA. They conducted a five-year, longitudinal cohort study of the VHA Hepatic Innovation Team (HIT) Collaborative between October 2015 and September 2019.
AHRQ-funded; HS019461.
Citation: Yakovchenko V, Morgan TR, Chinman MJ .
Mapping the road to elimination: a 5-year evaluation of implementation strategies associated with hepatitis C treatment in the Veterans Health Administration.
BMC Health Serv Res 2021 Dec 18;21(1):1348. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07312-4..
Keywords: Hepatitis, Chronic Conditions
Auty SG, Shafer PR, Dusetzina SB
Association of Medicaid managed care drug carve outs with hepatitis C virus prescription use.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between Medicaid-covered Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) medication fills and Medicaid managed care organization (MCO) carve outs of direct-acting antiviral HCV medications. The researchers assessed changes in fills of Medicaid-covered direct-acting antiviral HCV medications in 4 states (Indiana, Michigan, New Hampshire, and West Virginia) that carved out these drugs from Medicaid MCOs between 2015 and 2017. The study found that carve outs were associated with a mean quarterly increase of 22.1 HCV prescriptions per 100 000 Medicaid enrollees. This was a relative increase of 86.3% compared with synthetic control states. Compared with each state's respective synthetic control, HCV prescription fills were associated with an increase of 11.5 HCV prescription fills per 100 000 Medicaid enrollees per quarter in Indiana, 36.6 in Michigan, 20.7 in West Virginia, and 43.6 in New Hampshire. The researchers concluded that carve outs of direct-acting antiviral HCV medications from Medicaid MCO prescription drug coverage were associated with significant increases in HCV medication use.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Auty SG, Shafer PR, Dusetzina SB .
Association of Medicaid managed care drug carve outs with hepatitis C virus prescription use.
JAMA Health Forum 2021 Aug;2(8):e212285. 2021/08/27. doi: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.2285..
Keywords: Medicaid, Hepatitis, Chronic Conditions, Medication
Wurcel AG, Reyes J, Zubiago J
"I'm not gonna be able to do anything about it, then what's the point?": A broad group of stakeholders identify barriers and facilitators to HCV testing in a Massachusetts jail.
Despite national guidelines promoting hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing in prisons, there is substantial heterogeneity on the implementation of HCV testing in jails. IN this study, the investigators sought to better understand barriers and opportunities for HCV testing by interviewing a broad group of stakeholders involved in HCV testing and treatment policies and procedures in Massachusetts jails.
AHRQ-funded; HS026008.
Citation: Wurcel AG, Reyes J, Zubiago J .
"I'm not gonna be able to do anything about it, then what's the point?": A broad group of stakeholders identify barriers and facilitators to HCV testing in a Massachusetts jail.
PLoS One 2021 May 26;16(5):e0250901. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250901..
Keywords: Hepatitis, Vulnerable Populations, Screening, Prevention, Public Health, Social Stigma
Mabry-Hernandez I, O'Dowd N
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in adolescents and adults.
This AHRQ-authored Putting Prevention Into Practice (PPIP) quiz is on the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation. Only three questions are included with the answers at the end of the quiz. The questions are about 1) When to screen for HBV; 2) Who are the high-risk groups for HBV; and 3) Which country has the highest prevalence of HBV infection.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, O'Dowd N .
Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in adolescents and adults.
Am Fam Physician 2021 Apr 15;103(8):493-94..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Hepatitis, Screening, Prevention, Case Study
Tsui JI, Akosile MA, Lapham GT
Prevalence and medication treatment of opioid use disorder among primary care patients with hepatitis C and HIV.
Hepatitis C and HIV are associated with opioid use disorders (OUD) and injection drug use. Medications for OUD can prevent the spread of HCV and HIV. The objective of this retrospective observational cohort study was to describe the prevalence of documented OUD, as well as receipt of office-based medication treatment, among primary care patients with HCV or HIV.
AHRQ-funded; HS026369.
Citation: Tsui JI, Akosile MA, Lapham GT .
Prevalence and medication treatment of opioid use disorder among primary care patients with hepatitis C and HIV.
J Gen Intern Med 2021 Apr;36(4):930-37. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06389-7..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Hepatitis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Primary Care
Kemme S, Stahl M, Brigham D
Outcomes of severe seronegative hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia: a pediatric case series.
Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) is a potentially life-threatening diagnosis without clear treatment guidelines. The goal of the study was to characterize the presentation, evaluation, histopathology, and outcomes of therapy in children with HAAA to guide future research and to develop standardized care guidelines for this rare disease. The investigators found that ATG-based IST induced remission of hepatitis in patients with steroid-refractory HAAA.
AHRQ-funded; HS026510.
Citation: Kemme S, Stahl M, Brigham D .
Outcomes of severe seronegative hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia: a pediatric case series.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021 Feb;72(2):194-201. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002940..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Hepatitis, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Chou R, Blazina I, Bougatsos C
Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in nonpregnant adolescents and adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The authors updated the 2014 hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening review in nonpregnant adolescents and adults to inform the USPSTF. They found no direct evidence for the clinical benefits and harms of HBV screening vs no screening. Antiviral therapy for HBV infection was associated with improved intermediate outcomes and may improve clinical outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: Chou R, Blazina I, Bougatsos C .
Screening for hepatitis B virus infection in nonpregnant adolescents and adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2020 Dec 15;324(23):2423-36. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.19750..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Hepatitis, Chronic Conditions, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Chabra S, Hofstetter AM
Timely hepatitis B birth dose receipt for newborns: within 24 hours.
In this paper, the authors discuss the importance of timely administration of the hepatitis B birth dose to achieve the national goal of zero perinatal hepatitis B transmission in the near future. They state that the necessity of capturing vaccination opportunities in diverse health care settings is clearly evident during the coronavirus pandemic.
AHRQ-funded; HS025470.
Citation: Chabra S, Hofstetter AM .
Timely hepatitis B birth dose receipt for newborns: within 24 hours.
Hosp Pediatr 2020 Dec;10(12):e18-e20. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-001255..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Hepatitis, Vaccination
Edwards GC, Shipe ME, Smith L
Exploring patient willingness to accept hepatitis C-infected kidneys for transplantation.
The objective of this study was to explore patient willingness to accept a kidney from Hepatitis C virus-infected donors compared to donors with active intravenous drug use and donors with longstanding diabetes and hypertension. Using electronic surveys, results showed that utilization of kidneys from Hepatitis C virus-infected donors to expand the donor pool appeared to be an acceptable option to patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Edwards GC, Shipe ME, Smith L .
Exploring patient willingness to accept hepatitis C-infected kidneys for transplantation.
BMC Nephrol 2020 Nov 10;21(1):473. doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-02114-y..
Keywords: Hepatitis, Kidney Disease and Health, Transplantation
Kolak MA, Chen YT, Joyce S
Rural risk environments, opioid-related overdose, and infectious diseases: a multidimensional, spatial perspective.
The authors adapted a risk environment framework to characterize rural southern Illinois and to describe the relations of risk environments, opioid-related overdose, HIV, Hepatitis C, and sexually transmitted infection rates between 2015 and 2017. They identified pervasive risk hotspots in more populated locales with higher rates of overdose and HCV incidence, whereas emerging risk areas were isolated to more rural locales that had experienced an increase in analgesic opiate overdoses and generally lacked harm-reduction resources. They also found that at-risk areas were characterized with underlying socioeconomic vulnerability but in differing ways, reflecting a nuanced and shifting structural risk landscape.
AHRQ-funded; HS022433.
Citation: Kolak MA, Chen YT, Joyce S .
Rural risk environments, opioid-related overdose, and infectious diseases: a multidimensional, spatial perspective.
Int J Drug Policy 2020 Nov;85:102727. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102727..
Keywords: Rural Health, Opioids, Substance Abuse, Medication, Hepatitis, Risk, Behavioral Health
Mabry-Hernandez I, Yan LD
AHRQ Author: Mabry-Hernandez I
Screening for hepatitis B virus in pregnant women.
This case study involves a 33-year-old U.S.-born pregnant clinician presenting for a first prenatal visit. She was pregnant once, more than two years ago; at that time she screened negative for the hepatitis B virus (HBV). She reports that she received an HBV vaccination one year ago during a work-related physical examination.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Mabry-Hernandez I, Yan LD .
Screening for hepatitis B virus in pregnant women.
Am Fam Physician 2020 Jan 15;101(2):115-16..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Hepatitis, Pregnancy, Women, Maternal Care, Screening, Pregnancy, Case Study
Chou R, Dana T, Fu R
Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adolescents and adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500009I.
Citation: Chou R, Dana T, Fu R .
Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adolescents and adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
JAMA 2020 Mar 10;323(10):970-75. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.20788..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Children/Adolescents, Hepatitis, Chronic Conditions, Screening, Evidence-Based Practice, Prevention
Wang D
A comparison of in-person and online training in a statewide clinical education program for dissemination of HIV, HCV and STD clinical evidence.
This study compared in-person and online training for dissemination of clinical evidence of HIV, HCV, and STD. The study used 250 clinicians completing four training courses in dual formats over a three-month period. Online training was the preferred format by clinicians.
AHRQ-funded; HS022057.
Citation: Wang D .
A comparison of in-person and online training in a statewide clinical education program for dissemination of HIV, HCV and STD clinical evidence.
Stud Health Technol Inform 2019 Aug 21;264:2003-04. doi: 10.3233/shti190756..
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis, Sexual Health, Evidence-Based Practice, Training, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Henderson JT, Webber EM, Bean SI
Screening for hepatitis B infection in pregnant women: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
In this research letter, the authors described their evidence update conducted to inform the USPSTF in updating its 2009 recommendation. They found that targeted resources are needed to ensure that case management is effectively implemented through health care that reaches vulnerable populations most at risk of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), including women born in countries where HBV is endemic. They concluded that improving access to prenatal care, screening, and case management are among the strategies to help eliminate perinatal HBV infection in the United States.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I.
Citation: Henderson JT, Webber EM, Bean SI .
Screening for hepatitis B infection in pregnant women: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500007I..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Hepatitis, Pregnancy, Prevention, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Women
Rogal SS, Yakovchenko V, Waltz TJ
Longitudinal assessment of the association between implementation strategy use and the uptake of hepatitis C treatment: year 2.
The goal of the evaluation described in this article was to assess how site-level implementation strategies from providers in the VA’s Hepatitis Innovation Team (HIT) Collaborative were associated with hepatitis C (HCV) treatment initiation and how the use of these strategies changed over time. Key HCV providers at each of the 130 VA sites was asked in two consecutive fiscal years to complete an online survey which examined the use of 73 implementation strategies; providers reported on whether or not the use of each implementation strategy was due to the HIT Collaborative. The number of veterans initiating treatment for HCV at each site was captured using national data. The strategies that were more likely to be used in the second year included promoting adaptability, sharing knowledge between sites, tailoring strategies to deliver HCV care, and using mass media. The total number of veterans initiating treatment was positively correlated with the total number of strategies used in both years. The authors conclude that their results suggest the measuring of implementation strategies over time is a useful way to catalog implementation of evidence-based practices over time and over multiple settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS019461.
Citation: Rogal SS, Yakovchenko V, Waltz TJ .
Longitudinal assessment of the association between implementation strategy use and the uptake of hepatitis C treatment: year 2.
Implement Sci 2019 Apr 8;14(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13012-019-0881-7..
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Hepatitis, Implementation
Lo Re VR, Zeldow B, Kallan MJ
Risk of liver decompensation with cumulative use of mitochondrial toxic nucleoside analogues in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection.
This cohort study was conducted to determine if cumulative mitochondrial toxic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (mtNRTI) use increased the risk of hepatic decompensation and death among patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). The findings suggest that cumulative mtNRTI use may increase the risk of hepatic decompensation and death in HIV/HCV coinfection and should be avoided when alternatives exist for HIV/HCV patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS018372.
Citation: Lo Re VR, Zeldow B, Kallan MJ .
Risk of liver decompensation with cumulative use of mitochondrial toxic nucleoside analogues in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2017 Oct;26(10):1172-81. doi: 10.1002/pds.4258..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Hepatitis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Medication, Patient Safety
McMahon BJ, Bruden D, Townsend-Bulson L
Infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 is an independent risk factor for end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death.
The researchers examined the association of 11 risk factors with adverse outcomes in a population-based prospective cohort observational study of Alaska Native/American Indian persons with chronic infection. They found those infected with HCV genotype 3 to be at high risk for end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: McMahon BJ, Bruden D, Townsend-Bulson L .
Infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 is an independent risk factor for end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017 Mar;15(3):431-37.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.10.012.
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Keywords: Hepatitis, Cancer, Kidney Disease and Health, Risk, Mortality
Schmajuk G, Tonner C, Trupin L
Using health-system-wide data to understand hepatitis B virus prophylaxis and reactivation outcomes in patients receiving rituximab.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in the setting of rituximab use is a potentially fatal but preventable safety event. The rate of HBV screening and proportion of patients at risk who receive antiviral prophylaxis in patients initiating rituximab is unknown. This study found wide variations in hepatitis B screening practices among patients receiving rituximab, resulting in unnecessary risks to patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS023558; HS024412.
Citation: Schmajuk G, Tonner C, Trupin L .
Using health-system-wide data to understand hepatitis B virus prophylaxis and reactivation outcomes in patients receiving rituximab.
Medicine 2017 Mar;96(13):e6528. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000006528.
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Keywords: Hepatitis, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Medication, Prevention, Patient Safety
Linas BP, Morgan JR, Pho MT
Cost effectiveness and cost containment in the era of interferon-free therapies to treat hepatitis c virus genotype 1.
This study used Monte Carlo simulation to investigate budgetary impact and cost effectiveness of treatment policies for interferon-free regimens to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 and to identify strategies that balance access with cost control. It found that among noncirrhotic patients, using the least costly interferon-free regimen, even if it is not single tablet or once daily, is the cost-control strategy that results in best outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022433.
Citation: Linas BP, Morgan JR, Pho MT .
Cost effectiveness and cost containment in the era of interferon-free therapies to treat hepatitis c virus genotype 1.
Open Forum Infect Dis 2017 Winter;4(1):ofw266. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofw266.
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Keywords: Hepatitis, Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Costs, Treatments
Saeed MJ, Olsen MA, Powderly WG
Diabetes mellitus is associated with higher risk of developing decompensated cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C patients.
This study investigated the association of diabetes with risk of decompensated cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). In a privately insured US population with CHC, the rates of decompensated cirrhosis per 1000 person-years were: 185.5 for persons with baseline cirrhosis and diabetes, 119.8 for persons with cirrhosis and no diabetes, 35.3 for persons with no cirrhosis and diabetes, and 17.1 for persons with no cirrhosis and no diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Saeed MJ, Olsen MA, Powderly WG .
Diabetes mellitus is associated with higher risk of developing decompensated cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C patients.
J Clin Gastroenterol 2017 Jan;51(1):70-76. doi: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000566.
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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Diabetes, Hepatitis, Risk
Beckman AL, Bilinski A, Boyko R
New hepatitis C drugs are very costly and unavailable to many state prisoners.
This study found that in the forty-one states whose departments of corrections reported data, 106,266 inmates (10 percent of their prisoners) were known to have hepatitis C on or about January 1, 2015. Only 949 of those inmates were being treated. Prices for a twelve-week course of direct-acting antivirals such as sofosbuvir and the combination drug ledipasvir/sofosbuvir varied widely as of September 30, 2015 ($43,418-$84,000 and $44,421-$94,500, respectively).
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Beckman AL, Bilinski A, Boyko R .
New hepatitis C drugs are very costly and unavailable to many state prisoners.
Health Aff 2016 Oct;35(10):1893-901. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0296.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Healthcare Costs, Hepatitis, Medication, Vulnerable Populations
Tetrault JM, Tate JP, Edelman EJ
Hepatic safety of buprenorphine in HIV-Infected and uninfected patients with opioid use disorder: the role of HCV-infection.
The purpose of this paper was to examine risk for buprenorphine (BUP)-associated hepatotoxicity among individuals with HIV and HCV. The authors found that liver enzymes and total bilirubin are rarely elevated in HIV-infected and uninfected patients receiving BUP, and that the risk of hepatotoxicity was greater in individuals infected with HIV, HCV, or HIV/HCV co-infection, who may benefit from increased monitoring.
AHRQ-funded; HS021112; HS018372.
Citation: Tetrault JM, Tate JP, Edelman EJ .
Hepatic safety of buprenorphine in HIV-Infected and uninfected patients with opioid use disorder: the role of HCV-infection.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2016 Sep;68:62-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.06.002.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Hepatitis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Medication, Risk