National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Adverse Events (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedTurner NA, Grambow SC, Woods CW
Epidemiologic trends in Clostridioides difficile infections in a regional community hospital network.
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a leading cause of health care facility-associated infection. A greater understanding of the regional epidemiologic profile of CDI could inform targeted prevention strategies. The objectives of this study was to assess trends in incidence of health care facility-associated and community-acquired CDI among hospitalized patients over time and to conduct a subanalysis of trends in the NAP1 strain of CDI over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Turner NA, Grambow SC, Woods CW .
Epidemiologic trends in Clostridioides difficile infections in a regional community hospital network.
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Oct 2;2(10):e1914149. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14149..
Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Community-Acquired Infections, Infectious Diseases, Hospitals
Sheetz KH, Dimick JB, Englesbe MJ
Hospital-acquired condition reduction program is not associated with additional patient safety improvement.
In 2013 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced that it would begin levying penalties against hospitals with the highest rates of hospital-acquired conditions through the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program. This study evaluates whether the program has been successful in improving patient safety or not. The investigators concluded that the program did not improve patient safety in Michigan beyond existing trends.
AHRQ-funded; HS000053; HS026244.
Citation: Sheetz KH, Dimick JB, Englesbe MJ .
Hospital-acquired condition reduction program is not associated with additional patient safety improvement.
Health Aff 2019 Nov;38(11):1858-65. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05504..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Patient Safety, Provider Performance, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Infectious Diseases, Payment
Chopra V, Kaatz S, Swaminathan L
Variation in use and outcomes related to midline catheters: results from a multicentre pilot study.
This study examined complication rates from placement of midline vascular catheters. They have become more common in use recently. Complications were analyzed using medical records from hospitalized patients in 12 hospitals from January 2017 to February 2018. Most midline catheters were placed in general ward settings for difficult intravenous access. About half were removed within 5 days of insertion. Major or minor complications occurred in 10.3% of midlines with minor complications accounting for 71% of all adverse events. These minor complications included dislodgement, leaking, and infiltration. Major complications included occlusion, upper-extremity DVT and BSI. Use of midlines and outcomes varied widely across hospitals.
AHRQ-funded; HS025891.
Citation: Chopra V, Kaatz S, Swaminathan L .
Variation in use and outcomes related to midline catheters: results from a multicentre pilot study.
BMJ Qual Saf 2019 Sep;28(9):714-20. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008554..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Adverse Events, Practice Patterns, Outcomes, Hospitals
Anderson DJ, Watson S, Moehring RW
Feasibility of core antimicrobial stewardship interventions in community hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and results of implementing 2 core stewardship intervention strategies in community hospitals. The two antimicrobial stewardship strategies targeted vancomycin hydrochloride, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the antipseudomonal carbapenems on formulary at the study hospitals: (1) modified preauthorization (PA), in which the prescriber had to receive pharmacist approval for continued use of the antibiotic after the first dose, and (2) postprescription audit and review (PPR), in which the pharmacist would engage the prescriber about antibiotic appropriateness after 72 hours of therapy.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Anderson DJ, Watson S, Moehring RW .
Feasibility of core antimicrobial stewardship interventions in community hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and results of implementing 2 core stewardship intervention strategies in community hospitals. The two antimicrobial stewardship strategies targeted vancomycin hydrochloride, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the antipseudomonal carbapenems on formulary at the study hospitals: (1) modified preauthorization (PA), in which the prescriber had to receive pharmacist approval for continued use of the antibiotic after the first dose, and (2) postprescription audit and review (PPR), in which the pharmacist would engage the prescriber about antibiotic appropriateness after 72 hours of therapy..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Medication, Patient Safety
Goodman KE, Simner PJ, Klein EY
Predicting probability of perirectal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and other carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) at hospital unit admission.
This study measured the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs), including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenemase-production organisms (CPOs) in the perirectal area in all patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit or solid organ transplant unit at Johns Hopkins Hospital between July 1, 2016 and July 1, 2017. The data was then used to develop models to predict colonization probabilities using decision tree learning. While overall, decision tree models poorly predicted CRO and CPO colonization; for patients with recent CRO-positive cultures who use proton-pump inhibitors the decision tree did accurately identify patients with CRO-positive cultures.
AHRQ-funded; HS025089.
Citation: Goodman KE, Simner PJ, Klein EY .
Predicting probability of perirectal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and other carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) at hospital unit admission.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 May;40(5):541-50. doi: 10.1017/ice.2019.42..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases
Khamash DF, Mongodin EF, White JR
The association between the developing nasal microbiota of hospitalized neonates and Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
This research studied the association between hospitalized neonates who develop Staphylococcus aureus infections and nasal microbiota populations that preceded infection. Nares samples were obtained for neonates who were screened weekly for S. aureus. DNA was extracted and DNA of the bacterias were sequenced. It was found that controls and treated cases had a higher abundance of genes that contributed to the synthesis of natural antimicrobial compounds from several commensal bacterial types.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Khamash DF, Mongodin EF, White JR .
The association between the developing nasal microbiota of hospitalized neonates and Staphylococcus aureus colonization.
Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Apr;6(4):ofz062. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofz062..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitalization, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Newborns/Infants
Leeman H, Cosgrove SE, Williams D
Assessing burden of central line-associated bloodstream infections present on hospital admission.
Investigators described patients presenting to an academic medical center with central line-associated bloodstream infection present on hospital admission over 1 year. Of the 130 admissions, they found that about half presented from home infusion, followed by oncology clinic, hemodialysis, and skilled nursing facility. They concluded that efforts to reduce such infections should address patients across the entire health care system.
AHRQ-funded; HS025782.
Citation: Leeman H, Cosgrove SE, Williams D .
Assessing burden of central line-associated bloodstream infections present on hospital admission.
Am J Infect Control 2020 Feb;48(2):216-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.08.010..
Keywords: Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitalization, Home Healthcare, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases
Pogorzelska-Maziarz M, de Cordova PB, Herzig M, de Cordova PB, Herzig CTA
Perceived impact of state-mandated reporting on infection prevention and control departments.
Currently, most US states have adopted legislation requiring hospitals to submit health care-associated infection (HAI) data. In this study, the authors evaluated the perceived impact of state HAI laws on infection prevention and control (IPC) departments. They concluded that respondents in states with laws reported negative effects on their IPC department, beyond what was required by federal mandates.
AHRQ-funded; HS024339.
Citation: Pogorzelska-Maziarz M, de Cordova PB, Herzig M, de Cordova PB, Herzig CTA .
Perceived impact of state-mandated reporting on infection prevention and control departments.
Am J Infect Control 2019 Feb;47(2):118-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.08.012..
Keywords: Public Reporting, Policy, Public Health, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Hospitals