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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 10 of 10 Research Studies DisplayedPatel SA, Krasnow M, Long K
Excess 30-day heart failure readmissions and mortality in black patients increases with neighborhood deprivation.
Researchers examined whether neighborhood environment modifies the disparity in 30-day heart failure (HF) readmissions and mortality between Black and White patients in the Southeastern United States. They created a geocoded retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized for acute HF from 2010-2018 within Emory Healthcare. They found that excess 30-day HF readmissions and mortality were present among Black patients in every neighborhood strata and increased with progressive neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation.
AHRQ-funded; HS026081.
Citation: Patel SA, Krasnow M, Long K .
Excess 30-day heart failure readmissions and mortality in black patients increases with neighborhood deprivation.
Circ Heart Fail 2020 Dec;13(12):e007947. doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007947..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Hospital Readmissions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Mortality, Social Determinants of Health, Low-Income, Disparities
Joyce NR, Pfeiffer MR, Zullo AR
Individual and geographic variation in driver's license suspensions: evidence of disparities by race, ethnicity and income.
Using data from the New Jersey Safety Health Outcomes data warehouse 2004-2018, the authors compared characteristics of suspended drivers, their residential census tract, as well as access to public transportation and jobs, by reason for the suspension. They found that 91% of license suspensions were for non-driving-related events, with the most common reason for a suspension being failure to pay a fine. Non-driving-related suspended drivers lived in census tracts with a lower household median income, higher proportion of black and Hispanic residents and higher unemployment rates, but also better walkability scores and better access to public transportation and jobs. They recommended additional work to determine what effect this has for the social and economic well-being of suspended drivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Joyce NR, Pfeiffer MR, Zullo AR .
Individual and geographic variation in driver's license suspensions: evidence of disparities by race, ethnicity and income.
J Transp Health 2020 Dec;19. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100933..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Low-Income, Vulnerable Populations, Social Determinants of Health
Althoff KN, Leifheit KM, Park JN
Opioid-related overdose mortality in the era of fentanyl: monitoring a shifting epidemic by person, place, and time.
Investigators described US trends in opioid-related overdose mortality rates by race, age, urbanicity, and opioid type before and after the emergence of fentanyl. Using the CDC’s WONDER database, they found a disproportionate increase in opioid-related overdose deaths among urban non-Hispanic Black Americans and recommended interventions for this population in order to halt the increase in overdose deaths.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Althoff KN, Leifheit KM, Park JN .
Opioid-related overdose mortality in the era of fentanyl: monitoring a shifting epidemic by person, place, and time.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2020 Nov 1;216:108321. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108321..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Substance Abuse, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Social Determinants of Health
Roberts ET, Mehrotra A
Assessment of disparities in digital access among Medicare beneficiaries and implications for telemedicine.
In this study, the investigators examined disparities in digital access (ie, access at home to technology that enables video telemedicine visits) among Medicare beneficiaries by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The investigators concluded that the proportion of beneficiaries who lacked digital access was higher among those with low socioeconomic status, those 85 years or older, and in communities of color.
AHRQ-funded; HS026727.
Citation: Roberts ET, Mehrotra A .
Assessment of disparities in digital access among Medicare beneficiaries and implications for telemedicine.
JAMA Intern Med 2020 Oct;180(10):1386-89. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2666..
Keywords: Elderly, Medicare, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Disparities, Access to Care, Social Determinants of Health, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Jannat-Khah DP, Khodneva Y, Bryant K
Depressive symptoms do not discriminate: racial and economic influences between time-varying depressive symptoms and mortality among REGARDS participants.
This study examined whether time-varying depressive symptoms (TVDS) predict mortality and if racial and income differences moderate the association in a large cohort. The cohort from the REGARDS study was used to look at that determination. The REGARDS study used community-dwelling U.S. adults aged 45 years or older. They found that there was similar and statistically significant differences with white, black, and low-income ($35,000 or less) participants for the association between TVDS and mortality. High-income participants were found to have a lower hazard.
AHRQ-funded; HS025198.
Citation: Jannat-Khah DP, Khodneva Y, Bryant K .
Depressive symptoms do not discriminate: racial and economic influences between time-varying depressive symptoms and mortality among REGARDS participants.
Ann Epidemiol 2020 Jun;46:31-40.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.04.004..
Keywords: Depression, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer, Low-Income, Social Determinants of Health, Mortality
Lee JT, Polsky D, Fitzsimmons R
Proportion of racial minority patients and patients with low socioeconomic status cared for by physician groups after joining accountable care organizations.
The purpose of this study was to test for changes in the percentage of racial minority patients and patients with low socioeconomic status cared for by physician groups after joining an accountable care organization (ACO). This cohort study’s subjects consisted of a 15% random sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries attributed to physician groups. ACO file were used to determine Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) participation. No changes were found in the proportions of vulnerable patients cared for by ACO-participating physician groups after joining an ACO compared with changes among nonparticipating groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS025184.
Citation: Lee JT, Polsky D, Fitzsimmons R .
Proportion of racial minority patients and patients with low socioeconomic status cared for by physician groups after joining accountable care organizations.
JAMA Netw Open 2020 May;3():e204439. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4439.
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Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medicare
Ornelas IJ, Yamanis TJ, Ruiz RA
The health of undocumented Latinx immigrants: what we know and future directions.
This review article summarizes the limited but growing literature on the health of undocumented Latinx immigrations and how exposure to trauma, immigration enforcement, changes to social networks, and discrimination negatively affect their mental and physical health. The authors discuss how policies and social ties can promote their health. They focus on areas of concern and recommend how future research should be conducted.
AHRQ-funded; HS013853.
Citation: Ornelas IJ, Yamanis TJ, Ruiz RA .
The health of undocumented Latinx immigrants: what we know and future directions.
Annu Rev Public Health 2020 Apr 2;41:289-308. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094211..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations, Social Determinants of Health, Policy
Chen DW, Reyes-Gastelum D, Wallner LP
Disparities in risk perception of thyroid cancer recurrence and death.
The authors studied risk perception among survivors of thyroid cancer. Patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries were surveyed and an analytic cohort defined by a 5% or greater risk of disease recurrence and mortality. The authors found that less educated patients and Hispanic patients were more likely to report inaccurate risk perceptions, which were associated with worry and a decreased quality of life.
AHRQ-funded; HS024512.
Citation: Chen DW, Reyes-Gastelum D, Wallner LP .
Disparities in risk perception of thyroid cancer recurrence and death.
Cancer 2020 Apr 1;126(7):1512-21. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32670..
Keywords: Disparities, Cancer, Risk, Quality of Life, Social Determinants of Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Fashaw S, Chisholm L, Mor V
Inappropriate antipsychotic use: the impact of nursing home socioeconomic and racial composition.
Researchers examined how nursing home characteristics, particularly the racial and socioeconomic composition of residents, are associated with the inappropriate use of antipsychotics, using national data from Long-Term Care: Facts on Care. They found an overall decline in the use of antipsychotics. Although findings indicated facilities with higher proportions of blacks had lower inappropriate antipsychotic use, facility-level socioeconomic disparities continued to persist among nursing homes. They recommended that policy interventions focusing on reimbursement be considered to promote reductions in antipsychotic use, specifically among Medicaid-reliant nursing homes.
ARHQ-funded; HS000011.
Citation: Fashaw S, Chisholm L, Mor V .
Inappropriate antipsychotic use: the impact of nursing home socioeconomic and racial composition.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2020 Mar;68(3):630-36. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16316..
Keywords: Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Elderly, Medication, Medication: Safety, Social Determinants of Health, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Garcia RM, Prabhakaran S, Richards CT
Race, socioeconomic status, and gastrostomy after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
This study sought to determine if socioeconomic status among minorities indicates higher or lower use of a gastrostomy tube for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Patients at a single center were enrolled in an observational cohort study from 2010 to 2017. Zip codes were used to impute socioeconomic status. Of the 512 patients, 18.2% underwent gastrostomy tube placement. Blacks had the highest percentage of placement and Whites the lowest. Only with Hispanics was socioeconomic index independently associated with gastrostomy placement and the lower the income, the less likelihood of gastrostomy use.
AHRQ-funded; HS023437.
Citation: Garcia RM, Prabhakaran S, Richards CT .
Race, socioeconomic status, and gastrostomy after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020 Feb;29(2):104567. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104567.
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Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Surgery, Disparities