National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
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- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
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- (-) Children/Adolescents (7)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 7 of 7 Research Studies DisplayedEncinosa W, Moon K, Figueroa J
AHRQ Author: Encinosa W
Complications, adverse drug events, high costs, and disparities in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children vs COVID-19.
This cross-sectional study’s goal was to determine outcomes from multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after COVID-19. Outcomes examined were 50 complications, adverse medication events, costs, and the Social Vulnerability Index. An analysis was conducted using data from the 2021 HCUP in individuals younger than 21 years from 31 states. There were 4107 individuals hospitalized with MIS-C (median age 9 years, 59.5% male, 38.1% White) and 23,686 hospitalizations for COVID-19 without MIS-C (median age 15 years, 54.5% female, 44.1% White). Hospitalization rate for MIS-C was 1.48 per 100,000 children, ranging from 0.97 hospitalizations per 100 for White and 1.99 hospitalizations per 100 for Black children. Outcomes were worse when organ dysfunction increased from 2 to 8 organs, with deaths increasing from less than 1% to 5.8% for MIS-C, and 1% to 17.2% for COVID-19. Median length of stay increased from 4 to 8 days for MIS-C, and 3 to 16 days for COVID-19. Median costs for MIS-C increased from $16,225 to $53 359 and from $6474 to $98,643 for COVID-19. The percentage of MIS-C cases in Black children doubled from 16.2% to 31.7% as organ dysfunction increased, remaining unchanged with COVID-19.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Encinosa W, Moon K, Figueroa J .
Complications, adverse drug events, high costs, and disparities in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children vs COVID-19.
JAMA Netw Open 2023 Jan;6(1):e2244975. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44975..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Healthcare Costs, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Shaker M, Greenhawt M
Providing cost-effective care for food allergy.
This article discusses the cost-effectiveness of food allergy management strategies for children. Screening at-risk infants for peanut allergy in particular carries a risk of overdiagnosis and is not cost-effective. An evidence review of the literature using PubMed showed that cost-effective care could be optimized in minimizing delay in oral food challenges for at-risk patients and for school-age children to epinephrine pens available at reasonable cost.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Shaker M, Greenhawt M .
Providing cost-effective care for food allergy.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019 Sep;123(3):240-48.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.05.015..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Medication, Children/Adolescents
Krah NM, Bardsley T, Nelson R
Economic burden of home antimicrobial therapy: OPAT versus oral therapy.
There is increasing evidence that outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is overused for children and that outcomes with oral therapy are equivalent. The objective of this study was to compare economic burden between OPAT and oral therapy, accounting for direct and indirect costs and caregiver quality of life (QoL). The investigators concluded that the overall burden of OPAT was substantially higher than that of oral therapy, including higher direct and indirect costs and greater impact on caregiver QoL.
AHRQ-funded; HS023320.
Citation: Krah NM, Bardsley T, Nelson R .
Economic burden of home antimicrobial therapy: OPAT versus oral therapy.
Hosp Pediatr 2019 Apr;9(4):234-40. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.201-0193.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Children/Adolescents, Caregiving, Home Healthcare, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication
Shaker M, Verma K, Greenhawt M
The health and economic outcomes of early egg introduction strategies.
This study compared the costs and benefits of early egg introduction (EEI) using simulation and Markov modeling over a 20-year horizon with data from the United States, Europe, and Canada. Per child it was more expensive to provide early screening for all children with early-onset eczema than to have a “wait and see” approach. While there would be more egg allergy diagnosis with early screening, the increased costs were too great compared to the no-screening approach.
Citation: Shaker M, Verma K, Greenhawt M .
The health and economic outcomes of early egg introduction strategies.
Allergy 2018 Nov;73(11):2214-23. doi: 10.1111/all.13565..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Screening, Healthcare Costs, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Medication
Shaker M, Stukus D, Chan ES
"To screen or not to screen": comparing the health and economic benefits of early peanut introduction strategies in five countries.
This study compared the costs and benefits of early peanut introduction (EPI) using data from five countries: US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom. Per child it was more expensive to provide early screening for all children with early-onset eczema and/or egg allergy than to have a “wait and see” approach. While there would be more peanut allergy diagnosis with early screening, the increased costs were too great compared to the no-screening approach.
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Shaker M, Stukus D, Chan ES .
"To screen or not to screen": comparing the health and economic benefits of early peanut introduction strategies in five countries.
Allergy 2018 Aug;73(8):1707-14. doi: 10.1111/all.13446..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Screening, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Healthcare Costs, Medication, Medication
Berger BA, Cossio A, Saravia NG
Cost-effectiveness of meglumine antimoniate versus miltefosine caregiver DOT for the treatment of pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis.
The researchers performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing Miltefosine administered via in-home caregiver Directly Observed Therapy (cDOT) versus injectable meglumine antimoniate (MA) for pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in southwest Colombia. Treatment of pediatric CL miltefosine via cDOT was found to be cost saving from patient and societal perspectives, and moderately more costly from the government payer perspective compared to treatment with MA.
AHRQ-funded; HS022433.
Citation: Berger BA, Cossio A, Saravia NG .
Cost-effectiveness of meglumine antimoniate versus miltefosine caregiver DOT for the treatment of pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Apr 6;11(4):e0005459. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005459.
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Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Healthcare Costs, Medication, Healthcare Costs, Children/Adolescents
Raghavan R, Brown DS, Allaire BT
Medicaid expenditures on psychotropic medications for maltreated children: a study of 36 States.
The authors aimed to quantify the magnitude of Medicaid expenditures incurred in the purchase of psychotropic drugs for children with histories of abuse or neglect. They concluded that Medicaid agencies should focus their cost containment strategies on antidepressants and antimanic drugs, consider expanding primary care case management arrangements, and expand use of instruments such as the Child Behavior Checklist to identify and treat high-need children.
AHRQ-funded; HS020269.
Citation: Raghavan R, Brown DS, Allaire BT .
Medicaid expenditures on psychotropic medications for maltreated children: a study of 36 States.
Psychiatr Serv 2014 Dec;65(12):1445-51. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400028.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Healthcare Costs, Medicaid, Medication, Behavioral Health