National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
176 to 197 of 197 Research Studies DisplayedNaidech AM, Polnaszek KL, Berman MD
Hematoma locations predicting delirium symptoms after intracerebral hemorrhage.
The researchers tested the hypothesis that hematoma location is predictive of delirium symptoms in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Identifying 90 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, they found that acute delirium symptoms were predicted by hematoma of right-hemisphere subcortical white matter and parahippocampal gyrus. The authors concluded that disruption of large-scale brain networks that normally support attention and conscious awareness was thus associated with acute delirium symptoms.
AHRQ-funded; HS023437.
Citation: Naidech AM, Polnaszek KL, Berman MD .
Hematoma locations predicting delirium symptoms after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Neurocrit Care 2016 Jun;24(3):397-403. doi: 10.1007/s12028-015-0210-1.
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Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Quality of Life
Williams RC, Elston RC, Kumar P
Selecting SNPs informative for African, American Indian and European Ancestry: application to the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND).
The researchers studied individual genetic ancestry (IGA) in four samples in the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND). They found that the identified set of ancestry informtive markers (AIMs) may be particularly useful for estimating genetic admixture in populations from the Americas. They concluded that odds ratios for the associations of IGA with disease are consistent with what is known about the incidence and prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in these populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS008365.
Citation: Williams RC, Elston RC, Kumar P .
Selecting SNPs informative for African, American Indian and European Ancestry: application to the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND).
BMC Genomics 2016 May 4;17:325. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2654-x.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Family Health and History, Genetics, Neurological Disorders, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Ladner TR, Greenberg JK, Guerrero N
Chiari malformation type I surgery in pediatric patients. part 1: validation of an ICD-9-CM code search algorithm.
The researchers sought to validate two ICD-9-CM code algorithms using hospital billing data to identify pediatric patients undergoing Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) decompression surgery. They found that an ICD-9-CM algorithm requiring a primary diagnosis of CM-I has excellent positive predictive value and very good sensitivity for identifying CM-I decompression surgery in pediatric patients. They concluded that these results establish a basis for utilizing administrative billing data to assess pediatric CM-I treatment outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Ladner TR, Greenberg JK, Guerrero N .
Chiari malformation type I surgery in pediatric patients. part 1: validation of an ICD-9-CM code search algorithm.
J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016 May;17(5):519-24. doi: 10.3171/2015.10.peds15370.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Surgery
Strom MA, Silverberg JI
Allergic disease is associated with childhood seizures: an analysis of the 1997-2013 National Health Interview Survey.
This study examined a number of bivariate associations with caregiver-reported seizures and allergic disease. The results confirm the results of previous studies that found a positive association between allergic disease and seizures. Hay fever, eczema, and food allergy, but not asthma, are associated with history of seizures in children. Risk of seizures was more strongly associated with increased number of comorbid allergic diseases.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Strom MA, Silverberg JI .
Allergic disease is associated with childhood seizures: an analysis of the 1997-2013 National Health Interview Survey.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016 Mar;137(3):951-3.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.021.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders
Silverberg JI
Association between childhood eczema and headaches: an analysis of 19 US population-based studies.
The researchers sought to determine whether childhood eczema is associated with increased headaches and whether such association is related to fatigue or sleep disturbance. After analyzing national survey data from 401,002 children and adolescents, they found that eczema is associated with increased headaches in childhood, particularly in patients with severe disease accompanied by atopy, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Silverberg JI .
Association between childhood eczema and headaches: an analysis of 19 US population-based studies.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016 Feb;137(2):492-99.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.020.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Sleep Problems, Risk, Skin Conditions
Schlitz NK, Kaiboriboon K, Koroukian SM
Long-term reduction of health care costs and utilization after epilepsy surgery.
This study assessed long-term direct medical costs, health care utilization, and mortality following resective surgery in persons with uncontrolled epilepsy. It found that the mean direct medical cost difference between the surgical group and control group was $6,806 after risk-set matching. The incidence rate ratio of inpatient, emergency room, and outpatient utilization was lower among the surgical group in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses.
AHRQ-funded; HS000059.
Citation: Schlitz NK, Kaiboriboon K, Koroukian SM .
Long-term reduction of health care costs and utilization after epilepsy surgery.
Epilepsia 2016 Feb;57(2):316-24. doi: 10.1111/epi.13280.
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Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Healthcare Utilization, Mortality, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Surgery
Lyons TW, Johnson KB, Michelson KA
Yield of emergent neuroimaging in children with new-onset seizure and status epilepticus.
The purpose of this paper was to determine the yield of emergent neuroimaging among children with new-onset seizures presenting with status epilepticus. The authors found that a substantial minority of children with new-onset seizures presenting with status epilepticus have urgent or emergent intracranial pathology identified on neuroimaging and that magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred imaging modality when available and safe.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Lyons TW, Johnson KB, Michelson KA .
Yield of emergent neuroimaging in children with new-onset seizure and status epilepticus.
Seizure 2016 Feb;35:4-10. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.12.009.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Imaging, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
McDonough CM, Ni P, Coster WJ
Development of an IRT-based short form to assess applied cognitive function in outpatient rehabilitation.
The authors developed a 15-item outpatient rehabilitation self-report short form for the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care Applied Cognition item bank. They concluded that their Applied Cognition outpatient short form demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and provides a bridge to item response theory-based measurement when point-of-care computing is not available.
AHRQ-funded; HS021368.
Citation: McDonough CM, Ni P, Coster WJ .
Development of an IRT-based short form to assess applied cognitive function in outpatient rehabilitation.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2016 Jan;95(1):62-71. doi: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000340.
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Keywords: Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Ambulatory Care and Surgery, Rehabilitation
Gagne JJ, Kesselheim AS, Choudhry NK
Comparative effectiveness of generic versus brand-name antiepileptic medications.
The objective of this study was to compare treatment persistence and rates of seizure-related events in patients who initiate antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy with a generic versus a brand-name product. It concluded that patients who initiated generic AEDs had fewer adverse seizure-related clinical outcomes and longer continuous treatment periods before experiencing a gap than those who initiated brand-name versions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018465.
Citation: Gagne JJ, Kesselheim AS, Choudhry NK .
Comparative effectiveness of generic versus brand-name antiepileptic medications.
Epilepsy Behav 2015 Nov;52(Pt A):14-8. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.08.014.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Medication: Safety, Neurological Disorders, Patient Safety
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ
Headache neuroimaging: routine testing when guidelines recommend against them.
The aim of this article was to determine the patient-level factors associated with headache neuroimaging in outpatient practice. It concluded that neuroimaging is routinely ordered in outpatient headache patients including populations where guidelines specifically recommend against their use (migraines, chronic headaches, no red flags).
AHRQ-funded; HS017690.
Citation: Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ .
Headache neuroimaging: routine testing when guidelines recommend against them.
Cephalalgia 2015 Nov;35(13):1144-52. doi: 10.1177/0333102415572918.
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Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Imaging, Shared Decision Making, Guidelines, Diagnostic Safety and Quality
Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
This study summarized evidence about cognitive outcomes in adults aged 65 years or older at least 3 months after coronary or carotid revascularization, cardiac valve procedures, or ablation for atrial fibrillation. It concluded that intermediate- and long-term cognitive impairment in older adults attributable to the studied cardiovascular procedures may be uncommon.
AHRQ-funded; 2902007100641.
Citation: Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R .
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Jul 21;163(2):107-17. doi: 10.7326/m14-2793..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Surgery
Fan T, Rossi C
AHRQ Author: Fan T
Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.
This case study describes a 72-year-old white man comes the physician’s office for a preventive visit. He does not have any symptoms of dementia but asks whether he should be screened. Based on the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, the authors ask (and answer) three questions concerning approaches to screening for cognitive impairment, risk factors for cognitive impairment or dementia in older adults, and the epidemiology of cognitive impairment in the United States.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Fan T, Rossi C .
Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.
Am Fam Physician 2015 Jul 15;92(2):125-6..
Keywords: Case Study, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Screening, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
Callaghan B, Kerber K, Langa KM
Longitudinal patient-oriented outcomes in neuropathy: importance of early detection and falls.
This study evaluated longitudinal patient-oriented outcomes in peripheral neuropathy over a 14-year time period including time before and after diagnosis. It concluded that, in older persons, differences in falls, pain, and self-rated health can be detected 3–5 years prior to peripheral neuropathy diagnosis, but only falls deteriorate more rapidly over time in neuropathy cases compared to controls.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690; HS022258.
Citation: Callaghan B, Kerber K, Langa KM .
Longitudinal patient-oriented outcomes in neuropathy: importance of early detection and falls.
Neurology 2015 Jul 7;85(1):71-9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001714..
Keywords: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Neurological Disorders, Falls, Elderly, Patient Safety
Storzbach D, O'Neil ME, Roost SM
Comparing the neuropsychological test performance of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans with and without blast exposure, mild traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress symptoms.
The purpose of this paper was to compare neuropsychological test performance of veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), blast exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The authors found that, although some mild neurocognitive effects were associated with blast exposure, these neurocognitive effects might be better explained by PTSD symptom severity rather than blast exposure or MTBI history alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981; HS019456.
Citation: Storzbach D, O'Neil ME, Roost SM .
Comparing the neuropsychological test performance of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans with and without blast exposure, mild traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress symptoms.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2015 May;21(5):353-63. doi: 10.1017/s1355617715000326.
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Keywords: Brain Injury, Behavioral Health, Neurological Disorders
Albrecht JS, Marcantonio ER, Roffey DM
Stability of postoperative delirium psychomotor subtypes in individuals with hip fracture.
This paper's objectives were to determine the stability of psychomotor subtypes of delirium over time and to identify characteristics associated with delirium psychomotor subtypes in individuals undergoing surgical repair of hip fracture. The Transfusion Trigger Trial for Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair Cognitive Ancillary Study was conducted. Results showed that psychomotor subtypes of delirium often fluctuated from assessment to assessment, rather than representing fixed categories of delirium. Hypoactive delirium was the most common presentation of delirium but the least likely to be documented by healthcare providers.
AHRQ-funded; HS021068.
Citation: Albrecht JS, Marcantonio ER, Roffey DM .
Stability of postoperative delirium psychomotor subtypes in individuals with hip fracture.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 May;63(5):970-6. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13334.
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Keywords: Adverse Events, Cardiovascular Conditions, Injuries and Wounds, Neurological Disorders, Surgery
Ott BR, Daiello LA, Dahabreh IJ
Do statins impair cognition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
The researchers aimed to synthesize randomized clinical trial (RCTs) evidence on the association between statin therapy and cognitive outcomes. Their meta-analysis of cognitive test data from 14 studies failed to show significant adverse effects of statins on all tests of cognition in either cognitively normal subjects or Alzheimer’s disease subjects.
AHRQ-funded; HS017735.
Citation: Ott BR, Daiello LA, Dahabreh IJ .
Do statins impair cognition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
J Gen Intern Med 2015 Mar;30(3):348-58. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-3115-3..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Medication, Neurological Disorders, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Burke JF
Headaches and neuroimaging—reply.
The authors of this letter, replying to two letters commenting on their earlier article on headaches and neuroimaging, find that they all share the view that neuroimaging is overused in headache presentations. They also discuss the potential downsides of interventions to reduce use, the impact of medical malpractice on overuse of tests, and the lack of consensus in defining low-value tests.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690
Citation: Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Burke JF .
Headaches and neuroimaging—reply.
JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Feb;175(2):313-4. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7014..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Healthcare Costs, Chronic Conditions, Guidelines
Aspinall SL, Zhao X, Semia TP
Epidemiology of drug-disease interactions in older veteran nursing home residents.
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with potentially inappropriate drug– disease combinations according to the AGS 2012 Beers criteria that are clinically important in elderly adults residing in Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers. It found that drug-disease interactions were common in older residents with dementia or cognitive impairment or a history of falls or hip fracture.
AHRQ-funded; HS018721.
Citation: Aspinall SL, Zhao X, Semia TP .
Epidemiology of drug-disease interactions in older veteran nursing home residents.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Jan;63(1):77-84. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13197..
Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Dementia, Elderly, Falls, Injuries and Wounds, Medication, Medication: Safety, Neurological Disorders, Nursing Homes, Patient Safety
Madubata CC, Olsen MA, Stwalley DL
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and chronic neurological conditions in the United States: an administrative claims analysis.
The researchers’ objective was to assess whether specific neurological conditions occur more frequently in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 versus those without neurofibromatosis type 1. They found that compared with the nonneurofibromatosis group, the neurofibromatosis group had significantly more health insurance claims for epilepsy, Parkinson disease, headache, multiple sclerosis, and sleep disturbances/disorder.
AHRQ-funded; HS019455.
Citation: Madubata CC, Olsen MA, Stwalley DL .
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and chronic neurological conditions in the United States: an administrative claims analysis.
Genet Med 2015 Jan;17(1):36-42. doi: 10.1038/gim.2014.70..
Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Neurological Disorders
Kaiboriboon K, Schiltz NK, Bakaki PM
Premature mortality in poor health and low income adults with epilepsy.
This research study’s objective was to examine mortality and causes of death in socioeconomically disadvantaged persons with epilepsy in the United States. While death from epilepsy-related causes was about 10%, comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, cancer, and unintentional injuries caused 18.4% of deaths. Socioeconomically deprived and Medicaid-insured patients died 17 years prematurely.
Epilepsia. 2014 Nov;55(11):1781-8. doi: 10.1111/epi.12789.
Citation: Kaiboriboon K, Schiltz NK, Bakaki PM .
Premature mortality in poor health and low income adults with epilepsy.
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Keywords: Low-Income, Mortality, Neurological Disorders, Social Determinants of Health
Daniels AH, Daiello LA, Lareau CR
Preoperative cognitive impairment and psychological distress in hospitalized elderly hip fracture patients.
The authors conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) compared with normal cognition (NC) in elderly hip fracture patients 65 years and older. Results showed many patients had unrecognized CI before surgery and had significantly more pain and fear than the NC group.
AHRQ-funded; HS017735
Citation: Daniels AH, Daiello LA, Lareau CR .
Preoperative cognitive impairment and psychological distress in hospitalized elderly hip fracture patients.
Ame J Orthop. 2014 Jul; 43(7):E146-52..
Keywords: Elderly, Injuries and Wounds, Neurological Disorders, Surgery
Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ
Headaches and neuroimaging: high utilization and costs despite guidelines.
Little is known about recent headache neuroimaging utilization, associated expenditures, and temporal trends. Looking at 51.1 million outpatient headache visits over 4 years, this study found that neuroimaging is ordered during 12% of these visits, costs $1 billion annually, and is increasing over time.
AHRQ-funded; HS017690
Citation: Callaghan BC, Kerber KA, Pace RJ .
Headaches and neuroimaging: high utilization and costs despite guidelines.
JAMA Intern Med. 2014 May;174(5):819-21. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.173..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Healthcare Utilization, Guidelines, Healthcare Costs, Chronic Conditions