National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care
Data
- Data Infographics
- Data Visualizations
- Data Tools
- Data Innovations
- All-Payer Claims Database
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)
- Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
- AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics
- State Snapshots
- United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK)
- Data Sources Available from AHRQ
Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Breast Feeding (1)
- Cardiovascular Conditions (1)
- Children/Adolescents (3)
- Chronic Conditions (1)
- Clinical Decision Support (CDS) (1)
- Disabilities (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (3)
- Guidelines (2)
- Health Information Technology (HIT) (1)
- Heart Disease and Health (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Maternal Care (2)
- Medication (1)
- Neurological Disorders (1)
- (-) Newborns/Infants (8)
- (-) Nutrition (8)
- Outcomes (1)
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Respiratory Conditions (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Treatments (1)
- Women (2)
AHRQ Research Studies
Sign up: AHRQ Research Studies Email updates
Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 8 of 8 Research Studies DisplayedTreadwell JR, Kessler SK, Wu M
Pharmacologic and dietary treatments for epilepsies in children aged 1-36 months: a systematic review.
The purpose of this systematic review study was to assess the effectiveness and harms of pharmacologic and dietary treatments for epilepsy in children aged 1-36 months without infantile spasms. The researchers searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for studies published from 1/1/1999 to 8/19/21 to identify studies reporting data on children aged 1-36 months receiving pharmacologic or dietary treatments for epilepsy. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. The study found that Levetiracetam leads to seizure freedom in some infants but the data on 6 other medications (lamotrigine, phenytoin, rufinamide, stiripentol, topiramate, and vigabatrin) were too limited to allow conclusions about their effectiveness. Three medications (lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and topiramate) were rarely discontinued due to adverse effects, and severe events were also rare. In the category of diets, the ketogenic diet lead to seizure freedom in some infants and both the ketogenic diet and modified Atkins diet reduced average seizure frequency.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00002.
Citation: Treadwell JR, Kessler SK, Wu M .
Pharmacologic and dietary treatments for epilepsies in children aged 1-36 months: a systematic review.
Neurology 2023 Jan 3;100(1):e16-e27. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201026..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Newborns/Infants, Medication, Nutrition, Treatments, Evidence-Based Practice
Egan KA, Lo BK, Haneuse S
Associations of maternal consumption of sugary beverages in pregnancy with infant weight status.
Researchers studied mother-infant dyads from a prospective cohort study in order to examine links between maternal consumption of 100% juice and sugar-sweetened beverages in the third trimester of pregnancy with infant weight status at 6 and 12 months. 100% juice consumption was found to be associated with higher infant weight-for-length at 6 months and higher odds of rapid infant weight gain from birth to 6 months and birth to 12 months. 100% juice consumption was not associated with weight-for-length at 12 months and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was not associated with any of the outcome measures.
AHRQ-funded; HS022242.
Citation: Egan KA, Lo BK, Haneuse S .
Associations of maternal consumption of sugary beverages in pregnancy with infant weight status.
Acad Pediatr 2023 Jan-Feb; 23(1):109-16. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.05.007..
Keywords: Pregnancy, Nutrition, Newborns/Infants, Maternal Care, Women
Venkataramani M, Ogunwole SM, Caulfield LE
Maternal, infant, and child health outcomes associated with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: a systematic review.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether WIC participation was associated with improved maternal, neonatal-birth, and infant-child health outcomes or differences in outcomes by subgroups and WIC enrollment duration. Findings showed moderate strength of evidence (SOE) that maternal WIC participation during pregnancy is likely associated with lower risk for preterm birth, low birthweight infants, and infant mortality; low SOE that maternal WIC participation may be associated with a lower likelihood of inadequate gestational weight gain, as well as increased well-child visits and childhood immunizations; and low SOE that child WIC participation may be associated with increased childhood immunizations. Further, findings showed low SOE for differences in some outcomes by race and ethnicity but insufficient evidence for differences by WIC enrollment duration.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00003.
Citation: Venkataramani M, Ogunwole SM, Caulfield LE .
Maternal, infant, and child health outcomes associated with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: a systematic review.
pediatric pediatrics food.
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents, Women, Maternal Care, Outcomes, Nutrition
Ong T, Onchiri FM, Britto MT
Impact of guideline-recommended dietitian assessments on weight gain in infants with cystic fibrosis.
This study’s purpose was to characterize nutrition management for infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) with inadequate weight gain and to assess association of dietitian assessments and center-level weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ). Encounter data from 226 infants was used from across 28 US CF Centers from the Baby Observational Nutritional study between January 2012 through December 2017. The authors identified dietitian assessments and consensus guideline-recommended responses to inadequate weight gain: calorie increases, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) increases, or shortened time to next visit. They compared center assessments by funnel plot and summarized median WAZ by center. Of 2,527 visits, 808 visits had identified inadequate weight gain, distributed in 216 infants. Assessments occurred in 77% of visits but varied widely between centers (range 17% - 98%). They used funnel plot analysis to identify high-performers for frequent dietitian assessments (range 92% - 98%) and 4 under-performers (range 17% - 56%). High-performers treated inadequate weight gain more often with adequate calories (80% vs 52%) and closer follow-up (63% vs 49%) compared to underperformers. Three of 4 high-performing sites met center nutrition goals for positive median WAZ at 2 years old unlike 3 under-performers, despite similar patient characteristics.
AHRQ-funded; HS026393.
Citation: Ong T, Onchiri FM, Britto MT .
Impact of guideline-recommended dietitian assessments on weight gain in infants with cystic fibrosis.
J Cyst Fibros 2022 Jan; 21(1):115-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.08.005..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Respiratory Conditions, Chronic Conditions, Nutrition, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines
Ferguson MC, O'Shea KJ, Hammer LD
The impact of following solid food feeding guides on BMI among infants: a simulation study.
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of following different feeding guidelines on weight trajectories of infants. The study team developed a computational simulation model to capture feeding behaviors, activity levels, metabolism, and body size of infants from 6 months to 1 year old; daily food intake of virtual infants was based on feeding recommendations and translated to changes in body weight. Results identified situations in which infants could reach unhealthy weights, even while following complementary feeding guidelines, suggesting that current recommended portion sizes should be tightened.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Ferguson MC, O'Shea KJ, Hammer LD .
The impact of following solid food feeding guides on BMI among infants: a simulation study.
Am J Prev Med 2019 Sep;57(3):355-64. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.011..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Nutrition, Guidelines
Hoch JM, Fatusin O, Yenokyan G
Feeding methods for infants with single ventricle physiology are associated with length of stay during stage 2 surgery hospitalization.
The purpose of this paper was to identify types of feeding methods following stage 2 palliation and their influence on length of stay. Results showed that feeding methods established at admission for stage 2 palliation are not likely to change by discharge, and that length of stay is more likely to be impacted by tube feeding and intubation history than by age or weight-for-age z score at admission. Recommendations included a better understanding for selection of feeding methods and their impact on patient outcomes in order to develop evidence-based guidelines to decrease variability in clinical practice patterns and to provide appropriate counseling to caregivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS021114.
Citation: Hoch JM, Fatusin O, Yenokyan G .
Feeding methods for infants with single ventricle physiology are associated with length of stay during stage 2 surgery hospitalization.
Congenit Heart Dis 2019 May;14(3):438-45. doi: 10.1111/chd.12742.
.
.
Keywords: Nutrition, Newborns/Infants, Children/Adolescents, Hospitalization, Surgery, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Abrams EM, Greenhawt M, Fleischer DM
Early solid food introduction: role in food allergy prevention and implications for breastfeeding.
The authors explore the evidence suggesting that introduction of solid foods before age 6 months might reduce the risk of food allergy. In addition, they review the possible implications of earlier solid food introduction on both the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and the total duration of breastfeeding. Finally, they argue that harmonization of early introduction guidelines with breastfeeding guidelines is needed to maximize the benefits of both exclusive breastfeeding and early complementary food introduction
AHRQ-funded; HS024599.
Citation: Abrams EM, Greenhawt M, Fleischer DM .
Early solid food introduction: role in food allergy prevention and implications for breastfeeding.
J Pediatr 2017 May;184:13-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.053.
.
.
Keywords: Breast Feeding, Newborns/Infants, Newborns/Infants, Nutrition, Prevention
Bennett WE, Jr., Hendrix KS, Thompson-Fleming RT
Early cow's milk introduction is associated with failed personal-social milestones after 1 year of age.
The researchers used a novel computerized decision support system to gather data from multiple general pediatrics offices.They found an association between the introduction of cow's milk before 1 year of age and the rate of delayed developmental milestones after 1 year of age, adding strength to the recommendations from the AAP and IOM to delay cow's milk introduction until after 1 year of age.
AHRQ-funded; HS017939; HS018453; HS020640.
Citation: Bennett WE, Jr., Hendrix KS, Thompson-Fleming RT .
Early cow's milk introduction is associated with failed personal-social milestones after 1 year of age.
Eur J Pediatr 2014 Jul;173(7):887-92. doi: 10.1007/s00431-014-2265-y.
.
.
Keywords: Clinical Decision Support (CDS), Disabilities, Health Information Technology (HIT), Newborns/Infants, Nutrition