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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
101 to 125 of 127 Research Studies DisplayedCohen DJ, Balasubramanian BA, Gordon L
A national evaluation of a dissemination and implementation initiative to enhance primary care practice capacity and improve cardiovascular disease care: the ESCALATES study protocol.
This paper describes the study protocol for the EvidenceNOW national evaluation, which is called Evaluating System Change to Advance Learning and Take Evidence to Scale (ESCALATES). Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods analyses will be conducted to examine how Cooperatives organize to provide external support to practices, to compare effectiveness of the dissemination and implementation approaches they implement, and to examine how regional variations and other organization and contextual factors influence implementation and effectiveness.
AHRQ-funded; HS022981; HS023940.
Citation: Cohen DJ, Balasubramanian BA, Gordon L .
A national evaluation of a dissemination and implementation initiative to enhance primary care practice capacity and improve cardiovascular disease care: the ESCALATES study protocol.
Implement Sci 2016 Jun 29;11(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s13012-016-0449-8.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention, Primary Care, Research Methodologies
Khazanie P, Greiner MA, Al-Khatib SM
Comparative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: Findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry.
The researchers investigated the outcomes of patients with both atrial fibrillation and heart failure who receive cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) compared with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) alone. They found that CRT-D was associated with lower risks of mortality, all-cause readmission, and heart failure readmission, as well as with a similar risk of complications compared with ICD alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Khazanie P, Greiner MA, Al-Khatib SM .
Comparative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: Findings from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry.
Circ Heart Fail 2016 Jun;9(6). doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002324.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes
Piccini JP, Simon DN, Steinberg BA
Differences in clinical and functional outcomes of atrial fibrillation in women and men: two-year results from the ORBIT-AF Registry.
The purpose of this paper was to determine whether symptoms, quality of life, treatment, and outcomes differ between women and men with atrial fibrillation (AF). The authors found that women with AF have more symptoms and worse quality of life, lower risk-adjusted all-cause and cardiovascular death compared with men, but higher stroke rates.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Piccini JP, Simon DN, Steinberg BA .
Differences in clinical and functional outcomes of atrial fibrillation in women and men: two-year results from the ORBIT-AF Registry.
JAMA Cardiol 2016 Jun 1;1(3):282-91. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0529.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Sex Factors, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Quality of Life, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice
Holcomb CN, Hollis RH, Graham LA
Association of coronary stent indication with postoperative outcomes following noncardiac surgery.
The researchers sought to determine whether the clinical indication for a coronary stent is associated with postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE). They concluded that surgery in patients with a coronary stent placed for heart attack was associated with increased postoperative MACE rates compared with other stent indications.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Holcomb CN, Hollis RH, Graham LA .
Association of coronary stent indication with postoperative outcomes following noncardiac surgery.
JAMA Surg 2016 May;151(5):462-9. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4545.
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Keywords: Surgery, Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Vora AN, Peterson ED, Hellkamp AS
Care transitions after acute myocardial infarction for transferred-in versus direct-arrival patients.
Many patients in the United States require transfer from one hospital to another for acute myocardial infarction (MI) care. How well these transferred-in patients are transitioned back to their local community is unknown. This study found that transferred-in patients with acute MI are less likely to have outpatient clinic follow-up within 30 days and more likely to be readmitted within the first 30 days post discharge compared with direct-arrival patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Vora AN, Peterson ED, Hellkamp AS .
Care transitions after acute myocardial infarction for transferred-in versus direct-arrival patients.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2016 Mar;9(2):109-16. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.115.002108.
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Keywords: Transitions of Care, Hospital Readmissions, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Hospital Discharge
Bhatia N, Santos M, Jones LW
Cardiovascular effects of androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer: ABCDE steps to reduce cardiovascular disease in patients with prostate cancer.
Since cardiovascular disease risk may be increased by the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the researchers have adapted the five-step "ABCDE" algorithm for prostate cancer survivors. Its treatment recommendations come under the following headings: awareness and aspirin, blood pressure, cholesterol and cigarettes, diet and diabetes, and exercise. The algorithm is illustrated by a hypothetical case study.
AHRQ-funded; HS022990.
Citation: Bhatia N, Santos M, Jones LW .
Cardiovascular effects of androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer: ABCDE steps to reduce cardiovascular disease in patients with prostate cancer.
Circulation 2016 Feb 2;133(5):537-41. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.012519.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Cancer: Prostate Cancer, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Brown DW, Mangeot C, Anderson JB
Digoxin use is associated with reduced interstage mortality in patients with no history of arrhythmia after stage I palliation for single ventricle heart disease.
The researchers sought to determine whether digoxin use post-S1P is associated with reduced interstage mortality (IM), utilizing the multicenter database of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative (NPCQIC). They found that among infants with single vetricle defects in the NPCQIC database discharged post-S1P with no history of arrhythmia, use of digoxin at discharge was associated with reduced IM.
AHRQ-funded; HS021114.
Citation: Brown DW, Mangeot C, Anderson JB .
Digoxin use is associated with reduced interstage mortality in patients with no history of arrhythmia after stage I palliation for single ventricle heart disease.
J Am Heart Assoc 2016 Jan 11;5(1). doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002376.
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Keywords: Medication, Mortality, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Cummings DM, Kirian K, Howard G
Consequences of comorbidity of elevated stress and/or depressive symptoms and incident cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes: results from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.
The authors evaluated the impact of comorbid depressive symptoms and/or stress on adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. They concluded that comorbid stress and/or depressive symptoms are common in individuals with diabetes and together are associated with progressively increased risks for adverse CV outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS023009.
Citation: Cummings DM, Kirian K, Howard G .
Consequences of comorbidity of elevated stress and/or depressive symptoms and incident cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes: results from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.
Diabetes Care 2016 Jan;39(1):101-9. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1174.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Depression, Diabetes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Stress
Desai NR, Parzynski CS, Krumholz HM
Patterns of institutional review of percutaneous coronary intervention appropriateness and the effect on quality of care and clinical outcomes.
The researchers sought to determine whether internal review of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) appropriateness using appropriate use criteria is associated with differences in procedural appropriateness, quality of care, and patient outcomes. They concluded that there was a modest association between procedural appropriateness and clinical outcomes and a similarly modest correlation between nonacute PCI volume and procedural appropriateness.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000
Citation: Desai NR, Parzynski CS, Krumholz HM .
Patterns of institutional review of percutaneous coronary intervention appropriateness and the effect on quality of care and clinical outcomes.
JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Dec;175(12):1988-90.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Heart Disease and Health, Registries
Murugiah K, Wang Y, Desai NR
Hospital variation in outcomes for transcatheter aortic valve replacement among Medicare beneficiaries, 2011 to 2013.
The researchers studied hospital performance on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using data from all Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries 65 years of age and older who underwent TAVR from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013. They found that for an individual patient, the between-hospital variation translates to a great than 2-fold higher risk of dying within 30 days for a patient undergoing TAVR at a hospital 1 SD above the national average compared with undergoing TAVR at a hospital 1 SD below; the between-hospital variation was
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Murugiah K, Wang Y, Desai NR .
Hospital variation in outcomes for transcatheter aortic valve replacement among Medicare beneficiaries, 2011 to 2013.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2015 Dec 15;66(23):2678-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.008.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Hospitals, Medicare, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery
Spatz ES, Jiang X, Lu J
Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study: a prospective cohort study.
The Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study was designed to investigate the burden of cardiovascular disease and the sociodemographic, biological, environmental and clinical risk factors associated with disease onset and outcomes. Early findings reveal a significant increase in cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index) from 2000 to 2010.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: Spatz ES, Jiang X, Lu J .
Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study: a prospective cohort study.
BMJ Open 2015 Dec 9;5(12):e008403. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008403.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Social Determinants of Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Prevention
Du XL, Zhang Y
Risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome associated with hematopoietic growth factors in a large population-based cohort of patients with colorectal cancer.
This study sought to determine the relationship between the receipt of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in patients with colorectal cancer. It found that the use of ESAs was significantly associated with a substantially increased risk of MDS in patients with colorectal cancer.
AHRQ-funded; HS018956.
Citation: Du XL, Zhang Y .
Risks of venous thromboembolism, stroke, heart disease, and myelodysplastic syndrome associated with hematopoietic growth factors in a large population-based cohort of patients with colorectal cancer.
Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015 Dec;14(4):e21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.05.007.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk
O'Brien EC, Simon DN, Thomas LE
The ORBIT bleeding score: a simple bedside score to assess bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation.
The researchers sought to develop and validate a novel bleeding risk score using routinely available clinical information to predict major bleeding in a large, community-based in atrial fibrillation (AF) population. They concluded that their five-element ORBIT bleeding risk score had better ability to predict major bleeding in AF patients when compared with HAS-BLED and ATRIA risk scores.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: O'Brien EC, Simon DN, Thomas LE .
The ORBIT bleeding score: a simple bedside score to assess bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation.
Eur Heart J 2015 Dec 7;36(46):3258-64. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv476.
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Keywords: Blood Thinners, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Risk, Registries, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice
Bangalore S, Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J
Outcomes with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks.
The study’s objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors when compared with other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks. It found that in a large cohort of hypertensive blacks, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with less benefit when compared with calcium channel blockers or thiazide diuretics.
AHRQ-funded; HS018589.
Citation: Bangalore S, Ogedegbe G, Gyamfi J .
Outcomes with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive blacks.
Am J Med 2015 Nov;128(11):1195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.04.034..
Keywords: Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medication, Outcomes, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness
Ogedegbe G, Shah NR, Phillips C
Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive Blacks versus Whites.
This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of an ACE inhibitor–based regimen on a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hypertensive blacks compared with whites. ACE inhibitor–based therapy was associated with poorer cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive blacks but not in whites.
AHRQ-funded; HS018589.
Citation: Ogedegbe G, Shah NR, Phillips C .
Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive Blacks versus Whites.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2015 Sep 15;66(11):1224-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.021..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Medication
Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
This study summarized evidence about cognitive outcomes in adults aged 65 years or older at least 3 months after coronary or carotid revascularization, cardiac valve procedures, or ablation for atrial fibrillation. It concluded that intermediate- and long-term cognitive impairment in older adults attributable to the studied cardiovascular procedures may be uncommon.
AHRQ-funded; 2902007100641.
Citation: Fink HA, Hemmy LS, MacDonald R .
Intermediate- and long-term cognitive outcomes after cardiovascular procedures in older adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2015 Jul 21;163(2):107-17. doi: 10.7326/m14-2793..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Elderly, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Surgery
Masoudi FA, Go AS, Magid DJ
Age and sex differences in long-term outcomes following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement in contemporary clinical practice: findings from the Cardiovascular Research Network.
The objectives of this study were to characterize the risks of adverse outcomes in women and older patients. following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement with a focus on death, hospitalization, and complications. It concluded that the burden of adverse outcomes is substantial and varies according to patient age and sex. These differences in outcome generally do not vary according to baseline heart failure characteristics.
AHRQ-funded; 290050033; HS019814.
Citation: Masoudi FA, Go AS, Magid DJ .
Age and sex differences in long-term outcomes following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement in contemporary clinical practice: findings from the Cardiovascular Research Network.
J Am Heart Assoc 2015 Jun 2;4(6):e002005. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.002005..
Keywords: Medical Devices, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Elderly, Outcomes
Heidenreich PA, Tsai V, Bao H
Does age influence cardiac resynchronization therapy use and outcome?
This study sought to describe the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) and its association with survival for older patients. It found that receipt of CRT-D was associated with better survival at 1 year (82.1 percent vs. 77.1 percent, respectively) and 4 years (54.0 percent vs. 46.2 percent , respectively) than in those receiving only an implantable cardiac defibrillator.
AHRQ-funded; HS019814.
Citation: Heidenreich PA, Tsai V, Bao H .
Does age influence cardiac resynchronization therapy use and outcome?
JACC Heart Fail 2015 Jun;3(6):497-504. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.01.012..
Keywords: Medical Devices, Cardiovascular Conditions, Heart Disease and Health, Elderly, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Khalil D, Boktor M, Mortensen EM
Comparison of frequency of inflammatory bowel disease and noninfectious gastroenteritis among statin users versus nonusers.
The objective of this study was to examine the association of statin use on the prevalence of IBD and noninfectious gastroenteritis (NI-GE) in a cohort of patients who were followed longitudinally in a military health care system, where patients had similar access and availability of health care. It found that statin use was not associated with either an increased or decreased risk of IBD or NI-GE diagnoses.
AHRQ-funded; HS022418.
Citation: Khalil D, Boktor M, Mortensen EM .
Comparison of frequency of inflammatory bowel disease and noninfectious gastroenteritis among statin users versus nonusers.
Am J Cardiol 2015 May 15;115(10):1396-401. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.035..
Keywords: Digestive Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Risk, Medication, Cardiovascular Conditions
Holmqvist F, Simon D, Steinberg BA
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in U.S. community practice--results from Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF).
The objective of the study was to describe the utilization of catheter ablation in a contemporary U.S. clinical practice and describe the characteristics and subsequent outcomes in patients undergoing AF ablation in community practice. It found that there were no clinically relevant differences in oral anticoagulation post-AF ablation or differences in outcomes in patients with or without previous AF catheter ablation.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Holmqvist F, Simon D, Steinberg BA .
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in U.S. community practice--results from Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF).
J Am Heart Assoc 2015 May;4(5):e001901. doi: 10.1161/jaha.115.001901..
Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Registries, Evidence-Based Practice
O'Brien EC, Kim S, Hess PL
Effect of the 2014 atrial fibrillation guideline revisions on the proportion of patients recommended for oral anticoagulation.
Researchers assessed the potential effect of a new guideline for atrial fibrillation (AF) by comparing the proportion of patients with AF recommended for oral anticoagulation (OAC) under the 2011 and 2014 guidelines. They found that two-thirds of patients with AF who were previously not recommended for OAC are newly recommended under the 2014 guideline. They advised future studies evaluating longitudinal changes in anticoagulation treatment patterns and outcomes among patients reclassified by the new guidelines.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: O'Brien EC, Kim S, Hess PL .
Effect of the 2014 atrial fibrillation guideline revisions on the proportion of patients recommended for oral anticoagulation.
JAMA Intern Med 2015 May;175(5):848-50. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.13.
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Keywords: Heart Disease and Health, Blood Thinners, Guidelines, Medication, Cardiovascular Conditions, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Goldberger ZD, Nallamothu BK, Nichol G
Policies allowing family presence during resuscitation and patterns of care during in-hospital cardiac arrest.
A growing number of hospitals have begun to implement policies allowing for family presence during resuscitation (FPDR). However, the overall safety of these policies and their effect on resuscitation care is unknown. This study suggests that hospitals with an FPDR policy generally have no statistically significant differences in outcomes and processes of care as hospitals without this policy.
AHRQ-funded; HS020672.
Citation: Goldberger ZD, Nallamothu BK, Nichol G .
Policies allowing family presence during resuscitation and patterns of care during in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015 May;8(3):226-34. doi: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001272..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Patient Safety, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Inpatient Care
Vazquez-Benitez G, Desai JR, Xu S
Preventable major cardiovascular events associated with uncontrolled glucose, blood pressure, and lipids and active smoking in adults with diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease: a contemporary analysis.
The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of major cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization events and all-cause deaths among adults with diabetes with or without CV disease (CVD) associated with inadequately controlled glycated hemoglobin, high LDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and current smoking. It found that the percentages of CV events associated with inadequate risk factor control were 11 percent for those with CVD and 34 percent for those without CVD.
AHRQ-funded; HS019859.
Citation: Vazquez-Benitez G, Desai JR, Xu S .
Preventable major cardiovascular events associated with uncontrolled glucose, blood pressure, and lipids and active smoking in adults with diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease: a contemporary analysis.
Diabetes Care 2015 May;38(5):905-12. doi: 10.2337/dc14-1877..
Keywords: Diabetes, Cardiovascular Conditions, Risk, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
D'Onofrio G, Safdar B, Lichtman JH
Sex differences in reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO study.
Sex disparities in reperfusion therapy for patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction have been documented. The authors tested these patterns in the comparison of young women with men.They found that young women with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction are less likely to receive reperfusion therapy and more likely to have reperfusion delays than similarly aged men.
AHRQ-funded; HS023000.
Citation: D'Onofrio G, Safdar B, Lichtman JH .
Sex differences in reperfusion in young patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: results from the VIRGO study.
Circulation 2015 Apr 14;131(15):1324-32. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012293.
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Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Disparities, Heart Disease and Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Sex Factors
Du DT, McKean SJ, Kelman JA, et al.
AHRQ Author: Encinosa W
Early mortality after aortic valve replacement with mechanical prosthetic vs bioprosthetic valves among Medicare beneficiaries: a population-based cohort study.
The researchers compared early mortality after aortic valve replacement (AVR) between the recipients of mechanical and bioprosthetic aortic valves. Among 66,453 Medicare beneficiaries who received AVRs, use of mechanical valves was associated with a higher risk for death on the date of surgery and within 30 days compared with the bioprosthetic aortic valves. However, this applied only to those who underwent concurrent AVR and coronary artery bypass graft but not isolated AVR.
AHRQ-authored
Citation: Du DT, McKean SJ, Kelman JA, et al..
Early mortality after aortic valve replacement with mechanical prosthetic vs bioprosthetic valves among Medicare beneficiaries: a population-based cohort study.
JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Nov;174(11):1788-95. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4300..
Keywords: Cardiovascular Conditions, Medicare, Mortality, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Surgery