National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
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Search All Research Studies
Topics
- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (2)
- Adverse Events (2)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Behavioral Health (2)
- Brain Injury (1)
- Care Management (1)
- Children/Adolescents (2)
- Comparative Effectiveness (2)
- Critical Care (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Evidence-Based Practice (4)
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- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (1)
- (-) Medication (6)
- (-) Neurological Disorders (6)
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- Pneumonia (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 6 of 6 Research Studies DisplayedIng C, Jackson WM, Zaccariello MJ
Prospectively assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes in studies of anaesthetic neurotoxicity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis tried to answer the question whether exposure to a single general anesthetic (GA) in early childhood causes long-term neurodevelopmental problems. Databases searched from inception to October 2019 were PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Outcomes common to at least three studies were evaluated using a random-effects meta-analyses. A total of 841 out of 1644 children who had a single exposure to GA were evaluated. Findings were that there were statistically significant increases in parent reports of behavioral problems but no difference in general intelligence.
AHRQ-funded; HS026493.
Citation: Ing C, Jackson WM, Zaccariello MJ .
Prospectively assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes in studies of anaesthetic neurotoxicity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Br J Anaesth 2021 Feb;126(2):433-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.10.022..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Neurological Disorders, Medication, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes
Thomson J, Hall M, Ambroggio L
Antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia in neurologically impaired children.
The objective of the study was to compare hospital outcomes associated with commonly used antibiotic therapies for aspiration pneumonia in children with neurologic impairment (NI). The investigators concluded that anaerobic therapy appeared to be important in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia in children with NI. They suggested that while Gram-negative coverage alone was associated with worse outcomes, its addition to anaerobic therapy may not yield improved outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; HS025138.
Citation: Thomson J, Hall M, Ambroggio L .
Antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia in neurologically impaired children.
J Hosp Med 2020 Jul;15(7):395-402. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3338..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Pneumonia, Respiratory Conditions, Neurological Disorders, Antibiotics, Medication, Outcomes
Fink HA, Linskens EJ, MacDonald R
Benefits and harms of prescription drugs and supplements for treatment of clinical Alzheimer-type dementia
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits and harms of prescription drugs and supplements for treatment of clinical Alzheimer-type dementia (CATD). Studies with low or medium risk of bias (ROB) were analyzed and rated. The analysis concluded there was a slight reduction in short-term cognitive decline with cholinesterase inhibitors and memantime, and cholinesterase inhibitors slightly reduced reported functional decline. There was mostly insufficient evidence on drug treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and on supplements for all outcomes.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500008I.
Citation: Fink HA, Linskens EJ, MacDonald R .
Benefits and harms of prescription drugs and supplements for treatment of clinical Alzheimer-type dementia
Ann Intern Med 2020 May 19;172(10):656-68. doi: 10.7326/m19-3887..
Keywords: Elderly, Dementia, Neurological Disorders, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Evidence-Based Practice, Outcomes, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events, Treatments
Oh ES, Needham DM, Nikooie R
Antipsychotics for preventing delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review evaluating the benefits and harms of antipsychotics to treat delirium in adults. Results showed that there was little evidence demonstrating neurologic harms associated with short-term use of antipsychotics for treating delirium in adult inpatients, but potentially harmful cardiac effects tended to occur more frequently. Current evidence does not support routine use of haloperidol or second-generation antipsychotics to treat delirium in adult inpatients.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500006I.
Citation: Oh ES, Needham DM, Nikooie R .
Antipsychotics for preventing delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2019 Oct 1;171(7):474-84. doi: 10.7326/m19-1859..
Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Medication, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health, Prevention
Nikooie R, Neufeld KJ, Oh ES
Antipsychotics for treating delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review evaluating the benefits and harms of antipsychotics to treat delirium in adults. Results showed that there was little evidence demonstrating neurologic harms associated with short-term use of antipsychotics for treating delirium in adult inpatients, but potentially harmful cardiac effects tended to occur more frequently. Current evidence does not support routine use of haloperidol or second-generation antipsychotics to treat delirium in adult inpatients.
AHRQ-funded; 290201500006I.
Citation: Nikooie R, Neufeld KJ, Oh ES .
Antipsychotics for treating delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review.
Ann Intern Med 2019 Oct 1;171(7):485-95. doi: 10.7326/m19-1860.
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Keywords: Neurological Disorders, Medication, Hospitalization, Inpatient Care, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Outcomes, Evidence-Based Practice, Comparative Effectiveness, Behavioral Health
Mahmoud L, Zullo AR, Thompson BB
Outcomes of protocolised analgesia and sedation in a neurocritical care unit.
Researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1197 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to a 12-bed neurocritical care unit (NCCU) over four years in order to evaluate the effect of an analgesia-based sedation protocol on medication use and costs in the NCCU. The protocol resulted in increased in fentanyl use and decreased in propofol use, but their findings indicate no effect on healthcare utilization, healthcare costs, or in-hospital mortality. Based on these results, the researchers suggest that similar NCCUs should consider using population-specific protocols to manage analgesia and sedation.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Mahmoud L, Zullo AR, Thompson BB .
Outcomes of protocolised analgesia and sedation in a neurocritical care unit.
Brain Inj 2018;32(7):941-47. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1469167..
Keywords: Care Management, Brain Injury, Critical Care, Healthcare Costs, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Medication, Neurological Disorders, Outcomes, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research