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- Adverse Drug Events (ADE) (1)
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AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 25 of 31 Research Studies DisplayedShover CL, Rosen A, Mata J
Engaging same-day peer ambassadors to increase coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination among people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in Los Angeles County: a hybrid feasibility-evaluation study.
This study’s goal was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of engaging unhoused peer ambassadors (PAs) in COVID-19 vaccination efforts to reach people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in Los Angeles County. A total of 117 PAs were enrolled at 103 events, participating for an average of 2 hours. Findings showed that 197 additional people were vaccinated over 167 PA hours, accounting for >25% of all vaccines given at these events, indicating that recruiting same-day unhoused PAs is a feasible, acceptable, and preliminarily effective technique to increase COVID-19 vaccination in unsheltered settings.
AHRQ-funded; HS026407.
Citation: Shover CL, Rosen A, Mata J .
Engaging same-day peer ambassadors to increase coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination among people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in Los Angeles County: a hybrid feasibility-evaluation study.
J Infect Dis 2022 Oct 7;226(suppl 3):S346-s52. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac291..
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Vulnerable Populations, Public Health
Glenn BA, Nonzee NJ, Herrmann AK
Impact of a multi-level, multi-component, system intervention on HPV vaccination in a federally qualified health center.
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a multi-component, system-level intervention to improve human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) clinics. The eight participating clinics were randomly assigned to study condition (four intervention, four usual care) that serve a primarily low-income Latino population. The intervention included parent reminders for HPV vaccine series completion, provider training, clinic-level audit and feedback, and workflow modifications to reduce missed opportunities for vaccination. The authors compared HPV vaccination rates among patients, ages 11 to 17 during a 12-month preintervention period and a 15-month intervention period. There was a greater increase in vaccination completion rates among boys, but not girls.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Glenn BA, Nonzee NJ, Herrmann AK .
Impact of a multi-level, multi-component, system intervention on HPV vaccination in a federally qualified health center.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022 Oct 4;31(10):1952-58. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.Epi-22-0156..
Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Sexual Health, Vaccination
Qin CX, Auerbach SR, Charnaya O
Antibody response to three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in adolescent solid organ transplant recipients.
The purpose of this observational cohort study was to assess whether a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine would improve immunogenicity in adolescent solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), and to report the antibody response and safety of a third mRNA vaccine dose (D3) in adolescent SOTRs. Forty-two participants received three BNT162b2 doses and one received three mRNA-1273 doses. Participants were 6-13 years from transplant (median 10 [IQR]), and heart transplant was the most common procedure, in 41.9% of the participants. 9.3% of participants reported pre-D1 SARS-CoV-2 infections and 9.3% reported breakthrough infections. The study found that 88.4% of adolescent SOTRs had positive antibody responses 1 month post-D3, an increase from 63–73% post-D2. 54.5% of participants with prior negative responses seroconverted and 100% with positive responses increased or remained at maximum titer. Titers remained stable 3 months post-D3. There were no vaccine-related adverse events and four breakthrough infections. The researchers concluded that although this was a convenience sample, the results suggest there is an antibody response benefit to a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adolescent SOTRs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026510.
Citation: Qin CX, Auerbach SR, Charnaya O .
Antibody response to three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in adolescent solid organ transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant 2022 Oct;22(10):2481-83. doi: 10.1111/ajt.17085..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Vaccination, Transplantation
Khorasani S, Zubiago J, Carreiro J
Influenza vaccination in Massachusetts jails: a mixed-methods analysis.
The objectives of this study were to survey health administrators in Massachusetts county jails about institutional influenza vaccine policies and practices and estimate influenza vaccination rates in Massachusetts jails from 2013 to 2020. Findings showed that influenza vaccination rates in Massachusetts jails were low, and delivery practices in jails varied. The authors noted that lack of influenza vaccinations in jails is a gap in health care that needs to be prioritized, especially considering the current COVID-19 pandemic. They suggested that further investigations for effective and equitable vaccination in this population should involve people who are incarcerated and people who make influenza vaccine policies in jails.
AHRQ-funded; HS026008.
Citation: Khorasani S, Zubiago J, Carreiro J .
Influenza vaccination in Massachusetts jails: a mixed-methods analysis.
Public Health Rep 2022 Sep-Oct;137(5):936-43. doi: 10.1177/00333549211041659..
Keywords: Influenza, Vaccination, Respiratory Conditions
Banerji A, Norton AE, Blumenthal KG
Rapid progress in our understanding of COVID-19 vaccine allergy: a cause for optimism, not hesitancy.
This paper is a review of current understanding of COVID-19 vaccine allergy. Rapid progress has been made over the past several years in large part due to important research efforts from individuals in the allergy community. Better data has shown safety of repeat vaccination despite an initial reaction. The review ran from December 2020 through early 2022.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395; HS025375
Citation: Banerji A, Norton AE, Blumenthal KG .
Rapid progress in our understanding of COVID-19 vaccine allergy: a cause for optimism, not hesitancy.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022 Jul;150(1):12-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.023..
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events
Huppert J
AHRQ Author: Huppert J
Adolescents with vulvar ulcers: COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccines, and the value of case reports.
The author indicates that there are too few cases reporting aphthosis after COVID disease or COVID-19 vaccination to infer a statistical association, but that case reports are a valuable source of rich details about conditions that are difficult to study with more rigorous designs and can be synthesized to help guide medical care. She recommends that it is time for a high-quality systematic review of vulvar aphthosis in order for clinicians to incorporate the existing evidence into decision-making and best care for patients.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Huppert J .
Adolescents with vulvar ulcers: COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccines, and the value of case reports.
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022 Apr;35(2):109-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.01.006..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Vaccination, Research Methodologies
Chu DK, Abrams EM, Golden BK
Risk of second allergic reaction to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of case studies and case reports was to assess the risk of severe immediate allergic reactions to a second dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in people who experienced an immediate allergic reaction to the first dose. The researchers evaluated the World Health Organization Global Coronavirus database, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase from the date of inception through October 4th, 2021. The main outcomes and measures were a risk of severe immediate allergic reaction and repeated severe immediate allergic reactions with a second vaccine dose. The study found that among 22 studies of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, 1366 individuals had immediate allergic reactions to their first vaccination. Of these, 87.8% were women with a mean age of 46.1 years. Six patients developed severe immediate allergic reactions after their second vaccination, 232 developed mild symptoms, and 1360 tolerated the dose. Among 78 persons with severe immediate allergic reactions to their first SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, 4 people had a second severe immediate reaction, and 15 had non-severe symptoms. There were no deaths. The study concluded that in a supervised setting equipped to manage severe allergic reactions, revaccination of individuals with an immediate allergic reaction to a first SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose can be safe.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Chu DK, Abrams EM, Golden BK .
Risk of second allergic reaction to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA Intern Med 2022 Apr;182(4):376-85. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.8515..
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Risk, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Choi K, Becerra-Culqui T, Bhakta B
Parent intentions to vaccinate children with autism spectrum disorder against COVID-19.
This study’s purpose was to investigate associations between parent vaccine confidence and intentions to have their child with autism vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional, web-based survey of 332 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder who were members of an integrated healthcare system in Southern California was conducted from May to July 2021. Approximately 35% of parents were going to vaccinate their child against COVID-19. Positive vaccine beliefs, healthcare provider trust, or parent vaccination status were associated with intention to vaccinate.
AHRQ-funded; HS026407.
Citation: Choi K, Becerra-Culqui T, Bhakta B .
Parent intentions to vaccinate children with autism spectrum disorder against COVID-19.
J Pediatr Nurs 2022 Mar-Apr;63:108-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.11.019..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Vaccination, Autism, Chronic Conditions
Qin CX, Auerbach SR, Charnaya O
Antibody response to 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.
While many adult solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have impaired antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, pediatric SOTRs’ response has not been assessed. In this article, the researchers reported the immunogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in pediatric SOTRs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026510.
Citation: Qin CX, Auerbach SR, Charnaya O .
Antibody response to 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant 2022 Feb;22(2):669-72. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16841..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vaccination, COVID-19, Transplantation
Bastani R, Glenn BA, Singhal R
Increasing HPV vaccination among low-income, ethnic minority adolescents: effects of a multicomponent system intervention through a county health department hotline.
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has cancer prevention benefits, yet low uptake. The purpose of the study was to evaluate an intervention intended to improve vaccine uptake in low-income, ethnic minority adolescents using a telephone hotline to seek county health department services. The researchers recruited participants through randomization of health department hotline callers who were caregivers of never-vaccinated adolescents aged 11-17. The intervention included multi-lingual print and telephone education and personalized referral to a low cost or free provider of vaccines. Participants completed baseline, 3-month, and 9-month telephone surveys. The study found that by the end of the 9-month follow up period, the HPV vaccination rates had increased, however there were no differences between the intervention (45%) and control (42%) groups. The researchers also observed significant improvements in perceived HPV knowledge, perceived HPV risk, and barriers to vaccination. The study concluded that the county hotline intervention did not produce a greater increase in HPV vaccine rates in the intervention group than the group without the intervention. The study authors recommend that future studies should evaluate interventions which are more intensive and address accessing and using services in complex, safety net settings. The authors also noted that because 44% of unvaccinated adolescents in both the intervention and control groups received at least one dose of the vaccine during the study period, investigators of future studies should be aware of the potential priming effects of participation in the study, which may impact the results of interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Bastani R, Glenn BA, Singhal R .
Increasing HPV vaccination among low-income, ethnic minority adolescents: effects of a multicomponent system intervention through a county health department hotline.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022 Jan;31(1):175-82. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.Epi-20-1578..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vaccination, Low-Income, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Sexual Health, Prevention
Koo G, Anvari S, Friedman DL
mRNA COVID-19 vaccine safety in patients with previous immediate hypersensitivity to pegaspargase.
The authors sought to understand the safety of PEG2000-containing mRNA COVID vaccines in patients who reported a label of immediate pegaspargase hypersensitivity. They found that all 19 studied patients tolerated their first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with no symptoms. Subsequently, all 19 patients tolerated their second doses uneventfully as well.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Koo G, Anvari S, Friedman DL .
mRNA COVID-19 vaccine safety in patients with previous immediate hypersensitivity to pegaspargase.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2022 Jan;10(1):322-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.09.051..
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination
Eaton EF, Kulczycki A, Saag M
Immunization costs and programmatic barriers at an urban HIV clinic.
This study estimated costs of providing Gardasil, Prevnar, and Zostavax to eligible patients at a US Ryan White Part C academically affiliated HIV clinic in 2013. Its cost analysis of 3 vaccines showed great variation in insurance coverage, with potential losses of almost $100 000 for one HIV clinic if eligible patients received vaccinations in one calendar year.
AHRQ-funded; HS013852.
Citation: Eaton EF, Kulczycki A, Saag M .
Immunization costs and programmatic barriers at an urban HIV clinic.
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Dec;61(11):1726-31. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ637.
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Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Healthcare Costs, Medication, Vaccination
de St Maurice A, Grijalva CG, Fonnesbeck C
Racial and regional differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease.
This study assessed the impact of introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pediatric IPD rates, as well as changes in racial and regional differences in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), in Tennessee. It found that PCV13 introduction led to substantial declines in childhood IPD rates and was associated with reduced regional and racial differences in IPD rates in Tennessee.
AHRQ-funded; HS022342.
Citation: de St Maurice A, Grijalva CG, Fonnesbeck C .
Racial and regional differences in rates of invasive pneumococcal disease.
Pediatrics 2015 Nov;136(5):e1186-94. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1773..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vaccination, Prevention
Li JC, Silverberg JI
Varicella infection is not associated with increasing prevalence of eczema: a U.S. population-based study.
The investigators sought to understand the impact of declining rates of chickenpox infection on the prevalence of eczema. Using National Health Interview Survey data, they found that eczema was inversely associated with chickenpox. They concluded that lower rates of chickenpox infection secondary to widespread vaccination against varicella zoster virus are not contributing to higher rates of childhood eczema in the U.S.
AHRQ-funded; HS023011.
Citation: Li JC, Silverberg JI .
Varicella infection is not associated with increasing prevalence of eczema: a U.S. population-based study.
Br J Dermatol 2015 Nov;173(5):1169-74. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14028.
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Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Skin Conditions, Skin Conditions, Vaccination
Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Mvundura M
An economic model assessing the value of microneedle patch delivery of the seasonal influenza vaccine.
The researchers utilized a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered transmission model linked to an economic influenza outcomes model to assess the economic value of introducing the microneedle patch (MNP) into the U.S. influenza vaccine market from the third-party payer and societal perspectives. They concluded that if healthcare providers administered the MNP, its introduction would be less costly and more effective in the majority of scenarios assessed.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Mvundura M .
An economic model assessing the value of microneedle patch delivery of the seasonal influenza vaccine.
Vaccine 2015 Sep 08;33(37):4727-36. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.076.
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Keywords: Healthcare Delivery, Healthcare Costs, Influenza, Vaccination
Pop-Vicas A, Rahman M, Gozalo PL
Estimating the effect of influenza vaccination on nursing home residents' morbidity and mortality.
This study estimated the effect of influenza vaccination on hospitalization and mortality in nursing home (NH) residents. It found that the association between vaccine match and reduction in overall mortality and pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations was strongest for A/H3N2, the influenza strain typically responsible for the most-severe influenza cases.
AHRQ-funded; HS018462.
Citation: Pop-Vicas A, Rahman M, Gozalo PL .
Estimating the effect of influenza vaccination on nursing home residents' morbidity and mortality.
J Am Geriatr Soc 2015 Sep;63(9):1798-804. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13617..
Keywords: Influenza, Nursing Homes, Vaccination, Hospitalization
Rand CM, Blumkin A, Vincelli P
Parent preferences for communicating with their adolescent's provider using new technologies.
The researchers assessed the views of parents of adolescents on various means to communicate with their adolescents’ physicians about vaccine reminders and appointments, medication refills and test results including phone, mail, e-mail, text messages, and personal health records (PHR). They found that young parents of adolescents are most likely to accept text message vaccine reminders; suburban parents prefer e-mail reminders. Personal health records are accepted generally by those parents who are younger and suburban.
AHRQ-funded; HS017951.
Citation: Rand CM, Blumkin A, Vincelli P .
Parent preferences for communicating with their adolescent's provider using new technologies.
J Adolesc Health 2015 Sep;57(3):299-304. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.06.006..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Clinician-Patient Communication, Children/Adolescents, Vaccination
Glanz JM, Kraus CR, Daley MF
Addressing parental vaccine concerns: engagement, balance, and timing.
The recent United States measles epidemic has sparked another contentious national discussion about childhood vaccination. Interventions to address this emerging public health issue are needed. The authors describe a framework by which web-based interventions can be used to help parents make evidence-based decisions about childhood vaccinations.
AHRQ-funded; HS021492.
Citation: Glanz JM, Kraus CR, Daley MF .
Addressing parental vaccine concerns: engagement, balance, and timing.
PLoS Biol 2015 Aug;13(8):e1002227. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002227..
Keywords: Vaccination, Children/Adolescents, Public Health, Education: Patient and Caregiver
Feemster KA
Remembering the benefits of vaccination.
This commentary discussed the issue of vaccination and tightening exemptions for school entry. The author pointed out that events show that the success of vaccines can be fragile, as the measles cases associated with Disneyland were preceded by 644 cases in 2014. And 2012 saw more than 40,000 cases of pertussis, the largest number since 1960. These events provided a dramatic reminder that vaccines remain an important and necessary public health tool.
AHRQ-funded; HS020939.
Citation: Feemster KA .
Remembering the benefits of vaccination.
JAMA Pediatr 2015 Jul;169(7):624-6. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0647.
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Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Infectious Diseases, Patient Safety, Policy, Vaccination
Haidari LA, Wahl B, Brown ST
One size does not fit all: the impact of primary vaccine container size on vaccine distribution and delivery.
The researchers examined the questions of how the design of the primary container may affect the distribution of the vaccine, its resulting cost, and whether the vial is ultimately opened. Using a simulation model, they determined that when choosing a primary vaccine container, the choice depends on characteristics of the vaccine, the vaccine supply chain, immunization session size, and goals of decision makers. In fact, the optimal vial size may vary among locations within a country.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Haidari LA, Wahl B, Brown ST .
One size does not fit all: the impact of primary vaccine container size on vaccine distribution and delivery.
Vaccine 2015 Jun 22;33(28):3242-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.018..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Vaccination
Norman BA, Rajgopal J, Lim J
Modular vaccine packaging increases packing efficiency.
The researchers developed a spreadsheet model that evaluated the impact of different packing schemes for the Benin routine regimen plus the introduction of the Rotarix vaccine. Their analysis suggests that modular packaging systems could offer significant advantages over conventional vaccine packaging systems with respect to space efficiency and potential numbers of fully-immunized children, when they are stored in standard vaccine carrying devices.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Norman BA, Rajgopal J, Lim J .
Modular vaccine packaging increases packing efficiency.
Vaccine 2015 Jun 17;33(27):3135-41. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.091..
Keywords: Vaccination, Medication, Children/Adolescents
Nace DA, Lin CJ, Ross TM
Randomized, controlled trial of high-dose influenza vaccine among frail residents of long-term care facilities.
The researchers compared high-dose to standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine in residents of long-term-care facilities (LTCFs) during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 influenza seasons. They found that, among frail, elderly residents of LTCFs, high-dose influenza vaccine produced superior responses for all strains except influenza A(H1N1) in 2012-2013.
AHRQ-funded; HS023779.
Citation: Nace DA, Lin CJ, Ross TM .
Randomized, controlled trial of high-dose influenza vaccine among frail residents of long-term care facilities.
J Infect Dis 2015 Jun 15;211(12):1915-24. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu622.
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Keywords: Elderly, Influenza, Long-Term Care, Prevention, Vaccination
Leshem E, Tate JE, Steiner CA
AHRQ Author: Steiner CA
Acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among US children following implementation of the rotavirus vaccine.
Because laboratory testing and coding for rotavirus are not routinely performed for patients with diarrhea, the researchers examined both all-cause acute gastroenteritis and rotavirus-coded hospitalizations among children younger than 5 years from 2000 through 2012. They found that, in 2012, when vaccine coverage was highest, the greatest reductions were observed for all-cause acute gastroenteritis (55 percent) and rotavirus-coded (94 percent) hospitalizations.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Leshem E, Tate JE, Steiner CA .
Acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among US children following implementation of the rotavirus vaccine.
JAMA 2015 Jun 9;313(22):2282-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.5571..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Hospitalization, Vaccination, Children/Adolescents, Adverse Events
Lee BY, Schreiber B, Wateska AR
The Benin experience: how computational modeling can assist major vaccine policy changes in low and middle income countries.
The authors discuss some of the key steps and lessons learned in their Benin experience that helped computational modeling inform and lead to major policy change. The key steps are: engagement of Ministry of Health, identifying in-country “champions,” directed and efficient data collection, defining a finite set of realistic scenarios, making the study methodology transparent, presenting the results in a clear manner, and facilitating decision-making and advocacy.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Lee BY, Schreiber B, Wateska AR .
The Benin experience: how computational modeling can assist major vaccine policy changes in low and middle income countries.
Vaccine 2015 Jun 9;33(25):2858-61. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.022..
Keywords: Genetics, Policy, Vaccination
Shoup JA, Wagner NM, Kraus CR
Development of an interactive social media tool for parents with concerns about vaccines.
The researchers describe a process for designing, building, and evaluating a theory-driven social media intervention tool to help reduce parental concerns about vaccination. Based on focus groups, interviews, and usability evaluations, they made revisions to the tool’s content, design, functionality, and overall look and feel. They concluded that engaging parents at all stages of development is critical when designing a tool to address concerns about childhood vaccines.
AHRQ-funded; HS021492; HS019760.
Citation: Shoup JA, Wagner NM, Kraus CR .
Development of an interactive social media tool for parents with concerns about vaccines.
Health Educ Behav 2015 Jun;42(3):302-12. doi: 10.1177/1090198114557129..
Keywords: Vaccination, Social Media, Health Information Technology (HIT), Education: Patient and Caregiver