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AHRQ Research Studies Date
Topics
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antimicrobial Stewardship (2)
- Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) (1)
- Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) (1)
- Children/Adolescents (1)
- Clostridium difficile Infections (2)
- Comparative Effectiveness (1)
- Critical Care (1)
- Education: Patient and Caregiver (1)
- Elderly (1)
- (-) Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) (18)
- Hospital Discharge (1)
- Hospitals (3)
- Infectious Diseases (6)
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (5)
- Long-Term Care (3)
- Medication (2)
- (-) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (18)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (2)
- Newborns/Infants (2)
- Nursing Homes (2)
- Patient-Centered Healthcare (1)
- Patient Safety (11)
- Practice Patterns (1)
- (-) Prevention (18)
- Risk (1)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (1)
AHRQ Research Studies
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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by AHRQ or authored by AHRQ researchers.
Results
1 to 18 of 18 Research Studies DisplayedMcNeil JC, Sommer LM, Vallejo JG
Going back in time: Increasing penicillin susceptibility among methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus osteoarticular infections in children.
Researchers investigated the prevalence of penicillin susceptibility (PSSA) among pediatric methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) acute hematogenous osteoarticular infection (OAI) isolates; the isolates were obtained through surveillance studies at Texas Children's and St. Louis Children's Hospitals. Overall, PSSA isolates were found to be associated with a similar clinical presentation as penicillin-resistant isolates. The researchers concluded that potential for use of penicillin treatment in PSSA OAI merits further study.
AHRQ-funded; HS026896'HS021736' HS024269.
Citation: McNeil JC, Sommer LM, Vallejo JG .
Going back in time: Increasing penicillin susceptibility among methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus osteoarticular infections in children.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023 Jan 24; 67(1):e0119622. doi: 10.1128/aac.01196-22..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Medication, Prevention
Harris AD, Morgan DJ, Pineles L
Acquisition of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) cluster randomized trial.
This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial in 20 hospital intensive units called Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) to see if intervention decreases the acquisition of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. The primary outcome included 40,492 admission and discharge perianal swabs from 20,246 individual patient admissions. A non-statistically significant decrease in acquisition of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria was associated with universal glove and gown use.
AHRQ-funded; HS024045.
Citation: Harris AD, Morgan DJ, Pineles L .
Acquisition of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) cluster randomized trial.
Clin Infect Dis 2021 Feb 1;72(3):431-37. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa071..
Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Patient Safety
Kim JJ, Johnson JK, Stucke EM
Burden of perianal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in nursing home residents increases transmission to healthcare worker gowns and gloves.
Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to health care workers (HCWs) on gowns and gloves has been an issue in nursing homes. This study evaluated the effect of the burden in 13 community-based nursing homes in Maryland and Michigan. Residents were cultured for S. aureus at the perianal skin and the anterior nares areas. A total of 403 residents were enrolled, with 169 colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Transmission to HCW gowns and gloves was greater from those colonized with greater quantities of S. aureus on the perianal skin. These findings inform future infection control practices for both MRSA and MSSA in nursing homes.
AHRQ-funded; HS019979; HS025451.
Citation: Kim JJ, Johnson JK, Stucke EM .
Burden of perianal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in nursing home residents increases transmission to healthcare worker gowns and gloves.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020 Dec;41(12):1396-401. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.336..
Keywords: Elderly, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention
Gall E, Long A, Hall KK
Chlorhexidine bathing strategies for multidrug-resistant organisms: a summary of recent evidence.
This systematic literature review investigated the latest evidence for patient bathing with a 2%-4% chlorhexidine gluconate solution to reduce multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) transmission and infection. Three databases were searched for articles from 2008 through 2018, as well as any key articles published after 2018. Findings focused on health care-associated infections (HAIs) and 3 categories of MDROs: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Chlorhexidine reduced MRSA acquisition and carriage, but no studies found significant reductions in infections. Several studies found that chlorhexidine bathing reduced VRE acquisition and carriage. Two very large studies found bathing significantly reduced HAIs, but these reductions may be smaller when HAIs are already controlled with other anti-infection measures.
AHRQ-funded; HHSP233201500013I.
Citation: Gall E, Long A, Hall KK .
Chlorhexidine bathing strategies for multidrug-resistant organisms: a summary of recent evidence.
J Patient Saf 2020 Sep;16(3S Suppl 1):S16-s22. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000743..
Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety, Infectious Diseases
Chiotos K, Rock C, Schweizer ML
Current infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship program practices: a survey of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN).
This survey compares results with a similar 2013 survey that characterizes contemporary infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship program practices across 64 healthcare facilities. There was decreased frequency of active surveillance for MRSA, frequent active surveillance for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and increased support for antibiotic stewardship programs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026393.
Citation: Chiotos K, Rock C, Schweizer ML .
Current infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship program practices: a survey of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN).
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Sep;40(9):1046-49. doi: 10.1017/ice.2019.172.
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Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotics, Medication, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Practice Patterns
Huang SS, Singh R, McKinnell JA
Decolonization to reduce postdischarge infection risk among MRSA carriers.
This study compared postdischarge methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rates in study participant who received education alone versus decolonization and education. Decolonization was done with chlorhexidine mouthwash and showers, and nasal sprays. Decolonization with education resulted in a 30% reduction in MRSA infection versus education alone.
AHRQ-funded; HS019388.
Citation: Huang SS, Singh R, McKinnell JA .
Decolonization to reduce postdischarge infection risk among MRSA carriers.
N Engl J Med 2019 Feb 14;380(7):638-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716771..
Keywords: Education: Patient and Caregiver, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospital Discharge, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Risk
Deshpande A, Cadnum JL, Fertelli D
Are hospital floors an underappreciated reservoir for transmission of health care-associated pathogens?
In a survey of 5 hospitals, the researchers found that floors in patient rooms were frequently contaminated with pathogens and high-touch objects such as blood pressure cuffs and call buttons were often in contact with the floor. Contact with objects on floors frequently resulted in transfer of pathogens to hands.
AHRQ-funded; HS020004.
Citation: Deshpande A, Cadnum JL, Fertelli D .
Are hospital floors an underappreciated reservoir for transmission of health care-associated pathogens?
Am J Infect Control 2017 Mar;45(3):336-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.11.005.
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Keywords: Hospitals, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Clostridium difficile Infections, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety
Anderson DJ, Chen LF, Weber DJ
Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile (the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study.
The researchers determined the effects of three enhanced strategies for terminal room disinfection (disinfection of a room between occupying patients) on acquisition and infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, C difficile, and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter. They found that the incidence of target organisms among exposed patients was significantly lower after adding UV (quaternary ammonium disinfectant and disinfecting ultraviolet [UV-C]) light to standard cleaning strategies.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Anderson DJ, Chen LF, Weber DJ .
Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile (the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study.
Lancet 2017 Feb 25;389(10071):805-14. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31588-4.
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Keywords: Clostridium difficile Infections, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Hospitals, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety
Albrecht JS, Croft L, Morgan DJ
Perceptions of gown and glove use to prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission in nursing homes.
This qualitative study explored current use and perceptions of glove and gown use in nursing homes. Analysis of recordings of three focus group discussions revealed that direct care staff reported using gowns and gloves primarily as self-protection against contact with bodily fluids, not to prevent MRSA transmission. Glove use was described as common and more acceptable to staff and residents than gown use.
AHRQ-funded; HS024560; HS022135.
Citation: Albrecht JS, Croft L, Morgan DJ .
Perceptions of gown and glove use to prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission in nursing homes.
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017 Feb;18(2):158-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.08.016.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Nursing Homes, Prevention, Patient Safety
Pierce R, Lessler J, Popoola VO
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition risk in an endemic neonatal intensive care unit with an active surveillance culture and decolonization programme.
The researchers measured the association between colonization pressure from decolonized and non-decolonized neonates and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSA acquisition to inform use of this strategy for control of endemic MRSA. They concluded that untreated MRSA carriers were an important reservoir for transmission. Decolonized patients on contact isolation posed no detectable transmission threat, supporting the hypothesis that decolonization may reduce patient-to-patient transmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS022872.
Citation: Pierce R, Lessler J, Popoola VO .
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition risk in an endemic neonatal intensive care unit with an active surveillance culture and decolonization programme.
J Hosp Infect 2017 Jan;95(1):91-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.022.
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Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Prevention, Newborns/Infants
Peterson LR, Boehm S, Beaumont JL
Reduction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in long-term care is possible while maintaining patient socialization: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
The researchers sought to demonstrate that a novel, minimally invasive program not interfering with activities of daily living or socialization could lower methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) disease in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). They found that the MRSA infection rate decreased 65% between baseline and year 2, with a significant reduction observed at each of the three participating LTCFs. They concluded that on-site MRSA surveillance with targeted decolonization resulted in a significant decrease in clinical MRSA infection among LTCF residents.
AHRQ-funded; HS019968.
Citation: Peterson LR, Boehm S, Beaumont JL .
Reduction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in long-term care is possible while maintaining patient socialization: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
Am J Infect Control 2016 Dec;44(12):1622-27. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.04.251.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Long-Term Care, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Patient Safety, Prevention
Dicks KV, Lofgren E, Lewis SS
A multicenter pragmatic interrupted time series analysis of chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in community hospital intensive care units.
This study sought to determine whether daily chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing of intensive care unit (ICU) patients leads to a decrease in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), particularly infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). It concluded that hospitals that implemented CHG bathing attained a decrease in ICU central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), ICU primary BSIs, and VRE central-line-associated bloodstream infections.
AHRQ-funded; HS023866.
Citation: Dicks KV, Lofgren E, Lewis SS .
A multicenter pragmatic interrupted time series analysis of chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in community hospital intensive care units.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016 Jul;37(7):791-7. doi: 10.1017/ice.2016.23.
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Keywords: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention, Patient Safety, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
Reich PJ, Boyle MG, Hogan PG
Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in the neonatal intensive care unit: an infection prevention and patient safety challenge.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The researchers characterized the clinical and molecular epidemiology of MRSA strains colonizing NICU patients. They found that community-acquired MRSA strains are prominent in the NICU and associated with distinct risk factors.
AHRQ-funded; HS021736; HS024269.
Citation: Reich PJ, Boyle MG, Hogan PG .
Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in the neonatal intensive care unit: an infection prevention and patient safety challenge.
Clin Microbiol Infect 2016 Jul;22(7):645.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.04.013.
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Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Patient Safety, Prevention, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Newborns/Infants, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
Huang SS, Septimus E, Hayden MK
Effect of body surface decolonisation on bacteriuria and candiduria in intensive care units: an analysis of a cluster-randomised trial.
The researchers aimed to assess the effect of decolonization on bacteriuria and candiduria in patients admitted to ICUs. They concluded that universal decolonization of patients in the ICU with once a day chlorhexidine baths and short-course nasal mupirocin could be a potential preventive strategy in male patients because it significantly decreases candiduria and any bacteriuria, but not for women.
AHRQ-funded; 290201000008I; 29032007T.
Citation: Huang SS, Septimus E, Hayden MK .
Effect of body surface decolonisation on bacteriuria and candiduria in intensive care units: an analysis of a cluster-randomised trial.
Lancet Infect Dis 2016 Jan;16(1):70-9. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00238-8.
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Keywords: Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention
Morgan DJ, Pineles L, Shardell M
Effect of chlorhexidine bathing and other infection control practices on the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) trial: a subgroup analysis.
The researchers report the results of a subgroup analysis of the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown trial. In 20 intensive care units, the reduction in acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus observed in this trial was observed in units also using chlorhexidine bathing and in those that previously performed active surveillance.
AHRQ-funded; HS018111; 290200600015.
Citation: Morgan DJ, Pineles L, Shardell M .
Effect of chlorhexidine bathing and other infection control practices on the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) trial: a subgroup analysis.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015 Jun;36(6):734-7. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.33..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Prevention, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
Barnes SL, Morgan DJ, Harris AD
Preventing the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms: modeling the relative importance of hand hygiene and environmental cleaning interventions.
The authors investigated the relative impact of hand hygiene and environmental cleaning in order to assess resource allocation. They concluded that hand hygiene should remain a priority for infection control programs, but environmental cleaning can have significant benefit for hospitals or individual hospital units that have either high hand hygiene compliance levels or low terminal cleaning thoroughness.
AHRQ-funded; HS018111.
Citation: Barnes SL, Morgan DJ, Harris AD .
Preventing the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms: modeling the relative importance of hand hygiene and environmental cleaning interventions.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014 Sep;35(9):1156-62. doi: 10.1086/677632.
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Keywords: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Prevention
Harris AD, Pineles L, Belton B
Universal glove and gown use and acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the ICU: a randomized trial.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality. It is unknown whether wearing gloves and gowns for all patient contact in the intensive care unit (ICU) decreases acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was to assess whether wearing gloves and gowns for all patient contact in the ICU decreases acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) compared with usual care.
AHRQ-funded; HS018111; 290200600015.
Citation: Harris AD, Pineles L, Belton B .
Universal glove and gown use and acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the ICU: a randomized trial.
JAMA 2013 Oct 16;310(15):1571-80. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.277815..
Keywords: Patient Safety, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hospitals, Prevention, Critical Care
Huang SS, Septimus E, Kleinman K
Targeted versus universal decolonization to prevent ICU infection.
In this pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial the authors compared targeted versus universal decolonization of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) as strategies for preventing health care-associated infections, particularly those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). They found that in routine ICU practice, universal decolonization was more effective than targeted decolonization or screening and isolation in reducing rates of MRSA clinical isolates and bloodstream infection from any pathogen.
AHRQ-funded; 290201000008I.
Citation: Huang SS, Septimus E, Kleinman K .
Targeted versus universal decolonization to prevent ICU infection.
N Engl J Med 2013 Jun 13;368(24):2255-65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1207290..
Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Infectious Diseases, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Patient-Centered Healthcare, Patient Safety, Prevention